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Baris 1: {{bedakan\|Litium}} {{Drugbox \| drug_name = Lithium Baris 21 ⟶ 22: <!-- Clinical data --> \| class = [[Mood stabilizer]] \| uses = [[Bipolar disorder]], [[major depressive disorder]]<ref name=AHFS2015~~>{{cite~~ web\|title=Lithium Salts\|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html\|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists\|accessdate=Dec 1, 2015\|url-status=live\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html\|archivedate=2015-12-08}}</~~ref~~> \| side_effects = [[polyuria\|Increased urination]], shakiness of the hands, increased thirst<ref name=AHFS2015~~>{{cite~~ web\|title=Lithium Salts\|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html\|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists\|accessdate=Dec 1, 2015\|url-status=live\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html\|archivedate=2015-12-08}}</~~ref~~> \| interactions = <!-- notable interactions --> \| pregnancy_AU = D Baris 52 ⟶ 53: \| protein_bound = None \| metabolism = Kidney \| elimination_half-life= 24 h, 36 h (elderly)<ref name=AHFS2015 /> \| elimination_half-life= 24 h, 36 h (elderly)<ref name=AHFS2015>{{cite web\|title=Lithium Salts\|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html\|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists\|accessdate=Dec 1, 2015\|url-status=live\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html\|archivedate=2015-12-08}}</ref> \| excretion = >95% [[kidney]] Baris 63 ⟶ 64: }} '''Litium''', (''Lithium'') atau dikenal juga dengan nama '''garam litium''', adalah senyawa yang digunakan dalam pengobatan psikiatris . <ref name="AHFS2015">{{~~Cite~~cite web\|title=Lithium Salts\|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html\|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists\|~~url-status=live\|access-date~~accessdate=Dec 1, 2015\|~~archive-~~url-status=live\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html\|~~archive-date~~archivedate=2015-12-08}}</ref> Senyawa Litium bisa digunakan untuk mengatasi [[gangguan bipolar]] dan juga membantu pasien dengan [[gangguan depresi mayor]] yang tidak ada perbaikan pasca penggunaan obat [[antidepresan]] . <ref name="AHFS2015~~">{{cite~~ ~~web\|title=Lithium Salts\|url=https:~~//www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html\|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists\|accessdate=Dec 1, 2015\|url-status=live\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html\|archivedate=2015-12-08}}</ref> Penggunaannya litium bisa menurunkan risiko [[bunuh diri]] . <ref name="2013LiPrevSuicide">{{Cite journal\|last=Cipriani\|first=A\|last2=Hawton\|first2=K\|last3=Stockton\|first3=S\|last4=Geddes\|first4=JR\|date=27 June 2013\|title=Lithium in the prevention of suicide in mood disorders: updated systematic review and meta-analysis\|url=https://www.bmj.com/content/346/bmj.f3646.long\|journal=BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)\|volume=346\|pages=f3646\|doi=10.1136/bmj.f3646\|pmid=23814104\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507221354/https://www.bmj.com/content/346/bmj.f3646.long\|archive-date=7 May 2018\|access-date=7 May 2018\|url-status=live}}</ref> Rute pemberian obat melalui oral . <ref name="AHFS2015~~">{{cite~~ ~~web\|title=Lithium Salts\|url=https:~~//www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html\|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists\|accessdate=Dec 1, 2015\|url-status=live\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html\|archivedate=2015-12-08}}</ref> Kejadian efek samping yang umum pada penggunaan obat ini seperti [[poliuria]], [[tremor]], dan meningkatkan rasa haus. <ref name="AHFS2015~~">{{Cite~~ ~~web\|title=Lithium Salts\|url=https:~~//www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html\|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists\|url-status=live\|access-date=Dec 1, 2015\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html\|archive-date=2015-12-08}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html "Lithium Salts"]. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html Archived] from the original on 2015-12-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Dec 1,</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> Efek samping yang serius pada penggunaan obat ini antara lain [[hipotiroidisme]], [[diabetes insipidus]], dan toksisitas litium . <ref name="AHFS2015~~">{{cite~~ ~~web\|title=Lithium Salts\|url=https:~~//www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html\|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists\|accessdate=Dec 1, 2015\|url-status=live\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html\|archivedate=2015-12-08}}</ref> Penggunaan obat ini direkomendasikan untuk dilakukannya pemantauan konsentrasi darah agar mengurangi risiko toksisitas. <ref name="AHFS2015~~">{{cite~~ ~~web\|title=Lithium