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[[Berkas:Artist's_impression_of_the_free-floating_planet_CFBDSIR_J214947.2-040308.9.ogv|jmpl|300x300px|Ilustrasi planet pengembara CFBDSIR J214947.2-040308.9. ]]
'''Planet pengembara''' (dalam bahasa Inggris disebut: ''rogue planet''), adalahyang bendajuga langitdisebut sebesarsebagai planet yangmengambang mengorbitbebas pusat(''free-floating [[galaksi]]planet''/FFP) secaraatau langsung.objek Objekbermassa semacamplanet initerisolasi terlempar(''isolated dariplanetary-mass [[sistemobject''/IPMO), keplanetan]]adalah yangobjek menjadiantarbintang tempat terbentuknyabermassa [[planet]] ini, walaupun terdapat kemungkinan objek ini memangyang tidak pernahterikat mengitarisecara suatugravitasi pada [[bintang]] atau [[katai coklatcokelat]] manapun.<ref name="shostak">Shostak,{{Cite web|last=published|first=Seth (24 February Shostak|date=2005). ''-02-24|title=Orphan Planets: It's a Hard Knock Life''. [http|url=https://www.space.com/ 818-orphan-planets-hard-knock-life.html|website=Space.com], 24 February 2005. Retrieved on 5 February 2009 from http://www.space.com/searchforlife/seti_orphan_planets_050224.html.|language=en|access-date=2024-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite nameweb|date="lloyd">Lloyd, Robin (18 April 2001)2008-10-13|title=SPACE.com -- ''Free-Floating Planets –-- British Team Restakes Dubious Claim''|url=https://web. Spacearchive.com, 18 April 2001. Retrieved on 5 February 2009 from org/web/20081013054054/http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/astronomy/free_floaters_010403-1.html|website=web. {{Webarchivearchive.org|access-date=2024-06-21}}</ref><ref>Author unknown (18 April 2001). ''Orphan 'planet' findings challenged by new model''. [http://astrobiology.nasa.gov/ NASA Astrobiology], 18 April 2001. Retrieved on 5 February 2009 from {{Cite web|urldate=http://astrobiology.arc.nasa.gov/news/expandnews.cfm?id%3D7832009-03-22|title=ArchivedNASA copy- Astrobiology - Latest News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090322091340/http://astrobiology.arc.nasa.gov/news/expandnews.cfm?id=783|archive-datewebsite=22 March 2009|dead-url=yesweb.archive.org|access-date=9 February 20092024-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite [[Bimajournal|last=Kirkpatrick|first=J. SaktiDavy|Galaksilast2=Gelino|first2=Christopher BimaR.|last3=Faherty|first3=Jacqueline Sakti]]K.|last4=Meisner|first4=Aaron sendiriM.|last5=Caselden|first5=Dan|last6=Schneider|first6=Adam diperkirakanC.|last7=Marocco|first7=Federico|last8=Cayago|first8=Alfred memilikiJ.|last9=Smart|first9=R. miliaranL.|date=2021-02-23|title=The planetField pengembara.<ref>[[NeilSubstellar deGrasseMass Tyson]]Function inBased ''[[Cosmos:on Athe SpacetimeFull-sky Odyssey]]''20 aspc referredCensus toof by525 [httpL, T, and Y Dwarfs|url=https://phenomenaiopscience.nationalgeographiciop.comorg/2014article/03/1310.3847/a-guide-to-lonely-planets1538-in-the-galaxy4365/abd107|journal=The NationalAstrophysical Geographic]Journal Supplement Series|volume=253|issue=1|pages=7|doi=10.3847/1538-4365/abd107|issn=0067-0049}}</ref>
Planet-planet pengembara bisa jadi berasal dari sistem keplanetan tempat planet-planet tersebut terbentuk dan kemudian dilontarkan, atau bisa juga terbentuk dengan sendirinya di luar sistem keplanetan. [[Bima Sakti]] sendiri mungkin memiliki milyaran hingga triliunan planet pengembara, sebuah rentang yang mungkin bisa dipersempit oleh Teleskop Antariksa Nancy Grace Roman yang akan datang.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-03-13|title=A Guide to Lonely Planets in the Galaxy – Phenomena: No Place Like Home|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313190543/http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2014/03/13/a-guide-to-lonely-planets-in-the-galaxy/|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2024-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Balzer|first=Ashley|last2=Center|first2=NASA’s Goddard Space Flight|date=2020-08-23|title=“Our Solar System May Be Unusual”: Rogue Planets Unveiled With NASA’s Roman Space Telescope|url=https://scitechdaily.com/our-solar-system-may-be-unusual-rogue-planets-unveiled-with-nasas-roman-space-telescope/|website=SciTechDaily|language=en-US|access-date=2024-06-21}}</ref>
