|
| logo_width = 25
| logo_width2 = 25
| image = W7 series set W3 20150207SeriesE7-F19.jpg
| image_width = 300px
| caption = Kereta Hokuriku Shinkansen seri JR WestEast W7E7
| type = [[Shinkansen]]
| system =
| status = Beroperasi
| locale = Jepang
| start = [[Stasiun Takasaki|Takasaki]]
| end = [[KanazawaStasiun Tsuruga|Tsuruga]]
| stations =
| routes =
| minradius = 4,000 m
| elevation =
| map = [[Berkas:Hokuriku Shinkansen(English) route map.jpgsvg|thumbjmpl|Hokuriku Shinkansen]]
| map_state = show
}}
{{Nihongo|'''Hokuriku Shinkansen'''|北陸新幹線}} adalah jalur kereta berkecepatan tinggi ''[[shinkansen]]'' yang dioperasikan oleh [[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East) dan [[West Japan Railway Company]] (JR West), menghubungkan [[Tokyo]] dengan [[Kanazawa]] di [[wilayah Hokuriku]]. Bagian pertama, jalur antara [[Takasaki]] dan [[Nagano]] dibuka pada [[1 Oktober]] [[1997]], dengan nama {{Nihongo|'''Nagano Shinkansen'''|長野新幹線}} (Takasaki sudah terhubung dengan Tokyo melalui [[Joetsu Shinkansen]]). Sedangkan, jalur menuju [[Toyama]] dan [[Kanazawa]] dibuka pada [[14 Maret]] [[2015]].<ref name="tokyoshimbun20140827">{{cite web|url=http://www.tokyo-np.co.jp/s/article/2014082701001134.html |script-title=ja:北陸新幹線、来年３月１４日開業 東京―金沢２時間半 |trans-title=Hokuriku Shinkansen to open 14 March next year: Tokyo - Kanazawa in two and a half hours |date=27 August 2014 |work=Tokyo Shimbun Web |publisher=Chunichi Shimbun |location=Japan |language=Japanese |accessdate=27 August 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827042401/http://www.tokyo-np.co.jp/s/article/2014082701001134.html |archivedate=27 August 2014 }}</ref>, Rencana pembangunan jalur menujudan [[Fukui]] dan [[Tsuruga]] dimulaidibuka pada tahun16 [[2012]],Maret dan2024.<ref>{{Cite diperkirakanweb akan|date=30 dibukaAugust pada2023 tahun|title=北陸新幹線 [[2022]]金沢—敦賀間の開業日が2024年3月16日に決定 〜運行計画の概要を発表〜 |trans-title=Hokuriku Shinkansen Extension to Tsuruga to Open on 16 March 2024 |url=https://railf.jp/news/2023/08/31/055500.html Sedangkan,|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230830213123/https://railf.jp/news/2023/08/31/055500.html |archive-date=30 August 2023 |access-date=30 August 2023 |website=Japan Railfan Magazine Online |language=ja}}</ref> pembangunanPembangunan jalur menuju [[Stasiun Shin-Osaka|Shin-Osaka]] telah dimulai pada [[20 Desember]] [[2016]], sebagai jalur Obama - Kyoto,<ref name="railwaygazette.com">http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/infrastructure/single-view/view/hokuriku-extension-route-agreed.html</ref> dengan perkiraan selesai pada tahun [[2030]] dan memakan waktu sekitar 15 tahun. Jadi nantinya, [[Tokyo]] - [[Osaka]] akan terhubung melalui jalur Hokuriku Shinkansen.
== Sejarah ==
== Train names and service patterns ==
Since March 2015, services on the line are split into four types, with train names as listed below.<ref name="jreast20140827">{{cite web |url= http://www.jreast.co.jp/press/2014/20140814.pdf|script-title=ja:北陸新幹線 長野～金沢間開業に伴う運行計画の概要について |trans-title= Outline of service plans for opening of Hokuriku Shinkansen from Nagano to Kanazawa|date= 27 August 2014 |work= News release|publisher= JR East & JR West|location= Japan|language= Japanese|format= PDF|accessdate= 27 August 2014}}</ref> Trains operate over the [[Jōetsu Shinkansen|Joetsu]] and [[Tohoku Shinkansen]] tracks between Tokyo and Takasaki.
=== Nagano Shinkansen ===
* {{Color box|LemonChiffon}} ''[[Kagayaki]]'': Tokyo - Kanazawa, limited-stop service, since 14 March 2015
Bagian awal antara [[Stasiun Takasaki|Takasaki]] dan [[Stasiun Nagano|Nagano]] dibuka pada tanggal [[1 Oktober]] [[1997]].
* {{Color box|OrangeRed}} ''[[Hakutaka]]'': Tokyo - Kanazawa, mostly all-stations service, since 14 March 2015
* {{Color box|DeepSkyBlue}} ''[[Tsurugi (train)|Tsurugi]]'': Toyama - Kanazawa, all-stations shuttle service, since 14 March 2015
Dari bulan [[Mei]] [[2012]] sampai dengan [[Maret]] [[2014]], peron stasiun di sepanjang jalur Nagano Shinkansen diperpanjang agar bisa melayani kereta seri E7 yang memiliki panjang 12 kereta, yang mulai beroperasi pada bulan Maret 2014 menjelang pengoperasian jalur Nagano - Kanazawa. Sedangkan jalur Nagano - Kanazawa dibuka pada bulan Maret 2015. Perpanjangan jalur dari Kanazawa ke Tsuruga telah disetujui untuk dibangun pada bulan [[Juni]] [[2012]].
* {{Color box|MediumPurple}} ''[[Asama (train)|Asama]]'': Tokyo - Nagano, mostly all-stations service, corresponding to existing Nagano Shinkansen service introduced in 1997
Sejak dimulainya jadwal yang telah direvisi pada tanggal [[15 Maret]] [[2014]], kereta seri E7 diperkenalkan pada layanan ''Asama''. Awalnya digunakan untuk tujuh layanan pulang-pergi setiap hari, jumlah ini meningkat menjadi sebelas layanan pulang-pergi setiap hari mulai [[19 April]] [[2014]].
