'''Bleomisin''' adalah obat yang digunakan untukdalam mengobatipenanganan [[kanker]] .,<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/bleomycin-sulfate.html|title=Bleomycin Sulfate|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=Aug 1, 2015}}</ref> Termasuk diantaranya antara lain [[limfoma Hodgkin]], [[limfoma non-Hodgkin]], [[kanker testis]], [[kanker ovarium]], dan [[Kanker leher rahim|kanker serviks]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Bleomycin Monograph for Professionals|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/bleomycin.html|website=Drugs.com|language=en|access-date=2021-12-30}}</ref> Obat ini Biasanyabiasa digunakan dalam kombinasi dengan obat kanker lainnyalain, obatmelalui ini dapatinjeksi diberikan secara[[Injeksi intravena |intravena]], dengan injeksi ke dalam otot[[Intramuskuler|intramuskular]], atau di bawah kulit[[hipodermis]].<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/bleomycin-sulfate.html|title=Bleomycin Sulfate|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=Aug 1, 2015}}</ref> Obat ini jugaPenggunaannya dapat diberikan dalammelalui paru-paru untuk membantu mencegah munculnya [[Efusi pleura|cairan di sekitar paru-paru ]] akibat kanker .<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/bleomycin-sulfate.html|title=Bleomycin Sulfate|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=Aug 1, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Ag2004">{{Cite journal|last=Shaw|first=P|last2=Agarwal|first2=R|date=2004|title=Pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusions.|journal=The Cochrane database of systematic reviews|issue=1|pages=CD002916|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD002916.pub2|pmid=14973997 }}</ref> walau [[Talk|talkum]] dianggap lebih baik dalam hal ini.<ref name="AHFS2015" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Clive|first=Amelia O|last2=Jones|first2=Hayley E|last3=Bhatnagar|first3=Rahul|last4=Preston|first4=Nancy J|last5=Maskell|first5=Nick|date=2016-05-08|title=Interventions for the management of malignant pleural effusions: a network meta‐analysis|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6450218/|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=2016|issue=5|pages=CD010529|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD010529.pub2|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6450218|pmid=27155783}}</ref> ▼{{Drugbox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 401932982
| IUPAC_name = (3-{[(2'-{(5''S'',8''S'',9''S'',10''R'',13''S'')-15-{6-amino-2- [(1''S'')-3-amino-1-{[(2''S'')-2,3-diamino-3-oxopropyl]amino}-3-oxopropyl] -5-methylpyrimidin-4-yl}-13-[{[(2''R'',3''S'',4''S'',5''S'',6''S'')-3- {[(2''R'',3''S'',4''S'',5''R'',6''R'')-4-(carbamoyloxy)-3,5-dihydroxy-6- (hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2''H''-pyran-2-yl]oxy} -4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2''H''-pyran-2-yl]oxy} (1''H''-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]-9-hydroxy-5-[(1''R'')-1-hydroxyethyl]-8,10-dimethyl-4,7,12,15-tetraoxo-3,6,11,14-tetraazapentadec-1-yl}-2,4'-bi-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)carbonyl]amino}propyl)(dimethyl)sulfonium
| image = Bleomycin A2.svg
| caption = Bleomycin A2
| width = 350
| image2 = Bleomycin ball-and-stick.png
| width2 = 300
<!--Clinical data-->
| tradename = Blenoxane
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|bleomycin-sulfate}}
| MedlinePlus = a682125
| pregnancy_US = D
| pregnancy_category =
| legal_US = Rx-only
| routes_of_administration = intravena, intramuskular, subcutaneous, intrapleural, intratumoral
<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
| bioavailability = well absorbed
| metabolism = ?