Beberapa planet pengembara mungkin terbentuk dengan cara yang sama seperti bintang, dan [[Persatuan Astronomi Internasional]] mengusulkan agar objek semacam itu disebut "katai sub-coklat".<ref>[http://www.dtm.ciw.edu/boss/definition.html Working Group on Extrasolar Planets – Definition of a "Planet"] Position Statement on the Definition of a "Planet" (IAU) {{Webarchive}}</ref> Contohnya adalah [[Cha 110913-773444]], yang mungkin terlempar dari sistem keplanetannya dan menjadi planet pengembara, atau terbentuk sendirian dan menjadi katai sub-cokelat.<ref name="CNN">[http://edition.cnn.com/2000/TECH/space/10/06/space.planets.reut/index.html Rogue planet find makes astronomers ponder theory]</ref> ▼
▲Beberapa planet pengembara mungkin terbentuk dengan cara yang sama seperti bintang, dan [[Persatuan Astronomi Internasional]] mengusulkan agar objek semacam itu disebut "katai sub- coklatcokelat".<ref>[http://www.dtm.ciw.edu/boss/definition.html Working Group on Extrasolar Planets – Definition of a "Planet"] Position Statement on the Definition of a "Planet" (IAU) {{Webarchive}}</ref> Contohnya adalah [[Cha 110913-773444]], yang mungkin terlempar dari sistem keplanetannya dan menjadi planet pengembara, atau terbentuk sendirian dan menjadi katai sub-cokelat.<ref name="CNN">[http://edition.cnn.com/2000/TECH/space/10/06/space.planets.reut/index.html Rogue planet find makes astronomers ponder theory]</ref>
Pada Desember 2013, diumumkan kemungkinan penemuan sebuah [[bulan luar surya]] yang mengelilingi sebuah planet pengembara.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bennett|first=D.P.|last2=Batista|first2=V.|displayauthors=etal|date=13 December 2013|title=A Sub-Earth-Mass Moon Orbiting a Gas Giant Primary or a High Velocity Planetary System in the Galactic Bulge|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=785|issue=2|pages=155|arxiv=1312.3951|bibcode=2014ApJ...785..155B|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/785/2/155}}</ref>
== Observasi ==
<span data-segmentid="31" class="cx-segment">Ahli astrofisika Takahiro Sumi dari Universitas Osaka di Jepang dan rekan-rekannya, yang membentuk Observasi Microlensing dalam Astrofisika dan kolaborasi Eksperimen Gravitasi Optik Lensa, menerbitkan studi mereka tentang [[ Microlensing|microlensing]] pada tahun 2011.</span> <span data-segmentid="33" class="cx-segment">Mereka mengamati 50 juta bintang di Bima Sakti menggunakan teleskop MOA-II 1,8 meter di [[ Observatorium Mount John|Observatorium Mount John]] Selandia Baru dan teleskop [[Universitas Warsawa]] 1,3 meter di [[ Observatorium Las Campanas|Observatorium Las Campanas]] Chile.</span> <span data-segmentid="37" class="cx-segment">Mereka menemukan 474 insiden microlensing, sepuluh di antaranya cukup singkat untuk menjadi planet seukuran Jupiter tanpa bintang terkait di sekitarnya.</span> <span data-segmentid="38" class="cx-segment">Para peneliti memperkirakan dari pengamatan mereka bahwa ada hampir dua planet pengembara bermassa Jupiter untuk setiap bintang di Bima Sakti. <ref>[http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2011/05/homeless-planets-may-be-common.html?ref=hp Homeless' Planets May Be Common in Our Galaxy] {{Webarchive}} by Jon Cartwright, Science Now, 18 May 2011, Accessed 20 May 2011</ref> <ref>[http://www.physorg.com/news/2011-05-class-planets.html Planets that have no stars: New class of planets discovered], Physorg.com, 18 May 2011. Accessed May 2011.</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=T. Sumi|displayauthors=etal|date=2011|title=Unbound or Distant Planetary Mass Population Detected by Gravitational Microlensing|journal=Nature|volume=473|issue=7347|pages=349–352|arxiv=1105.3544v1|bibcode=2011Natur.473..349S|doi=10.1038/nature10092|pmid=21593867}}</ref></span> <span data-segmentid="39" class="cx-segment">Perkiraan lain menunjukkan jumlah yang jauh lebih besar, hingga 100.000 kali lebih banyak planet pengembara daripada bintang di Bima Sakti. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.stanford.edu/news/2012/february/slac-nomad-planets-022312.html|title=Researchers say galaxy may swarm with 'nomad planets'|date=2012-02-23|publisher=[[Stanford University]]|access-date=29 February 2012}}</ref></span> <span data-segmentid="40" class="cx-segment">Sebuah studi tahun 2017 oleh Przemek Mróz dari Universitas Warsawa Observatory dan rekannya, dengan statistik enam kali lebih besar dari studi 2011, menunjukkan batas atas planet bermassa bebas Jupiter atau planet orbit lebar 0,25 planet per bintang urutan utama di Bima Sakti Cara. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=P. Mroz|displayauthors=etal|date=2017|title=No large population of unbound or wide-orbit Jupiter-mass planets|journal=Nature|volume=548|issue=7666|pages=183–186|arxiv=1707.07634|bibcode=2017Natur.548..183M|doi=10.1038/nature23276|pmid=28738410}}</ref></span>