=== Perpanjangan di luar Nagano ===
Pembangunan perpanjangan dari [[Stasiun Nagano|Nagano]] ke [[Stasiun Kanazawa|Kanazawa]] selesai pada [[24 Mei]] [[2014]]. Ketika layanan itu dimulai pada bulan Maret 2015, waktu tempuh dari Tokyo ke Toyama dikurangi menjadi sekitar 2 jam, dengan Kanazawa berjarak 30 menit lagi. Izin terakhir untuk memulai pembangunan ke [[Fukui]] diberikan pada bulan [[Desember]] [[2011]], dengan modifikasi pekerjaan ke Stasiun Fukui sudah berlangsung selama beberapa tahun untuk mengantisipasi perpanjangan tersebut. Perpanjangan Tsuruga disetujui untuk dibangun pada tanggal [[30 Juni]] [[2012]], dan dijadwalkan dibuka pada tahun fiskal 2022. Di luar [[Stasiun Jōetsumyōkō]], jalur tersebut dioperasikan oleh [[JR West]], bukan [[JR East]].
=== Uji coba ===
Uji coba yang berlangsung di bagian JR East dari jalur antara Nagano dan Kurobe-Unazukionsen dimulai pada tanggal [[1 Desember]] [[2013]], awalnya dengan kecepatan rendah menggunakan kereta uji "East i". Dari tanggal [[6 Desember]], uji coba dimulai dengan menggunakan rangkaian 10 kereta seri E2, dengan kecepatan secara bertahap meningkat ke kecepatan penuh 260 km/jam. Uji coba berlanjut sampai akhir Maret 2014. Uji coba yang berlangsung di seluruh jalur antara Nagano dan Kanazawa (Depo Hakusan) dimulai pada tanggal [[1 Agustus]] [[2014]], dengan menggunakan kereta uji "East i". Uji coba menggunakan kereta seri W7 dimulai pada tanggal [[5 Agustus]] [[2014]], awalnya dengan kecepatan rendah, dilakukan di bagian JR West antara Kanazawa dan Jōetsumyōkō.
=== Perpanjangan ke Tsuruga ===
Pada bulan-bulan sebelum pembukaan, JR West melakukan berbagai uji coba kecepatan rendah di bagian [[Stasiun Kanazawa|Kanazawa]]-[[Stasiun Tsuruga|Tsuruga]] yang baru dengan menggunakan kereta uji coba "[[Doctor Yellow|East i]]" pada tanggal 23 September 2023.<ref name="asahi20240315">{{cite web|date=26 September 2023|title=Test run starts on extended line of Hokuriku Shinkansen|url=https://www.asahi.com/sp/ajw/articles/15014472|work=Yoshito Asakura|access-date=15 March 2024}}</ref> Uji coba dengan menggunakan rangkaian kereta seri W7 reguler dimulai pada tanggal 26 September.<ref name="asahi20240315" /> Layanan penumpang reguler dimulai pada tanggal 16 Maret 2024, dengan upacara di [[Stasiun Tsuruga|Tsuruga]] dan [[Stasiun Tokyo|Tōkyō]] oleh masing-masing presiden JR West dan JR East.<ref name="nhk20240316">{{cite web|date=16 March 2024|title=New bullet train extension comes into service|url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20240316_06/|publisher=NHK|access-date=16 March 2024}}</ref> Perpanjangan jalur ini menghabiskan biaya pembangunan sebesar ¥1,67 triliun (Rp. 171,345 triliun).<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 March 2024|title=New bullet train extension comes into service|url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20240316_06/|website=NHK WORLD|language=en|access-date=20 March 2024}}</ref>
Sesuai dengan pembukaan perpanjangan jalur, layanan ekspres terbatas [[Thunderbird (kereta)|Thunderbird]] mengakhiri layanannya antara [[Stasiun Tsuruga|Tsuruga]] dan [[Stasiun Kanazawa|Kanazawa]] pada tanggal 15 Maret 2024.<ref name="nhk20240315">{{cite web|date=15 March 2024|url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20240315/k10014391781000.html|publisher=NHK|location=Japan|language=ja|script-title=ja:“さよなら北陸本線” サンダーバードも金沢-敦賀間の運行終了|trans-title="Goodbye Hokuriku Main Line" Thunderbird also ends operation between Kanazawa and Tsuruga|access-date=15 March 2024}}</ref>
== Nama layanan kereta ==
Sejak [[Maret]] [[2015]], layanan kereta di jalur ini dibagi menjadi empat macam.<ref name="jreast20140827">{{cite web |url= http://www.jreast.co.jp/press/2014/20140814.pdf|script-title=ja:北陸新幹線 長野～金沢間開業に伴う運行計画の概要について |trans-title= Outline of service plans for opening of Hokuriku Shinkansen from Nagano to Kanazawa|date= 27 August 2014 |work= News release|publisher= JR East & JR West|location= Japan|language= Japanese|format= PDF|accessdate= 27 August 2014}}</ref> Kereta beroperasi melalui jalur [[Joetsu Shinkansen|Joetsu]] dan [[Tohoku Shinkansen]] di jalur antara [[Tokyo]] dan [[Takasaki]].
Berikut nama-nama layanan kereta yang beroperasi di jalur Hokuriku Shinkansen:
* {{Color box|LemonChiffon}} ''Kagayaki'': Tokyo - Tsuruga, hanya berhenti di stasiun tertentu, beroperasi sejak [[14 Maret]] [[2015]]
The original Nagano Shinkansen ''Asama'' services introduced in 1997 replaced the conventional [[Shinetsu Main Line]] limited express services, also named ''Asama'', which previously took 2 hours 50 minutes from Tokyo ([[Ueno Station]]) to Nagano. Following the opening of the Shinkansen, part of the conventional line was abandoned between [[Yokokawa Station|Yokokawa]] and [[Karuizawa]]. This section included the steeply-graded [[Usui Pass]] which required the use of [[bank engine]]s on all trains.
