David Cameron: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 1:
{{Infobox Officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| name = David Cameron
| honorific-suffix =
| image = David Cameron Official Portrait 2023 (cropped).jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| office = [[
|
|deputy = [[Nick Clegg]] (2010-2015)▼
| term_end =
▲|term_start = 11 Mei 2010
▲|predecessor = [[Gordon Brown]]
| office1 = [[Perdana Menteri Britania Raya]]
▲|successor = [[Theresa May]]
|office2 = [[Pemimpin Oposisi (Britania Raya)|Pemimpin Oposisi Britania Raya]]▼
▲|monarch2 = [[Elizabeth II]]
| 1blankname1 = {{nowrap|[[Sekretaris Negara Pertama|Sekretaris Pertama]]}}
|primeminister2 = [[Tony Blair]]<br />[[Gordon Brown]]▼
| 1namedata1 = {{Ublist|[[William Hague]]<br /> [[George Osbourne]]}}
|term_start2 = 6 Desember 2005▼
|
| term_end1 = 13 Juli 2016
|predecessor2 = [[Michael Howard]]▼
|
| successor1 = [[Theresa May]]
|office3 = [[Menteri Bayangan]] untuk Pendidikan dan Keterampilan▼
▲| office2 = [[Pemimpin Oposisi (Britania Raya)|Pemimpin Oposisi Britania Raya]]
|leader3 = [[Michael Howard]]▼
| monarch2 = [[Elizabeth II]]
|term_start3 = 6 Mei 2005▼
▲| primeminister2 = [[Tony Blair]]<br />[[Gordon Brown]]
|term_end3 = 6 Desember 2005▼
▲| term_start2 = 6 Desember 2005
|predecessor3 = [[Tim Yeo]]▼
| term_end2 = 11 Mei 2010
|successor3 = [[David Willetts]]▼
▲| predecessor2 = [[Michael Howard]]
| successor2 = [[Harriet Harman]]
|term_start4 = 7 Juni 2001▼
|predecessor4 = [[Shaun Woodward]]▼
| term_end3 = 11 Juli 2016
|majority4 = 22.740 (32,5%)▼
| successor3 = Theresa May
|birth_date = {{bda|1966|10|9|df=y}}▼
{{collapsed infobox section begin|last=yes|Jabatan Kabinet Bayangan
|birth_place = [[London]], Britania Raya▼
|titlestyle = border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes
|death_date = ▼
|death_place = ▼
▲|party = [[Partai Konservatif (Britania Raya)|Partai Konservatif]]
|alma_mater = [[Brasenose College, Oxford]]▼
| office5 = Koordinator Tinjauan Kebijakan Konservatif
|religion = [[Gereja Inggris|Anglikan]]▼
| leader5 = [[Michael Howard]]
|signature = ▼
| term_start5 = 6 Mei 2005
| term_end5 = 6 Desember 2005
| predecessor5 = [[Tim Yeo]]
| successor5 = [[David Willetts]]
{{collapsed infobox section end}}
}}
| office6 = [[Anggota Parlemen Britania Raya|Anggota Parlemen]]<br>untuk Witney
'''David William Donald Cameron''' ({{lahirmati|[[London]], [[Inggris]]|9|10|1966}}) adalah mantan [[Perdana Menteri]] [[Britania Raya]] dan juga seorang pemimpin [[Partai Konservatif (Britania Raya)|Partai Konservatif]].▼
| term_start6 = 7 Juni 2001
| term_end6 = 12 September 2016
| predecessor6 = Shaun Woodward
| successor6 = Robert Courts
| birth_name = David William Donald Cameron
▲| birth_date = {{bda|1966|10|9|df=y}}
▲| birth_place = [[London]], Britania Raya
▲| death_date =
▲| death_place =
| party = [[Partai Konservatif (Britania Raya)|Konservatif]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Samantha Sheffield|1996}}
| children = <!-- Kolom ini diisi hanya jumlah anak; hanya nama anak yang secara independen sudah terkenal atau telah memiliki artikelnya di Wikipedia; bila ada rujukan/referensi, uraikan dan tulis pada artikel -->4
| residence =
▲| religion = [[Gereja Inggris|Anglikan]]
▲| signature =
| website =
}}
▲'''David William Donald Cameron, Baron Cameron dari Chipping Norton ''', PC ({{lahirmati|[[London]], [[Inggris]]|9|10|1966}}) adalah [[Menteri Luar Negeri, Persemakmuran, dan Pembangunan Britania Raya]] dan mantan [[Perdana Menteri]] [[Britania Raya]]
