USS Indianapolis (CA-35): Perbedaan antara revisi

{{DISPLAYTITLE:USS ''Indianapolis'' (CA-35)}}
[[Berkas:USS Indianapolis (CA-35) underway at sea on 27 September 1939 (80-G-425615).jpg|300px|thumbjmpl|USS ''Indianapolis'' pada 27 September 1939.]]

'''USS ''Indianapolis'' (CL/CA-35)''' adalah sebuah [[kapal jelajahpenjelajah berat]]kelas {{sclass-|Portland|cruiser|0}}kapal daripenjelajah berat kelas Portland]] milik [[Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat]]. Kapal tersebut mengambil nama dari kota [[Indianapolis, Indiana]]. Kapal tersebut adalahmenjadi [[kapal bendera]] dari [[Raymond A. Spruance|LaksamaLaksamana Raymond Spruance]] saat ia mengkomandanimengomandani [[Armada Kelima Amerika Serikat|Armada Kelima]] dalam pertempuran-pertempuran di sepanjang Pasifik Tengah.

Penenggelamannya berujung pada kehilanganinsiden nyawamaritim tunggal terbesar di laut sepanjang sejarah Angkatan Laut ASAmerika Serikat. Pada 30 Juli 1945, setelah sebuah perjalanan berkecepatan tinggi untuk mengirim bagian-bagian dari ''[[Little Boy]]'', (bom atom pertama yang dipakai dalam serangan ke Jepang), ke pangkalan udara Amerika Serikat di [[Tinian]],. kapal tersebut''Indianapolis'' ditorpedo oleh kapal submarinirselam [[Angkatan Laut Kekaisaran Jepang]] {{ship|JapaneseKapal submarineselam Jepang|I-58||2}} saat menuju ke Filipina, dan tenggelam dalam 12 menit. Dari 1,.196 anggota kru yang ada didalamnya, sekitar 300 orang tenggelam dalam kapal tersebut. 900 orang sisanya menghadapi [[hipotermia|kedinginan]], [[dehidrasi]], [[hipernatremia|keracunan air laut]], dan serangan-[[serangan hiu]] saat berada di beberapaatas sekoci dan hampir tanpa [[makanan]] atauataupun [[air]]. Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat baru mengetahui penenggelaman tersebut saat para korban selamatpenyintas diselamatkan empat hari kemudian oleh para kru [[PV-1 Ventura]], saat mereka melakukan patroli rutin. Hanya 317 orang yang selamat.

==Referensi Komandan ==

* {{DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/i/indianapolis-ii.html}}

== Daftar pustaka ==

* {{citation|title=Dictionary of American naval fighting ships / Vol.3, Historical sketches : letters G through K |publisher=[[Department of the Navy]] |location=Washington, D.C. |year=1981 |isbn=978-0160020186 |ref= {{harvid|DANFS|1981}} }}

* {{citation|last=Bauer |first=Karl Jack |last2=Roberts |first2=Stephen S. |title=Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants |publisher=[[Greenwood Press]] |year=1991 |isbn=978-0313262029 |location=[[Westport, Connecticut]]}}

* {{Citation | last=Loynd |first=Ray |year=1978 |title=The Jaws 2 Log |location=London |publisher=W.H. Allen |isbn=0-426-18868-3|ref=harv}}

* {{citation|last=Miller |first=David M. O. |title=Illustrated Directory of Warships of the World |publisher=[[Zenith Press]] |year=2001 |location=New York City |isbn=978-0760311271}}

* {{citation|last=Silverstone |first=Paul |title=The Navy of World War II, 1922–1947 |location=New York City |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0415978989 |year=2007}}

* {{citation|last=Stille |first=Mark |title=USN Cruiser vs IJN Cruiser: Guadalcanal 1942 |publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]] |year=2009 |location=[[Oxford, United Kingdom]] |isbn=978-1846034664}}

* {{cite book| title=The Ships and Aircraft of the U.S. Fleet, Two-Ocean Fleet Edition |author=Fahey, James C.|authorlink=James Charles Fahey|publisher=Ships and Aircraft|year=1941}}

* [[David Harrell|Harrell, David]] (as told by Edgar Harrell). ''Out of the Depths''. 2005. {{ISBN|1-59781-166-1}}

* [[Raymond B. Lech|Lech, Raymond B.]] ''All the Drowned Sailors'', Jove Books, New York, ASIN: B000UE9796

* [[Richard F. Newcomb|Newcomb, Richard F.]] "Abandon Ship!: The Saga of the U.S.S. Indianapolis, the Navy's Greatest Sea Disaster". {{ISBN|0-06-018471-X}}

* {{cite book |author=Stanton, Doug |url=https://books.google.com/?id=oBaI6MnPHxcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Doug+Stanton+In+Harm%27s+Way+ISBN#v=onepage&q=Doug%20Stanton%20In%20Harm%27s%20Way%20ISBN&f=false |title=In Harm's Way: The Sinking of the USS Indianapolis and the Extraordinary Story of Its Survivor |location=New York |publisher=Owl Books |isbn=978-0-8050-7366-9 |date=15 April 2003 |authorlink=Doug Stanton}} [[Publishers Weekly|Publishers Weekly Notable Book Award]]; [[Massachusetts Center for the Book|Massachusetts Book Award]]

== Pranala luar ==

* [http://www.ussindianapolis.us/ USS ''Indianapolis'' Museum] official website

* [http://www.ussindianapolis.org/ USS ''Indianapolis'' Survivors Organization]

* [http://www.maritimequest.com/warship_directory/us_navy_pages/cruisers/pages/uss_indianapolis_ca35_page_1.htm Maritime Quest ''Indianapolis'' Pictures]

* [http://www.researcheratlarge.com/Ships/CA35/1945Kamikaze/ 1945 Kamikaze Damage Report] – filed by Mare Island Naval Shipyard

* [http://www.uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/2565.html Allied Warships: USS ''Indianapolis'' (CA 35), Heavy cruiser of the ''Portland''-class]

* {{cite web |title=USS ''Indianapolis'' Collection, 1898–1991 (Bulk 1945–1946 and 1984–1991), Collection Guide |publisher=Indiana Historical Society |date=13 October 2006 |url=http://www.indianahistory.org/our-collections/collection-guides/uss-indianapolis-collection.pdf |accessdate=2 November 2012 |archive-date=2016-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729071607/http://www.indianahistory.org/our-collections/collection-guides/uss-indianapolis-collection.pdf/ |dead-url=yes }}

* [http://www.indysurvivor.com/ IndySurvivor.com] - website and book by survivor Edgar Harrell, USMC

* Announcement of the Father Thomas Conway Memorial (June 2006). (At [http://www.ussindianapolis.us/ USS ''Indianapolis'' Museum] official website, in the left-hand column, click on "2006 Museum Activities".)

* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-23455951 ''BBC Magazine'']

* {{navsource|04/035/04035|USS Indianapolis}}

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141018232423/http://imagizer.imageshack.us/a/img29/5567/aquitaniadepartsnewyork.jpg USS ''Indianapolis''](decked in flags) and the passenger liner [[RMS Aquitania|''Aquitania'']] at the Statue of Liberty

[[Kategori:IndianapolisMonumen dan tugu peringatan di Indiana]]