* {{Color box|OrangeRed}} ''Hakutaka'': Tokyo - Tsuruga, berhenti di setiap stasiun, beroperasi sejak [[14 Maret]] [[2015]]
* {{Color box|DeepSkyBlue}} ''Tsurugi'': Toyama - Tsuruga, berhenti di setiap stasiun, beroperasi sejak [[14 Maret]] [[2015]]
* {{Color box|MediumPurple}} ''Asama'': Tokyo - Nagano, berhenti di setiap stasiun, beroperasi sejak tahun [[1997]]
== Daftar stasiun yang dilayani ==
== Stations ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Nama Stasiun
!Station name
!Nama Jepang
!Japanese
!DistanceJarak fromdari Takasaki (km)
!Transfer
!Transfers
!colspan=2 | LocationLokasi
|-
! colspan=6 | [[Tohoku Shinkansen]]
|-
| [[TokyoStasiun StationTokyo|Tokyo]]
| 東京 || align=right | -108.6 || {{Plainlist|
* [[Berkas:shinkansen jrc.svg|18px]] [[Tokaido Shinkansen]]
* {{JRLS|JC}} [[ChūōJalur LineUtama (Rapid)|Chūō Line]]
* {{JRLS|JK}}Jalur [[Keihin-Tōhoku Line]]Tohoku
* Jalur Keiyo
* {{JRLS|JE}} [[Keiyō Line]]
* {{JRLS|JO}}Jalur [[Yokosuka Line]]
* Jalur Sobu
* {{JRLS|JO}} [[Sōbu Line (Rapid)]]
* [[Jalur Utama Tōkaidō]]
* {{JRLS|JT}} [[Tōkaidō Main Line]]
* {{JRLS|JU}}Jalur [[Ueno-Tokyo Line]] ([[UtsunomiyaJalur Line|Utsunomiya]], [[TakasakiJalur Line|Takasaki]], anddan [[JōbanJalur Line]]sJoban)
* {{JRLS|JY}} [[Jalur Yamanote Line]]
* {{TSLS|M}} [[Tokyo Metro Jalur Marunouchi Line]] (M-17)
}}
| [[Chiyoda, Tokyo|Chiyoda]] || rowspan=2 | [[Tokyo]]
|-
| [[UenoStasiun StationUeno|Ueno]]
| 上野 || align=right | -105 || {{Plainlist|
* {{JRLS|JJ}}Jalur [[Jōban Line]] (Rapid)
* {{JRLS|JK}}Jalur Keihin-Tōhoku Line
* {{JRLS|JU}}Jalur [[Takasaki Line]]
* {{JRLS|JU}}Jalur [[Utsunomiya Line]]
* {{JRLS|JY}} [[Jalur Yamanote Line]]
* {{TSLS|G}} [[Tokyo Metro Jalur Ginza Line]] (G-16)
* {{TSLS|H}} [[Tokyo Metro Jalur Hibiya Line]] (H-17)
* Jalur Utama Keisei
* {{KSLS|KS}} [[Keisei Main Line]] ({{STN|Keisei Ueno}})
}}
| [[Taito, Tokyo|Taitō]]
|-
| [[Stasiun Ōmiya Station (Saitama)|Ōmiya]]
| 大宮 || align=right | -77.3 || {{Plainlist|
* [[Berkas:Shinkansen-E.png|18px]] [[Tohoku Shinkansen]]
* {{JRLS|JK}}Jalur Keihin-Tōhoku Line
* {{JRLS|JA}}Jalur [[Saikyō Line]]
* {{JRLS|JS}}Jalur [[Shōnan-Shinjuku Line]]
* {{JRLS|JU}}Jalur Takasaki Line
* {{JRLS|JU}}Jalur Utsunomiya Line
* {{Colorbull|Grey}}Jalur [[Kawagoe Line]]
* Jalur Tobu Urban Park
* {{Colorbull|Yellow}}[[New Shuttle]]
* {{TBLS|TD}} [[Tobu Urban Park Line]]
}}
| [[Ōmiya-ku, Saitama]] || [[SaitamaPrefektur PrefectureSaitama|Saitama]]
|-
! colspan=6 | [[Joetsu Shinkansen]]
| <span style="color:gray;">Ōmiya</span> ||<span style="color:gray;">大宮</span> || || || <span style="color:gray;">Ōmiya-ku, Saitama</span> || rowspan=3 | Saitama
|-
| [[KumagayaStasiun StationKumagaya|Kumagaya]]
| 熊谷 || align=right | -40.7 || {{Plainlist|
* {{Colorbull|DodgerBlue}} [[ChichibuJalur MainUtama Line]]Chichibu
* {{Colorbull|DarkOrange}} [[TakasakiJalur Line]]Takasaki
}}
| [[Kumagaya, Saitama|Kumagaya]]
|-
| [[Stasiun Honjo-Waseda Station|Honjō-Waseda]]
| 本庄早稲田 || align=right | -19.6 || || [[Honjo, Saitama|Honjō]]
|-
| [[TakasakiStasiun StationTakasaki|Takasaki]]
| 高崎 || align=right | 0.0 || {{Plainlist|
* {{Colorbull|Red}} [[JoshinJalur Electrickereta Railwaylistrik Line]]Joshin
* {{Colorbull|SteelBlue}} Jalur Agatsuma
* {{Colorbull|SteelBlue}} [[Agatsuma Line]]<ref group="*" name="takasaki">Although the official terminus of the Ryōmō Line is at {{STN|Shin-Maebashi}} and that of the [[Agatsuma Line]] is at {{STN|Shibukawa}}, trains on both lines run through to Takasaki.</ref>
* {{Colorbull|Grey}} [[HachikoJalur Line]]Hachiko
* {{Colorbull|DeepSkyBlue}} [[JoetsuJalur Line]]Joetsu
* {{Colorbull|Yellow}} [[Jalur Ryomo Line]]<ref group="*" name="takasaki" />
* {{Colorbull|YellowGreen}} [[ShinetsuJalur MainUtama Line]]Shinetsu
* {{Colorbull|DarkOrange}} [[TakasakiJalur Line]]Takasaki
}}
| [[Takasaki, Gunma|Takasaki]] || [[GunmaPrefektur PrefectureGunma|Gunma]]
|-
! colspan=6 | Hokuriku Shinkansen
| <span style="color:gray;">Takasaki</span> ||<span style="color:gray;">高崎</span> || || || <span style="color:gray;">Takasaki</span> || rowspan=2 | Gunma
|-
| {{STN[[Stasiun Annaka-Haruna|Annaka-Haruna}}]]
| 安中榛名 || align=right | 18.5 || || [[Annaka, Gunma|Annaka]]
|-
| {{STN[[Stasiun Karuizawa|Karuizawa}}]]
| 軽井沢 || align=right | 41.8 || [[Berkas:Shinano Railway Symbolmark.svg|20px]] [[ShinanoJalur Railwaykereta Line]]Shinano || [[Karuizawa, Nagano|Karuizawa]], [[Kitasaku District, Nagano|Kitasaku]] || rowspan=5 | [[NaganoPrefektur PrefectureNagano|Nagano]]
|-
| {{STN[[Stasiun Sakudaira|Sakudaira}}]]
| 佐久平 || align=right | 59.4 || {{Colorbull|Green}} [[KoumiJalur Line]]Koumi || [[Saku, Nagano|Saku]]
|-
| {{STN|[[Stasiun Ueda|Nagano}}Ueda]]
| 上田 || align=right | 84.2 ||{{Plainlist|
* [[Berkas:Shinano Railway Symbolmark.svg|20px]] [[ShinanoJalur Railwaykereta Line]]Shinano