Pada tanggal [[24 Juni]] [[2016]], sehari setelah [[Brexit|Referendum Brexit]] yang menentukan nasib keanggotaan [[Britania Raya]] di [[Uni Eropa]], Cameron menyatakan akan mengundurkan diri pada bulan [[Oktober]] [[2016]].<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-36615028 "Brexit: David Cameron to quit after UK votes to leave EU"] di ''[[BBC News]]''</ref><ref>[http://internasional.kompas.com/read/2016/06/24/15262131/pm.cameron.mengundurkan.diri Artikel:”PM Cameron: Inggris Perlu Nakoda Baru” di Kompas.com]</ref>
Pada [[13 Juli]] [[2016]], [[Theresa May]] resmi menggantikan David Cameron sebagai [[Perdana Menteri]] [[Britania Raya]]
Pengunduran diri David Cameron sebagai konsekuensi karena gagal membawa pemilih Inggris untuk memilih tetap bertahan di Uni Eropa, dalam referendum Juni 2016.<ref>[http://internasional.kompas.com/read/2016/07/12/11542961/inggris.bersiap.lantik.may.jadi.perdana.menteri.gantikan.cameron Artikel:”Inggris Bersiap Lantik May Jadi Perdana Menteri Gantikan Cameron”]</ref>
== Masa kecil dan karier ==
Cameron dibesarkan dekat [[Wantage]] di Oxfordshire, anak seorang pialang saham, Ian Donald Cameron. Ia belajar di [[Eton College|Eton]] dan [[Brasenose College]], [[Universitas Oxford|Oxford]]. Gurunya di Oxford, Profesor [[Vernon Bogdanor]], melukiskannya sebagai "salah seorang mahasiswa yang paling cerdas" yang pernah diajarnya, yang pandangan politiknya "moderat dan cukupan Konservatif". Ia lulus pada 1988 dengan hasil yang sangat baik dalam bidang [[Filsafat, Politik, dan Ekonomi]].
Cameron bekerja untuk Departemen Penelitian Konservatif antara [[1988]] dan [[1992]]. Dua hari dalam seminggu ia menggunakan waktunya untuk membantu di kantor perdana menteri di Downing Street. Setelah pemilihan umum ia menjadi Penasihat Khusus pada pemerintahan Konservatif, pertama-tama di kantor Bendahara, dan kemudian di kantor Departemen Dalam Negeri ketika ia bekerja untuk [[Michael Howard]].
Antara [[1994]] dan [[2001]] ia menjadi salah seorang direktur di sebuah kantor swasta, [[Carlton Communications]], dan sampai Agustus [[2005]] ia menjadi direktur non-eksekutif di sebuah perusahaan yang mengelola waralaba bar, Tiger Tiger.
=== Keluarga ===
Cameron menikah dengan [[Samantha Sheffield]] pada [[1996]]; mereka mempunyai dua orang anak, dan saat ini istrinya sedang menantikan anak ketiga mereka. Anak pertama mereka, Ivan, dilahirkan dengan cacat [[lumpuh otak]] dan [[epilepsi]] yang parah. Komentar Cameron tentang berita tentang cacat anaknya itu: "Berita itu menghantam saya seperti sebuah kereta barang ... Untuk sementara waktu saya merasa tertekan karena saya berduka merenungkan perbedaan antara harapan-harapan saya dengan realitas. Tetapi kemudian saya mengatasi semua itu karena ia anak yang luar biasa."
David Cameron adalah saudara sepupu dari wartawan politik dan editor Konservatif, [[Sir Ferdinand Mount, 3rd Baronet]] dan cucu dari [[Sir William Mount, 2nd Baronet]]. Melalui keluarga Mount, ia terkait dengan banyak keluarga bangsawan Inggris, sebagai keturunan dari [[Earl of Denbigh]] ke-7, [[Earl of Ducie]] pertama, [[Henry Herbert, Earl of Carnarvon]] pertama, [[Charles Wyndham, Earl of Egremont]] ke-2, [[Charles Seymour, Duke of Somerset]] ke-6 dan [[Earl of Shrewsbury]] ke-2, seperti yang dibahas [http://groups.google.com/group/alt.talk.royalty/tree/browse_frm/thread/12da4114c17b787e/a76297675c744027?rnum=1&hl=en&_done=%2Fgroup%2Falt.talk.royalty%2Fbrowse_frm%2Fthread%2F12da4114c17b787e%2F2f2557f886f51e16%3Fhl%3Den%26#doc_a76297675c744027 di sini].