Salts\|url=https:~~//www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html\|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists\|accessdate=Dec 1, 2015\|url-status=live\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html\|archivedate=2015-12-08}}</ref> Apabila kadarnya terlalu tinggi dalam darah, berpotensi terjadinya diare, muntah, motorik yang buruk, mengantuk, dan [[Tinitus\|telinga berdenging]] dapat terjadi. <ref name="AHFS2015~~">{{cite~~ ~~web\|title=Lithium Salts\|url=https:~~//www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html\|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists\|accessdate=Dec 1, 2015\|url-status=live\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html\|archivedate=2015-12-08}}</ref> Penggunaan untuk ibu hamil bisa membuat masalah pada bayi. <ref name="AHFS2015~~">{{cite~~ ~~web\|title=Lithium Salts\|url=https:~~//www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html\|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists\|accessdate=Dec 1, 2015\|url-status=live\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html\|archivedate=2015-12-08}}</ref> Cukup aman digunakan untuk ibu [[menyusui]] . <ref name="Lithium use while Breastfeeding">{{Cite web\|date=2015-03-10\|title=Lithium use while Breastfeeding\|url=https://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/lithium.html\|publisher=LactMed\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208194527/http://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/lithium.html\|archive-date=8 December 2015\|access-date=1 December 2015\|url-status=live}}</ref> Garam litium masuk klasifikasi sebagai golongan penstabil suasana hati . <ref name="AHFS2015~~">{{cite~~ ~~web\|title=Lithium Salts\|url=https:~~//www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html\|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists\|accessdate=Dec 1, 2015\|url-status=live\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html\|archivedate=2015-12-08}}</ref> Mekanisme kerja dari litium belum diketahui secara pasti. <ref name="AHFS2015~~">{{cite~~ ~~web\|title=Lithium Salts\|url=https:~~//www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html\|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists\|accessdate=Dec 1, 2015\|url-status=live\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html\|archivedate=2015-12-08}}</ref> Di abad 19, senyawa litium digunakan pada penderita asam urat, [[epilepsi]], dan kanker. <ref name="Sne2005">{{Cite book\|last=Sneader\|first=Walter\|date=2005\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cb6BOkj9fK4C&pg=PA63\|title=Drug discovery : a history\|location=Chichester\|publisher=Wiley\|isbn=9780471899792\|edition=Rev. and updated\|page=63\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908170953/https://books.google.com/books?id=Cb6BOkj9fK4C&pg=PA63\|archive-date=2017-09-08\|url-status=live}}</ref> Penggunaan obat ini untuk pengobatan [[gangguan jiwa]] dimulai pada tahun 1948 oleh John Cade di Australia. <ref name="Sne2005"~~>{{cite~~ ~~book\|last1=Sneader\|first1=Walter\|title=Drug discovery : a history\|date=2005\|publisher=Wiley\|location=Chichester\|isbn=9780471899792\|page=63\|edition=Rev. and updated\|url=https:~~//books.google.com/books?id=Cb6BOkj9fK4C&pg=PA63\|url-status=live\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908170953/https://books.google.com/books?id=Cb6BOkj9fK4C&pg=PA63\|archivedate=2017-09-08}}</ref> Litium masuk ke dalam [[Daftar Obat Esensial Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia]] . <ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book\|vauthors=((World Health Organization))\|year=2019\|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019\|location=Geneva\|publisher=World Health Organization\|hdl=10665/325771\|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO\|author-link=World Health Organization\|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Sudah tersedia sebagai [[obat generik]] . <ref name="AHFS2015~~">{{Cite~~ ~~web\|title=Lithium Salts\|url=https:~~//www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html\|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists\|url-status=live\|access-date=Dec 1, 2015\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html\|archive-date=2015-12-08}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html "Lithium Salts"]. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html Archived] from the original on 2015-12-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Dec 1,</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> == Referensi == [[Kategori:Obat dengan cara kerja yang belum diketahui]] [[Kategori:~~Farmasi~~Litium dalam biologi]] ~~[[Kategori:Daftar Obat Esensial Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia]]~~ <references /> [[Kategori:Obat Esensial Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia]] [[Kategori:Obat Esensial Nasional Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Biologi dan farmakologi unsur kimia]] [[Kategori:Obat yang mengandung logam]] [[Kategori:Nefrotoksin]]