* [[Ueda Electric RailwayJalur Bessho Line]]
}}
| [[Ueda, Nagano|Ueda]]
|-
| {{STN[[Stasiun Nagano|Nagano}}]]
| 長野 || align=right | 117.4 ||{{Plainlist|
* {{Colorbull|yellowgreen}} Jalur Iiyama
* {{Colorbull|yellowgreen}} [[Iiyama Line]]<ref group="*">Although the official terminus of the Iiyama Line is at {{STN|Toyono}}, trains on the line run through to Nagano.</ref>
* {{Colorbull|DeepSkyBlue}} [[ShinetsuJalur MainUtama Line]]Shinetsu
* [[Berkas:Shinano Railway Symbolmark.svg|20px]] [[Shinano RailwayJalur Kita-Shinano Line]]
* [[Berkas:NER-mark.svg|20px]] [[Nagano Electric Railway]]Jalur Nagano Line
}}
| [[Nagano, Nagano|Nagano]]
|-
| {{STN[[Stasiun Iiyama|Iiyama}}]]
| 飯山
|align=right|147.3
| {{Colorbull|yellowgreen}} [[IiyamaJalur Line]]Iiyama
| [[Iiyama, Nagano|Iiyama]]
|-
| {{STN[[Stasiun Jōetsumyōkō|Jōetsumyōkō}}]]
| 上越妙高
|align=right|176.9
| [[Berkas:Echigo-TOKImeki logomark.svg|25px]] [[EchigoJalur Tokimeki Railway Myōkō Haneuma Line|ETR Myōkō Haneuma Line]]
| [[Joetsu, Niigata|Jōetsu]]
|rowspan=2| [[NiigataPrefektur PrefectureNiigata|Niigata]]
|-
| {{STN[[Stasiun Itoigawa|Itoigawa}}]]
| 糸魚川
|align=right|213.9
| {{Plainlist|
* {{Colorbull|SteelBlue}} [[ŌitoJalur Line]]Ōito
* [[Berkas:Echigo-TOKImeki logomark.svg|25px]] [[EchigoJalur Tokimeki Railway Nihonkai Hisui Line|ETR Nihonkai Hisui Line]]
}}
| [[Itoigawa, Niigata|Itoigawa]]
|-
| {{STN[[Stasiun Kurobe-Unazukionsen|Kurobe-Unazukionsen}}]]
| 黒部宇奈月温泉
|align=right|253.1
| Jalur Utama Toyama Chiho
| [[Toyama Chihō Railway Main Line]]
| [[Kurobe, Toyama|Kurobe]]
|rowspan=3| [[ToyamaPrefektur PrefectureToyama|Toyama]]
|-
| {{STN[[Stasiun Toyama|Toyama}}]]
| 富山
|align=right|286.9
| {{Plainlist|
* Jalur Utama Takayama
* [[Takayama Main Line]]
* [[Berkas:Ainokaze Toyama Railway logo.png|25px]] [[Jalur Ainokaze Toyama Railway Line]]
* [[Toyama Light Rail Jalur Toyamako Line]] ({{STN|Toyamaeki-Kita}}
* [[Toyama Chiho Railway Jalur Fujikoshi Line]], Main Line, [[Toyama Chiho RailwayJalur Tateyama Line|Tateyama Line]] (3 lines at {{STN|Dentetsu-Toyama}})
* Jalur Trem Kota Toyama
* [[Toyama Chiho Railway Toyama City Tram Line|Toyama City Tram Line]] ({{STN|Toyama-Ekimae}})
}}
| [[Toyama, Toyama|Toyama]]
|-
| {{STN[[Stasiun Shin-Takaoka|Shin-Takaoka}}]]
| 新高岡
|align=right|305.8
| {{Colorbull|DodgerBlue}} [[JōhanaJalur Line]]Jōhana
| [[Takaoka, Toyama|Takaoka]]
|-
| {{STN[[Stasiun Kanazawa|Kanazawa}}]]
| 金沢
|align=right|345.4
| {{Plainlist|
* {{Colorbull|Orange}} [[Jalur Hokutetsu Asanogawa Line]] ({{STN|Kanazawa||Hokutetsu-Kanazawa}})
* {{Colorbull|DodgerBlue}} [[Jalur Hokuriku Main Line]]
* [[Berkas:Ir ishikawa logo.png|18px]] [[Jalur IR Ishikawa Railway Line]]
* {{Colorbull|Crimson}} [[NanaoJalur Line]]Nanao
}}
| [[Kanazawa, Ishikawa|Kanazawa]]
| rowspan="3" | [[IshikawaPrefektur PrefectureIshikawa|Ishikawa]]
|-
| [[Stasiun Komatsu|Komatsu]]
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"| '''Under construction; scheduled to open in fiscal 2022'''
|-
| {{STN|Komatsu}}
| 小松
|align=right|372.6
| {{Plainlist|
| {{Colorbull|DodgerBlue}} [[Hokuriku Main Line]]
* [[Berkas:Ir ishikawa logo.png|18px]] Jalur IR Ishikawa
}}
| [[Komatsu, Ishikawa|Komatsu]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Ishikawa Prefecture|Ishikawa]]
|-
| {{STN[[Stasiun Kagaonsen|Kagaonsen}}]]
| 加賀温泉
|align=right|387.21
| {{Plainlist|
| {{Colorbull|DodgerBlue}} [[Hokuriku Main Line]]
* [[Berkas:Ir ishikawa logo.png|18px]] Jalur IR Ishikawa
}}
| [[Kaga, Ishikawa|Kaga]]
|-
| {{STN[[Stasiun Awaraonsen|Awaraonsen}}]]
| 芦原温泉
|align=right|403.45
| {{Plainlist|
| {{Colorbull|DodgerBlue}} [[Hokuriku Main Line]]
* [[Berkas:Hapi-Line Fukui Logomark.svg|18px]] [[Jalur Hapi-Line Fukui]]
}}
| [[Awara, Fukui|Awara]]
| rowspan="4" | [[FukuiPrefektur PrefectureFukui|Fukui]]
|-
| {{STN|[[Stasiun Fukui|Fukui}}]]
| 福井
|align=right|421.45
| {{Plainlist|
* {{Colorbull|SteelBlue}} [[Jalur Etsumi-Hoku]] (Jalur Kuzuryū)
* [[Katsuyama Eiheiji Line]]
* [[File:Hapi-Line Fukui Logomark.svg|18px]] [[Jalur Hapi-Line Fukui]]
* [[Mikuni Awara Line]]
* {{Colorbull|Orange}} [[Jalur Katsuyama Eiheiji]]
* [[Fukui Railway Fukubu Line|Fukubu Line]] (Fukui-eki)
* {{Colorbull|SteelBlueBlue}} [[Etsumi-HokuJalur LineMikuni Awara]] (Kuzuryū Line)
* {{Colorbull|DodgerBlueGreen}} [[HokurikuJalur MainFukubu LineFukui Railway|Jalur Fukubu]] (Fukui-eki)
}}
| [[Fukui, Fukui|Fukui]]
|-
| [[Stasiun Echizen-Takefu|Echizen-Takefu]]
| ''{{STN|Nanetsu}}''<ref group="Note" name="Tentative">Tentative name.</ref>
| 南越前たけふ
|align=right|440.45
|
| [[Echizen, Fukui (kota)|Echizen]]
|-
| {{STN[[Stasiun Tsuruga|Tsuruga}}]]
| 敦賀
|align=right|466470.16
| {{Plainlist|
* {{RouteBox|A|Hokuriku Main Line|#0072bc}} {{RouteBox|B|Hokuriku Main Line|#00bfff}} [[HokurikuJalur MainUtama LineHokuriku]]