His wife is a descendant of [[Charles II of England|King Charles II]] and [[Barbara Villiers]], as well a descendant of King Charles II via his daughter by [[Moll Davies]]. She is also a descendant of [[Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany]] [http://www.genealogics.org]. -->
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Pada [[Pemilihan Umum Britania Raya, 2015|pemilihan umum 2015]] Partai Konservatif berhasil menambah perolehan kursinya, sehingga memperoleh mayoritas di [[Dewan Rakyat Britania Raya|Dewan Rakyat]]. Cameron mempertahankan posisinya sebagai Perdana Menteri.<ref>{{cite web|title=Live election results|url=http://www.theguardian.com/politics/ng-interactive/2015/may/07/live-uk-election-results-in-full|date=7 May 2015|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=8 May 2015}}</ref>
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Cameron, who made his [[maiden speech]] on [[28 June]] [[2001]] [http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200102/cmhansrd/vo010628/debtext/10628-30.htm#10628-30_spnew3], rose quickly through the Conservative ranks. He was appointed a Shadow Minister, Privy Council Office — part of the frontbench team shadowing the [[Leader of the House of Commons]] — in [[June 2003]] and promoted in [[March 2004]] to Shadow Minister for Local Government. In [[June 2004]], he became [[Head of Policy Co-ordination]] for the Conservative Party, and since September 2004 has been a member of the Shadow Cabinet. He was heavily involved in the drafting of the Conservative manifesto for the [[United Kingdom general election, 2005|2005 general election]]. In [[May 2005]], in the post-election reshuffle, he was made Shadow [[Secretary of State for Education and Skills]]. In this post he focused on urging the use of [[synthetic phonics]] in teaching (a policy subsequently adopted by the government), calling for a review of the closure of [[Special School]]s and "returning integrity" to examinations. Cameron has been a loyal follower of the Conservative [[Whip (politics)|Whip]] whilst an MP and in common with his party he supported the [[Iraq]] war.
===Party leadership election===
{{sidebar|'''Election procedure'''
In the first ballot of Conservative MPs, held on [[18 October]] [[2005]], Cameron came second with 56 votes to [[David Davis]]' 62 (though Cameron gained more votes than expected and Davis fewer). [[Liam Fox]] came third with 42 votes, [[Ken Clarke]] last with 38 votes and was eliminated. In the second ballot ([[20 October]] [[2005]]), Cameron came first with 90 votes to David Davis' 57, and Liam Fox was eliminated with 51 [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4360662.stm]. All 198 Conservative MPs voted in both ballots. The next stage was for the Conservative party membership across the country to be polled on whether Cameron or Davis should be Conservative leader.
Cameron was ultimately elected with more than twice as many votes as Davis; Cameron won 134,446 votes from [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] members on a 78% [[turnout]], beating Davis, who received 64,398 votes. Cameron received over half the total number of ballot papers issued.
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Following the Labour victory in the May 2005 General Election, Michael Howard announced his resignation as Conservative leader, and set a lengthy timetable for the [[Conservative Party (UK) leadership election, 2005|leadership election]] to choose his successor, partly to accommodate an attempt to reform the leadership election procedure (which was eventually rejected).
Cameron formally announced that he would be a candidate for the vacancy on [[29 September]] [[2005]]. He gained support from many colleagues including [[Boris Johnson]], Shadow Chancellor [[George Osborne]], then Shadow Defence Secretary and deputy Conservative leader [[Michael Ancram]], [[Oliver Letwin]] and former party leader [[William Hague]]. [http://www.cameroncampaign.org/supporters.html] Despite this prior to the 2005 Conservative Party Conference his campaign had not yet gained significant support. However his speech (delivered without notes, as is his habit) proved a significant turning point in the contest. In the speech he vowed to make people "feel good about being Conservatives again...I want to switch on a whole new generation".