| elimination_half-life = 2 jam
| excretion = Ginjal (60-70%)
<!--Identifiers-->
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CAS_number = 11056-06-7
| ATC_prefix = L01
| ATC_suffix = DC01
| PubChem = 456190
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|changed|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB00290
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 401687
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 40S1VHN69B
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}}
| KEGG = D07535
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 22907
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 403664
<!--Chemical data-->
| C=55 | H=84 | N=17 | O=21 | S=3
| molecular_weight = 1415.551
| smiles = CC1=C(N=C(N=C1N)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC[C@@H](C(=O)N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C2=CN=CN2)O[C@H]3[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O3)CO)O)O)O[C@@H]4[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)OC(=O)N)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C)[C@H]([C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCCC5=NC(=CS5)C6=NC(=CS6)C(=O)NCCC[S+](C)C)O
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C55H83N17O21S3/c1-20-33(69-46(72-44(20)58)25(12-31(57)76)64-13-24(56)45(59)82)50(86)71-35(41(26-14-61-19-65-26)91-54-43(39(80)37(78)29(15-73)90-54)92-53-40(81)42(93-55(60)88)38(79)30(16-74)89-53)51(87)66-22(3)36(77)21(2)47(83)70-34(23(4)75)49(85)63-10-8-32-67-28(18-94-32)52-68-27(17-95-52)48(84)62-9-7-11-96(5)6/h14,17-19,21-25,29-30,34-43,53-54,64,73-75,77-81H,7-13,15-16,56H2,1-6H3,(H13-,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,65,66,69,70,71,72,76,82,83,84,85,86,87,88)/p+1/t21-,22+,23+,24-,25-,29-,30+,34-,35-,36-,37+,38+,39-,40-,41?,42-,43-,53+,54-/m0/s1
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = OYVAGSVQBOHSSS-QRQYLRPSSA-O
}}
▲'''Bleomisin''' adalah obat yang digunakan untuk mengobati [[kanker]].<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/bleomycin-sulfate.html|title=Bleomycin Sulfate|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=Aug 1, 2015}}</ref> Termasuk diantaranya [[limfoma Hodgkin]], [[limfoma non-Hodgkin]], [[kanker testis]], [[kanker ovarium]], dan [[Kanker leher rahim|kanker serviks]]. Biasanya digunakan dengan obat kanker lainnya, obat ini dapat diberikan secara intravena, dengan injeksi ke dalam otot atau di bawah kulit.<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/bleomycin-sulfate.html|title=Bleomycin Sulfate|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=Aug 1, 2015}}</ref> Obat ini juga dapat diberikan dalam paru-paru untuk membantu mencegah munculnya cairan di sekitar paru-paru akibat kanker.<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/bleomycin-sulfate.html|title=Bleomycin Sulfate|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=Aug 1, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Ag2004">{{Cite journal|last=Shaw|first=P|last2=Agarwal|first2=R|date=2004|title=Pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusions.|journal=The Cochrane database of systematic reviews|issue=1|pages=CD002916|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD002916.pub2|pmid=14973997}}</ref>
Efek samping umumnya yang umum terjadi termasuk [[demam]], penurunan berat badan, muntah, dan ruam. [[Anafilaksis]] dapat terjadi. Hal iniBleomisin juga dapat menyebabkan [[Pneumonitis|radang paru-paru]] yang dapat mengakibatkan [[Fibrosis paru|jaringan parut paru-paru]]. Sinar- X dada untuk mendeteksi jaringan parut setiap beberapa minggu dianjurkan. Bleomisin dapat membahayakan bayi jika digunakan selama kehamilan. Bleomisin dipercaya bekerja dengan mencegah pembuatan [[Asam deoksiribonukleat|DNA]].<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/bleomycin-sulfate.html|title=Bleomycin Sulfate|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=Aug 1, 2015}}</ref>
Bleomisin ditemukan pada tahun 1962.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=Cb6BOkj9fK4C&pg=PA312|title=Drug discovery : a history|last=Sneader|first=Walter|date=2005|publisher=Wiley|isbn=9780471899792|edition=Rev. and updated|location=Chichester|page=312}}</ref> Obat ini termasuk dalam [[Daftar Obat Esensial Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia]], daftar obat-obatan paling penting yang dibutuhkan pada [[sistem kesehatan]] dasar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/93142/1/EML_18_eng.pdf?ua=1|title=WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines|date=October 2013|website=World Health Organization|access-date=22 April 2014}}</ref> Obat ini tersedia sebagai [[obat generik]].<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/bleomycin-sulfate.html|title=Bleomycin Sulfate|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=Aug 1, 2015}}</ref> Biaya grosir obatSenyawa inibleomisin didihasilkan [[negaraoleh berkembang]] antara USD 14-78 per dosis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://erc.msh.org/dmpguide/resultsdetail.cfm?language=english&code=BLE15I&s_year=2014&year=2014&str=15%20IU&desc=Bleomycin&pack=new&frm=VIAL&rte=INJ&class_code2=08%2E2%2E&supplement=&class_name=%2808%2E2%2E%29Cytotoxic%20and%20adjuvant%20medicines%3Cbr%3E|title=Bleomycin|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=26 August 2015}}</ref> Obat ini dibuat oleh [[bakteri]] ''[[Streptomyces verticillus]]''.<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/bleomycin-sulfate.html|title=Bleomycin Sulfate|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=Aug 1, 2015}}</ref>
== Referensi ==
[[Kategori:Obat Esensial Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia]]
[[Kategori:Senyawa sulfonium]]
[[Kategori:InhibitorPenghambat replikasi DNA]]
[[Kategori:Antibiotik glikopeptida]]
[[Kategori:Obat Esensial Nasional Indonesia]]
[[Kategori:Karsinogen IARC Golongan 2B]]
[[Kategori:Penginterkalasi DNA]]
[[Kategori:Senyawa hidroksimetil]]
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