* {{Colorbull|SteelBlue}} [[ObamaJalur LineObama]]
* [[File:Hapi-Line Fukui Logomark.svg|18px]] [[Jalur Hapi-Line Fukui]]
}}
| [[Tsuruga, Fukui|Tsuruga]]
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"| '''(Route between Tsuruga and {{STN|Shin-Osaka}} not yet finalized.)'''
|}
* TheBatas boundary betweenantara [[JR East]] anddan [[JR West]] liesberada immediatelydi tosebelah theutara northstasiun of [[Jōetsumyōkō Station]].
* Stasiun yang ditulis miring adalah stasiun yang tidak setiap saat beroperasi.
* Stations in italics are not currently operational.
{{Reflist|group="*"}}
=== NotesCatatan ===
{{Reflist|group="Note"}}
== RollingSet stockkereta yang dipakai ==
* [[Seri E7 series]] 12-carkereta "F" setsset" (sinceberoperasi sejak [[15 MarchMaret]] [[2014]])<ref name="dj361">{{cite magazine|script-title=ja:3月15日ダイヤ改正と各地の話題 |trans-title= 15 March timetable revision and topics from around the regions|magazine=Tetsudō Daiya Jōhō Magazine |volume = 43|issue = 361|page =12|publisher = Kōtsū Shimbun |location = Japan |language= Japanese|date = May 2014}}</ref>
* [[Seri W7 series]] 12-carkereta "W" setsset" (sinceberoperasi sejak [[14 MarchMaret]] [[2015]])
With the start of Nagano Shinkansen services, trains were operated by a new fleet of JR East [[E2 series]] 8-car sets. A fleet of 17 new [[E7 series]] 12-car trainsets were phased in from March 2014, and these were augmented by a fleet of 10 JR West [[W7 series]] 12-car sets introduced from March 2015. The remaining E2 series trainsets were withdrawn from Hokuriku Shinkansen services on 31 March 2017.<ref name="yomiuri20170321">{{cite web|url=http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/economy/20170321-OYT1T50054.html |script-title=ja: 北陸新幹線「Ｅ２系」今月引退…五輪輸送で活躍 |trans-title=Hokuriku Shinkansen E2 series to be withdrawn this month - Played an active role in transportation during the Olympics |date=21 March 2017 |work=Yomiuri Online |publisher=The Yomiuri Shimbun |location=Japan |language=Japanese |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20170321043202/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/economy/20170321-OYT1T50054.html |archivedate=21 March 2017 |dead-url=no |accessdate=22 March 2017 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
<gallery>
File:E7 F4 Asama 522 Omiya 20140419.jpg|AnKereta seri E7 series train, April 2014
</gallery>
=== FormerSet rollingkereta stockyang pernah dipakai ===
* [[Seri E2 series]] 8-carkereta "N", setsdipakai onuntuk Tokyolayanan - Naganokereta ''Asama'' servicesrute onlyTokyo - Nagano
* [[Seri E2 series]] 8-carkereta "J" sets
* [[Seri E4 series]] 8-carkereta "P50/P80" setsdipakai untuk aslayanan ''Max Asama''
* [[200Seri Series Shinkansen|200 series]] 12-carkereta set F80, duringhanya Februarydipakai 1998saat only[[Februari]] [[1998]]
The original [[E2 series]] 8-car "J" sets, primarily used on [[Tohoku Shinkansen]] services were also used on some ''Asama'' services until they were subsequently lengthened to 10 cars. One specially-modified [[200 Series Shinkansen|200 series]] set, numbered F80, was used on additional ''Asama'' services in February 1998 during the [[1998 Winter Olympics]] held in Nagano. The train was modified to operate on both 25 kV AC 50 Hz and 60 Hz overhead power supplies, incorporated weight-saving measures to comply with the 16 tonne axle load restriction, and included additional control equipment to cope with the 30[[Per mil|‰]] gradient of the Nagano Shinkansen.<ref name="railfan444">{{cite magazine| title = 200系F80編成|trans-title= 200 series set F80|magazine=[[Japan Railfan Magazine]]| volume = 38| issue = 444| page =64| publisher = Koyusha Co., Ltd.| location = Japan| date = April 1998}}</ref> Its maximum speed was limited to 210 km/h.<ref name="railfan444"/> The last services operated using eight-car E2 series trainsets ran on 31 March 2017, from which date all ''Asama'' services were formed of E7 and W7 series trainsets.<ref name="railfan20170401">{{cite web |url= http://railf.jp/news/2017/04/01/202000.html |script-title=ja: E2系N編成“あさま”の営業運転終了 |trans-title= E2 series N set ''Asama'' services end |date= 1 April 2017|work= Japan Railfan Magazine Online|publisher= Koyusha Co., Ltd.|location= Japan|language= Japanese|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20170401150843/http://railf.jp/news/2017/04/01/202000.html |archivedate= 1 April 2017 |dead-url=no |accessdate= 3 April 2017}}</ref>
<gallery>
File:N11 Asama 514 Tokyo 20020601.jpg|A Nagano Shinkansen seri E2 series "N" set, inpada JuneJuni 2002
File:E2 J6 Asama Karuizawa 19980218.jpg|A Nagano Shinkansen seri E2 series "J" set, inpada FebruaryFebruari 1998