During the leadership election Cameron came under pressure over alleged experience with illegal drugs. At a conference fringe event, when asked if he had taken drugs, he replied: "I had a normal university experience." Pressed on this point during the BBC programme ''[[Question Time (television)|Question Time]]'', he insisted that everyone is allowed to "err and stray" in their past and that everyone is entitled to a private life before politics [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4340328.stm]. He also pointed out that members of the governing Labour Cabinet never answer this question when it is put to them.
Cameron's social background - featuring an aristocratic family, and education at [[Eton]] - was also frequently commented upon during the leadership election, and contrasted with the background of rival contender [[David Davis]], who was brought up on a [[council estate]]. Cameron's victory in the leadership election, by that time widely expected based on opinion polls of Conservative Party members, was announced on [[6 December]] [[2005]], at which point he became [[Conservative Party (UK)|the 26th Leader of the Conservative Party]] and [[Leader of the Opposition|Leader of Her Majesty's Loyal Opposition]], succeeding [[Michael Howard]].
With just four years experience as a Member of Parliament, Cameron is perhaps the most inexperienced parliamentarian to take the leadership of a major British political party since [[William Pitt the Younger]], having spoken from the Opposition [[despatch box]] in the chamber of the House of Commons only four times since his election to Parliament [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,17129-1910941,00.html]. However, Cameron's experience in politics goes back further than as an MP, having previously worked first for the Conservative Party and then as an adviser in John Major's government. As is customary for Opposition leaders who are not already members (for example [[Neil Kinnock]], [[Tony Blair]] and [[Iain Duncan Smith]]) he will shortly be sworn into membership of the [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Council]].
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{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.davidcameronmp.com/ David Cameron MP] - situs web resmi
* [http://www.cameroncampaign.org/ Campaign for David Cameron] situs kampanye resmi pemimpin Partai Konservatif
* [http://www.conservatives.com/tile.do?def=people.person.page&personid=4520 Conservative Party – David Cameron]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} biografi resmi *[http://www.epolitix.com/EN/MPWebsites/David+Cameron/ ePolitix.com — David Cameron] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013163701/http://www.epolitix.com/EN/MPWebsites/David+Cameron/ |date=2008-10-13 }} profil
* [http://politics.guardian.co.uk/person/0,9290,-6188,00.html Guardian Unlimited Politics – Ask Aristotle: David Cameron MP]
* [http://politics.guardian.co.uk/Columnists/Archive/0,9328,649666,00.html David Cameron's Guardian columns (2001-2005)] as Conservative Party diarist
* [http://www.theyworkforyou.com/mp/david_cameron/witney They Work For You – David Cameron MP]
* [http://www.publicwhip.org.uk/mp.php?mpn=David_Cameron&mpc=Witney The Public Whip – David Cameron MP] voting record
* [http://dmoz.org/Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/Society_and_Culture/Politics/Parties/Conservative/MPs/Cameron,_David/ Open Directory Project — ''David Cameron'']{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} directory category
;Berita dan komentar
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/mpdb/html/515.stm BBC News – Head of Shadow Policy Co-Ordination David Cameron] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126004411/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/mpdb/html/515.stm |date=2005-11-26 }} profil 10 Februari [[2005]]
* [[Nick Cohen]], ''[[New Statesman]]'', [[8 Agustus]] 2005, [http://www.newstatesman.com/200508080017 "The birth of Blameron"]
* [http://www.tdpf.org.uk/MediaNews_LatestNews_07_09_05.htm The Independent – Tory contender calls for more liberal drug laws] 7 September 2005
* [http://www.globalisationinstitute.org/blog/0511_cameron_calls_for_enterpriseb.php Cameron calls for enterprise-based approach to development]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.foe.co.uk/campaigns/climate/news/cameron_climate_interview.html David Cameron on climate change] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715041004/http://www.foe.co.uk/campaigns/climate/news/cameron_climate_interview.html |date=2007-07-15 }}
== Referensi ==
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{{succession box|pendahulu=[[Michael Howard]]|jabatan=[[Pemimpin Oposisi (Britania Raya)|Pemimpin Oposisi Britania Raya]]|years=2005-2010|after=[[Harriet Harman]]}}
{{succession box|before=[[Gordon Brown]]|title=[[Perdana Menteri Britania Raya
{{end}}
{{lifetime|1966||Cameron, David}}
{{Perdana Menteri Britania Raya}}
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