<span data-segmentid="41" class="cx-segment">Kandidat planet pengembara terdekat termasuk [[ WISE 0855−0714|WISE 0855−0714]] pada jarak {{Val|7.27|0.13}} tahun cahaya. <ref name="Luhman2016">{{Cite journal|last=Luhman|first=Kevin L.|last2=Esplin|first2=Taran L.|date=September 2016|title=The Spectral Energy Distribution of the Coldest Known Brown Dwarf|journal=The Astronomical Journal|volume=152|issue=2|at=78|arxiv=1605.06655|bibcode=2016AJ....152...78L|doi=10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/78}}</ref></span>
== Retensi panas di ruang antar bintang ==
Planet luar suryapengembara menghasilkan sedikit panas dan tidak dipanaskan oleh sebuah bintang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aeon.co/essays/could-we-make-our-home-on-a-rogue-planet-without-a-sun|title=Life in the dark|last=Sean Raymond|date=9 April 2005|publisher=Aeon|language=English|access-date=9 April 2016}}</ref> Pada tahun 1998, David J. Stevenson menduga bahwa beberapa objek seukuran planet di ruang antar bintang mungkin memiliki atmosfer tebal yang membuat permukaannya tidak beku.<ref name="Stevenson 1999">{{Cite journal|last=Stevenson|first=David J.|last2=Stevens|first2=C. F.|date=1999|title=Life-sustaining planets in interstellar space?|journal=Nature|volume=400|issue=6739|page=32|bibcode=1999Natur.400...32S|doi=10.1038/21811|pmid=10403246}}</ref>
== <span data-segmentid="70" class="cx-segment">Planet-planet Pengembarapengembara yang Dikenaltelah ditemukan</span> ==
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<center>
|-
! Eksoplanet
! Massa ({{Massa Jupiter mass|link=y}})
! Usia (Miliarmiliar Tahun)
! Jarak (tahun cahaya)
! Catatan
| [[WISEA 1147]] || 5–13 || 7–13 || 94 || Kandidat || 2016<ref>{{cite journal | title=WISEA J114724.10-204021.3: A Free-floating Planetary Mass Member of the TW Hya Association | first=Adam C. | last=Schneider | date=21 April 2016 | journal=[[Astrophysical Journal Letters]] | volume=822 | issue=1 | page=L1 | doi=10.3847/2041-8205/822/1/L1 | bibcode=2016ApJ...822L...1S | arxiv=1603.07985}}</ref>
|-
| [[OGLE-2012-BLG-1323]] || 0.007245–0.07245 || || || Kandidat || 2017<ref name="Becky Ferreira">{{cite web | url=https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/ev3dkj/rare-sighting-of-two-rogue-planets-that-do-not-orbit-stars | title=Rare Sighting of Two Rogue Planets That Do Not Orbit Stars | publisher=Motherboard | language=English | author=Becky Ferreira | date=9 Nov 2018 | accessdate=10 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="Jake Parks">{{cite web | url=http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/d-brief/2018/11/16/rogue-planets-discovered/#.XEeAI2l7mUk | title=These Two New 'Rogue Planets' Wander the Cosmos Without Stars | publisher=Discover Magazine | language=English | author=Jake Parks | date=16 November 2018 | accessdate=10 February 2019 | archive-date=2018-11-16 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116233740/http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/d-brief/2018/11/16/rogue-planets-discovered/#.XEeAI2l7mUk | dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="astronomy.com">{{cite web | url=http://www.astronomy.com/news/2018/11/rogue-one-and-two | title=Two free-range planets found roaming the Milky Way in solitude | publisher=Astronomy Magazine | language=English | author=Jake Parks | date=15 November 2018 | accessdate=10 February 2019}}</ref>
|-
| [[OGLE-2017-BLG-0560]] || 1.9–20 || || || Kandidat || 2017<ref name="Becky Ferreira"/><ref name="Jake Parks"/><ref name="astronomy.com"/>
| [[OGLE-2017-BLG-0560]] || 1.9–20 || || || Kandidat || 2017<ref>{{cite web | url=https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/ev3dkj/rare-sighting-of-two-rogue-planets-that-do-not-orbit-stars | title=Rare Sighting of Two Rogue Planets That Do Not Orbit Stars | publisher=Motherboard | language=English | author=Becky Ferreira | date=9 Nov 2018 | accessdate=10 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/d-brief/2018/11/16/rogue-planets-discovered/#.XEeAI2l7mUk | title=These Two New 'Rogue Planets' Wander the Cosmos Without Stars | publisher=Discover Magazine | language=English | author=Jake Parks | date=16 November 2018 | accessdate=10 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.astronomy.com/news/2018/11/rogue-one-and-two | title=Two free-range planets found roaming the Milky Way in solitude | publisher=Astronomy Magazine | language=English | author=Jake Parks | date=15 November 2018 | accessdate=10 February 2019}}</ref>
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== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|30em}}{{Eksoplanet}}
[[Kategori:Jenis planet]]
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