File:Shinkansen E4series (4467135007).jpg|AnSet E4kereta seriesseri setE4
File:200 F80 Asama Ueda 19980218.jpg|ModifiedF80 setNagano F80Shinkansen onseri aF80, Naganodengan Shinkansenlayanan kereta ''Asama'', service inpada FebruaryFebruari 1998
</gallery>
== HistoryReferensi ==
=== Nagano Shinkansen ===
The initial section between Takasaki and Nagano opened on 1 October 1997.
Between May 2012 and March 2014, station platforms on the Nagano Shinkansen had their platform roofs extended to handle the [[E7 series]] 12-car trains which entered service in March 2014 ahead of the March 2015 opening of the extension beyond Nagano.<ref name="asahi20120503">{{cite web|url=http://www.asahi.com/travel/rail/news/TKY201205020438.html |script-title=ja:新幹線ホーム屋根延長へ 長野県内各駅、金沢延伸に備え |trans-title=Nagano Prefecture shinkansen station platforms to have roofs extended in preparation for extension to Kanazawa |first=Tadayuki |last=Ito |date=3 May 2012 |work=The Asahi Shimbun Digital |publisher=The Asahi Shimbun Company |location=Japan |language=Japanese |accessdate=3 May 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512170318/http://www.asahi.com/travel/rail/news/TKY201205020438.html |archivedate=12 May 2012 }}</ref> The Hokuriku Shinkansen extension from Nagano to {{STN|Kanazawa}} opened in March 2015.<ref name="asahi20120503"/> The 113-km extension from Kanazawa to Tsuruga was approved for construction in June 2012.<ref>[[Kyodo News]], "[http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20120630b2.html Bullet-train extensions approved]", ''[[The Japan Times]]'', 30 June 2012, p. 2</ref>
From the start of the revised timetable on 15 March 2014, E7 series trainsets were introduced on ''Asama'' services.<ref name="dj361"/> Initially used on seven return services daily, this number was increased to eleven return services daily from 19 April 2014.<ref name="dj361"/>
=== Extension beyond Nagano ===
[[Berkas:The Viaduct of Hokuriku Shinkansen-1.JPG|thumb|Construction of the Hokuriku Shinkansen extension near [[Kanazawa Station]] in March 2008]]
Construction of the extension from Nagano to Kanazawa was completed on 24 May 2014.<ref name="asahi20140525">{{cite web|url=http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/social_affairs/AJ201405250025|title=Hokuriku Shinkansen line between Nagano, Kanazawa completed|last1=Igata|first1=Katsuhiro|date=25 May 2014|website=ajw.asahi.com|publisher=Asahi Shimbun|accessdate=27 May 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528045622/http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/social_affairs/AJ201405250025|archivedate=28 May 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> When services commenced in March 2015, the travel time from Tokyo to Toyama was reduced to about 2 hours, with Kanazawa an additional 30 minutes away.<ref name="asahi20140525"/> Final permission to start construction to Fukui was granted in December 2011, with modification works to Fukui Station already in progress for several years in anticipation of the extension.<ref>[http://www.asahi.com/travel/rail/news/OSK201112260130.html ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105020912/http://www.asahi.com/travel/rail/news/OSK201112260130.html |date=5 January 2012 }}</ref> The extension to Tsuruga was approved for construction on 30 June 2012,<ref>[https://archive.is/20120707022414/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/T120629006237.htm ]</ref> and is scheduled to open in fiscal 2022.<ref name="asahi20150829">{{cite web |url= http://www.asahi.com/articles/ASH8Y3PHFH8YPLFA002.html|script-title=ja: 北陸新幹線延伸「小浜・京都ルート」も検討 ＪＲ西日本|trans-title= JR West also considering Obama-Kyoto route for Hokuriku Shinkansen extension|date= 29 August 2015|work= Asahi Shimbun Digital|publisher= The Asahi Shimbun Company|location= Japan|language= Japanese|accessdate= 29 August 2015}}</ref> Beyond Jōetsumyōkō Station, the line is operated by [[West Japan Railway Company]] (JR West) instead of [[East Japan Railway Company]] (JR East).<ref>[[Kyodo News]], "[http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20111217a2.html DPJ may OK three new bullet-train sections]", ''The Japan Times'', 17 December 2011, p. 1.</ref>
=== Test-running ===
