Observatorium antariksa: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[Berkas:Spitzer, Hubble and XMM-Newton.jpg|jmpl|Observatorium [[angkasa]]: [[Hubble]], [[XMM-Newton]], dan [[Spitzer]]]]

 

 

== Perkenalan ==

Beberapa observatorium telah diluncurkan ke orbit, dan kebanyakan telah memperluas pengetahuan kita tentang [[kosmos]]. Pengamatan [[astronomi]] dari [[Bumi]] dibatasi oleh pemfilteran dan gangguan [[radiasi elektromagnetik]] karena [[atmosfer]] [[Bumi]]. Oleh karena itu mengirim observatorium ke luar angkasa sangat diperlukan. Sebagaimana sebuah [[teleskop]] mengorbit Bumi di luar atmosfer dia tidak kena oleh [[twinkling]] (distorsi karena turbulensi panas udara) atau [[polusi cahaya]] dari sumber cahaya buatan di Bumi. Beberapa teleskop landas bumi (seperti [[Teleskop Keck I dan II]], [[Very Large Telescope]]) dapat menghilangkan efek turbulensi atmosfer dengan bantuan [[optik adaptif]]nya.

 

Astronomi berbasis-angkasa bahkan lebih penting untuk menjangkau frekuensi yang berada di luar [[jendela optik]] dan [[jendela radio]], kedua rentang panjang gelombang dari [[spektrum elektromagnetik]] yang tidak berkurang oleh atmosfer. Contohnya, Pengamatan [[sinar-X]] hampir tidak mungkin bila dilakukan dari Bumi, dan telah mencapai tempat yang penting dalam astronomi hanya karena satelit orbit yang dilengkapi dengan teleskop sinar-X seperti [[Observatorium Chandra]].

 

Observatorium angkasa umumnya dibagi menjadi dua kelas: misi memetakan seluruh langit, dan observatorium yang membuat pengamatan bagian tertentu dari langit.

 

* Teleskop Ruang Angkasa Hubble <!--, now known as [[Hubble Space Telescope]] (HST) is the optical Great Observatory. It was launched to great acclaim and soon after discovered to be flawed. Its main [[mirror]] contained imperfections in its grinding that resulted from a certain production limitation being accounted for twice. It has now been fitted with the equivalent of spectacles to compensate for this.-->

* Observatorium [[Gamma ray]] Compton <!--, since renamed to The [[Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory]], had to be disposed of after several years of productive life. Its [[gyroscope]]s began to fail and when it was down to its last gyroscope, the choice was to risk losing control or destroying the observatory. NASA de-orbited the bus-sized [[satellite]] into the [[Pacific Ocean]] in [[2000]].-->

* Observatorium [[Sinar-X Chandra]] <!--are also represented in the Great Observatories, with the [[Chandra X-ray Observatory]], renamed (from AXAF) in honor of the great Indian astrophysicist [[Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar|Chandrasekhar]]. This has been used to great effect to study distant [[galaxy|galaxies]] and is still operational.-->

* Teleskop Ruang Angkasa Spitzer <!--is the fourth observatory, originally called the Space Infrared Telescope Facility, SIRTF, launched on [[August 24]], [[2003]].-->

 

 

* [[IRAS]]<!--, which performed an all-sky survey in infrared, as well as discovering disks of dust and gas around many nearby [[star]]s, such as [[Fomalhaut]], [[Vega]] and [[Beta Pictoris]]. This ceased functioning in [[1982]] and has since re-entered the atmosphere.-->

* ISO ([[Infrared Space Observatory]])<!--, an ESA ([[European Space Agency]]) mission, followed IRAS and carried out observations at infra-red wavelengths.-->

* IUE ([[International Ultraviolet Explorer]])<!--, an ESA/NASA/UK observatory that was launched in 1978 with a planned lifetime of 3 years. It was eventually switched off in 1996.-->

* [[Solar and Heliospheric Observatory|SOHO]] <!--is a solar observatory that is currently operational and used for the study of the [[Sun]]'s corona and magnetic environments. SOHO has revolutionised our knowledge of the Sun.-->

* [[SCISAT-1]] <!--is a Canadian satellite which observes Earth's upper atmosphere with an optical Fourier transform infrared [[spectrometer]].-->

* [[Uhuru]]<!--, the first ([[1970]]) X-Ray space observatory.-->

* [[HEAO]] (High Energy Astronomy Observatories) <!--[[1st_High_Energy_Astrophysics_Observatory|1]] and 2, subsequent ([[1978]]) X-Ray space observatories.-->

* [[Hipparcos]] <!--was a satellite for measuring stellar [[parallax]]. Despite significant operational problems, it revised the [[Cepheid variable star]] distance scale to great accuracy and has been invaluable for all branches of observational [[astronomy]] by furnishing scientists with extremely accurate "standard candles" for measuring distances.-->

* [[Microvariability and Oscillations of STars telescope|MOST]] <!--was launched in 2003 for the [[Canadian Space Agency]] and it is the smallest space telescope in the world, being the size of a small chest or a very large suitcase. It is expected to last five years.-->

 

 

* [[Herschel Space Observatory]] <!--will be launched by the [[European Space Agency]] in [[2007]] to study the [[far infrared]] and [[submillimeter]] wavelengths.-->

* [[James Webb Space Telescope]] <!--is intended to replace the [[Hubble Space Telescope]] and is planned for launch between [[2009]] and [[2011]].-->

 

* [[Garis waktu satelit buatan dan probe angkasa]]

* [[Garis waktu teleskop, observatorium, dan teknologi observasi]]

 

[[Kategori:Observatorium| ]]