Test-running on the JR East section of the line between Nagano and Kurobe-Unazukionsen commenced on 1 December 2013, initially at low speeds using the "[[Doctor Yellow|East i]]" test train.<ref name="webun20131005">{{cite web|url= http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20131005-00002001-kitanihon-l16|script-title= ja:北陸新幹線、１２月１日から走行試験|trans-title= Hokuriku Shinkansen test running to start from 1 December|date= 5 October 2013|work= Webun|publisher= The Kitanippon Shimbun|location= Japan|language= Japanese|accessdate= 9 October 2013|deadurl= yes|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131008205644/http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20131005-00002001-kitanihon-l16|archivedate= 8 October 2013|df= dmy-all}}</ref> From 6 December, test-running commenced using 10-car [[E2 series]] trainsets, with running speeds gradually increased to the full line speed of 260 km/h.<ref name="webun20131005"/> Test-running continued until the end of March 2014.<ref name="webun20131005"/> Test-running on the entire line between Nagano and Kanazawa (Hakusan Depot) started on 1 August 2014, using the "East i" test train.<ref name="hobidas20140804">{{cite web |url=http://rail.hobidas.com/rmn/archives/2014/08/jre926east-i.html |title=E926形"East-i"が金沢（白山総合車両所）まで走行試験 |trans-title= Class E926 "East i" test run to Kanazawa (Hakusan Depot) |date=4 August 2014 |work=Tetsudo Hobidas |publisher=Neko Publishing |location= Japan|language= Japanese|accessdate=5 August 2014 }}</ref> Test-running using W7 series trains commenced on 5 August 2014, initially at low speed, on the JR West section between {{STN|Kanazawa}} and {{STN|Jōetsumyōkō}}.<ref name="hobidas20140805">{{cite web |url=http://rail.hobidas.com/rmn/archives/2014/08/jrjrw7.html |title=北陸新幹線金沢～上越妙高間でW7系による走行試験が始まる |trans-title= Test-running using W7 series begins on Hokuriku Shinkansen between Kanazawa and Jōetsumyōkō |date=5 August 2014 |work=Tetsudo Hobidas |publisher=Neko Publishing |location= Japan|language= Japanese|accessdate=5 August 2014 }}</ref>
== Future plans ==
[[Berkas:Fukui-C-3082.jpg|thumb|Construction of the Hokuriku Shinkansen near [[Fukui Station (Fukui)|Fukui Station]] in August 2007]]
The route of the final section from {{STN|Tsuruga}} to {{STN|Osaka}} was finalized on 20 December 2016 as the 'Obama-Kyoto route.<ref name="railwaygazette.com"/> The following four options were under consideration,<ref name="asahi20150829"/> with a fifth unofficial option suggested by a local politician.<ref name="japantimes.co.jp">http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/01/24/national/politics-heating-hokuriku-shinkansen-lines-undecided-last-leg/#.VqvdGNJ96Un</ref>
# {{Nihongo|'''Maibara Route'''|米原ルート}}: This involved building a full standard shinkansen track to [[Maibara Station]]. It was one third of the length of the Obama Route, and provided good access to both Kyoto and Nagoya. It would have resulted in longer travel time to Osaka than the other options, and trains would have had to use the existing, already near-capacity [[Tokaido Shinkansen]] tracks between Maibara and Shin-Osaka.
# {{Nihongo|'''Kosei Route'''|湖西ルート}}: This involved no new track construction; instead, this proposal would have upgraded the [[Kosei Line]] to {{STN|Kyoto}}, either by regauging or dual-gauging the line to support [[Mini-Shinkansen]], or alternatively utilising [[Gauge Change Train]] (GCT) operations. This was the cheapest option, but meant train speeds would likely be limited to a maximum of {{Convert|160|km/h|disp=5|abbr=on}} and hence travel times would have been longer than the other options.
# {{Nihongo|'''Obama Route'''|小浜ルート}}: First proposed in 1973,<ref name="asahi20150829"/> this route involved building a full standard shinkansen track via {{STN|Obama}} and {{STN|Kameoka}}. It was the shortest route to Osaka, but also the most expensive (approximately 1 trillion yen), and would have bypassed {{STN|Kyoto}}.
# {{Nihongo|'''Obama-Kyoto Route'''|小浜・京都ルート}}: This, the now selected route, was first made public in August 2015, and involves following the proposed Obama Route west as far as Obama and then building shinkansen track southward to link with the Tokaido Shinkansen at {{STN|Kyoto}}. Including Kyoto on the route is seen as important to increase tourism.<ref name="asahi20150829"/>
# {{Nihongo|'''Maizuru Route'''|舞鶴ルート}}: Kyoto politician, [[Shoji Nishida]]'s proposal from Tsuruga, via Obama, to Maizuru then south-east to Kyoto, eastern Osaka and Kansai Airport.<ref name="japantimes.co.jp"/> This option was uncosted but would have been the most expensive due to the scale of the proposal. Its case was to provide development to the Maizuru region as per the Japanese national government's policy, with the Maizuru Maritime Self-Defence Force Base and several nuclear power stations put forward as reasonable traffic generators. The option to extend the line south of Kyoto to a new Osaka station (located to the south east of Osaka) and onwards to [[Kansai International Airport]] was seen as a means to avoid the congestion of the Tokaido line. It may have served as an alternative route or terminus to Shin-Osaka station for Tokaido line trains, reducing Tokaido line congestion.
A government committee deliberating the proposals decided in April 2016 to narrow the proposed route to three alignments between {{STN|Tsuruga}} and {{STN|Kyoto}} and two alignments between Kyoto and {{STN|Shin-Osaka}} (a northern route through [[Minoh, Osaka|Minoh]] and a southern route through the [[Kansai Science City]]). On 6 March 2017 the government committee announced the chosen route from Kyoto to Shin-Osaka is to be via Kyotanabe, with a station at Matsuiyamate on the [[Katamachi Line]].<ref>http://www.kyoto-np.co.jp/top/article/20170307000013</ref><ref>http://www.news24.jp/articles/2017/03/06/04355784.html</ref> There had previously been discussion of routing the line to {{STN|Tennoji}}, a major terminal in southeast Osaka, which would allow an extension of the line to {{STN|Kansai Airport}}.<ref name="nikkei0426">{{cite news|title=終点は新大阪駅 与党検討委、北陸新幹線延伸で一本化|url=http://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXLASDF25H14_V20C16A4PP8000/?n_cid=kobetsu|accessdate=28 April 2016|work=The Nikkei|date=26 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=北陸新幹線、「けいはんな」通る第３案 京都と大阪間、与党委|url=http://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXLZO99522830R10C16A4LDA000/?n_cid=kobetsu|accessdate=13 April 2016|work=The Nikkei|date=12 April 2016}}</ref>
=== Interim plans ===
In order to extend the benefits of the Hokuriku Shinkansen to stations west of Tsuruga before the line to Osaka is completed, JR West is working in partnership with Talgo on the development of a [[Gauge Change Train]] (CGT), which will be capable of operating under both the 25kV AC electrification used on the Shinkansen and the 1.5kV DC system employed on conventional lines. The six-car train is due to start trials on the Hokuriku Shinkansen and the 1067mm-gauge Hokuriku and Kosei lines in 2017. As part of the project JR West has already begun trials with a purpose-built 180m-long gauge-changer at Tsuruga.<ref>http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/high-speed/talks-begin-on-hokuriku-shinkansen-extension.html?channel=523%20*%20*</ref>
== Conventional lines running parallel to the Hokuriku Shinkansen ==
With the opening of the initial Nagano Shinkansen section in October 1997, the section of the conventional ([[narrow gauge]]) [[Shinetsu Main Line]] running along approximately the same route between {{STN|Karuizawa}} and {{STN|Shinonoi}} was transferred from the control of JR East to a newly established [[Public–private partnership#Japan|third-sector]] railway operating company, [[Shinano Railway]], becoming the [[Shinano Railway Line]].
With the opening of the Hokuriku Shinkansen extension north of Nagano on 14 March 2015, the conventional lines running along approximately the same route were transferred from the control of their respective JR owning companies to newly established third-sector railway operating companies funded primarily by the prefectural and municipal governments through which the lines pass. A total of 252.2 km of route between Nagano and Kanazawa was transferred to four separate operating companies, including 75.0 km of the [[Shinetsu Main Line]] between Nagano and {{STN|Naoetsu}}, and 177.2 km of the [[Hokuriku Main Line]] between Naoetsu and Kanazawa.<ref name="dj371">{{cite magazine |last= Osano|first=Kagetoshi |script-title=ja: 北陸新幹線並行在来線各社の姿 |trans-title= Guide to companies operating conventional lines alongside the Hokuriku Shinkansen |magazine=Tetsudō Daiya Jōhō Magazine |volume = 44|issue = 371 |pages=28–33 |publisher = Kōtsū Shimbun |location = Japan |language= Japanese |date = March 2015}}</ref> Details of the four third-sector operating companies and their respective lines are as shown below.<ref name="dj371"/>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Section !! Length (km) !! Former line name !! Former operating company !! Date transferred !! New line name !! Operating company
|-
| {{STN|Karuizawa}} - {{STN|Shinonoi}} || align=right | 65.1 || rowspan=3|[[Shinetsu Main Line]] || rowspan=3| [[JR East]] || 1 October 1997 || [[Shinano Railway Line]] || rowspan=2|[[Shinano Railway]]
|-
| {{STN|Nagano}} - {{STN|Jōetsumyōkō}} || align=right | 37.3 || rowspan=5|14 March 2015 || [[Shinano Railway Kita-Shinano Line]]
|-
| {{STN|Jōetsumyōkō}} - {{STN|Naoetsu}} || align=right | 37.7 || [[Myōkō Haneuma Line]] || rowspan=2| [[Echigo Tokimeki Railway]]
|-
| {{STN|Naoetsu}} - {{STN|Ichiburi}} || align=right | 59.3 || rowspan=3| [[Hokuriku Main Line]] || rowspan=3| [[JR West]] || [[Nihonkai Hisui Line]]
|-
| {{STN|Ichiburi}} - {{STN|Kurikara}} || align=right | 100.1 || [[Ainokaze Toyama Railway Line]] || [[Ainokaze Toyama Railway]]
|-
| {{STN|Kurikara}} - {{STN|Kanazawa}} || align=right | 17.8 || [[IR Ishikawa Railway Line]] || [[IR Ishikawa Railway]]
|}
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
== ExternalPranala linksluar ==
{{commons category|Hokuriku Shinkansen}}
* [http://www.jreast.co.jp/ JR East website] {{ja icon}}
{{Shinkansen}}
{{Jalur kereta kecepatan tinggi}}
{{East Japan Railway Company Lines}}
{{West Japan Railway Company Lines}}
{{High-speed railway lines}}
{{coord missing|Japan}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategori:HokurikuKereta Shinkansenapi]]
[[Kategori:LinesJalur ofkereta Eastapi Japandi Railway CompanyJepang]]
[[Kategori:LinesPerusahaan ofKereta WestApi JapanJepang Railway CompanyTimur]]
[[Kategori:High-speedPerusahaan railwayKereta linesApi inJepang JapanBarat]]
[[Kategori:Standard gauge railways in JapanShinkansen]]
[[Kategori:1997 establishments in Japan]]
[[Kategori:25 kV AC railway electrification]]
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