Nakoula Basseley Nakoula: Perbedaan antara revisi

|image = Nakoulabasseleynakoula.jpg

|other_names = {{ubl|Sam Bacile|Mark Basseley Youssef|Yousseff M. Basseley|Nicola Bacily|Robert Bacily|Erwin Salameh|Thomas J. Tanas|Matthew Nekola|Ahmad Hamdy|Amal Nada|Daniel K. Caresman|Sobhi Bushra|Kritbag Difrat|PJ Tobacco|Malid Ahlawi<ref name=PJ>Noah Shachtman with Robert Beckhusen, [http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2012/09/anti-islam-flick/ Anti-Islam Filmmaker Went by ‘P.J. Tobacco’ and 13 Other Names], ''Wired'' Danger Room, September 13, 2012 </ref>}}

'''Nakoula Basseley Nakoula''' (lahir 1957) <ref name="isikoff2012"/> adalah seorang penganut [[Koptik|Kristen Koptik]] berkebangsaan [[Mesir]]-[[Amerika]] yang dikenal sebagai penulis [[skenario]], [[produser]], dan distributor dari film [[Islamofobia|anti-Islam]] ''[[Innocence of Muslims]]''.<ref name="flaccus2012">Flaccus, Gillian (September 12, 2012). [httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20120913234314/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5ifWYKzUPaqJJsJ5aj-58K0JCL1Fg?docId=91c9d18979f24144ba8ea358237f046f California man confirms role in anti-Islam film.] [[Associated Press]]</ref><ref name="nissbaum">Nissbaum, Dion; Oberman, James; Orden, Erica (September 12, 2012). [http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390443884104577647691429314660.html Behind Video, a Web of Questions.] ''[[Wall Street Journal]]''</ref><ref name="smiley">Smiley, Brett (September 13, 2012). [http://nymag.com/daily/intel/2012/09/ap-sam-belice-man-behind-anti-islam-film.html Mystery Man Behind the Anti-Islam Film May Have Been Identified.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916100638/http://nymag.com/daily/intel/2012/09/ap-sam-belice-man-behind-anti-islam-film.html |date=2012-09-16 }} ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]''</ref><ref name="Economy">Economy, Randy (September 13, 2012). [http://www.loscerritosnews.net/2012/09/13/world-media-converge-on-quiet-cerritos-cul-da-sac-in-search-of-anti-islamic-film-maker/ World media converge on quiet Cerritos cul-de-sac in search of Anti-Islamic film maker.] MediaNews Group</ref> Trailer film ini diunggah ke [[YouTube]] pada tanggal 2 Juli 2012,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qmodVun16Q4&feature=plcp&bpctr=1347752210 |title=Muhammad Movie Trailer |publisher=YouTube |date= |accessdate=September 16, 2012}}</ref> dan kemudian dialih-suarakan ke dalam [[bahasa Arab]]. Film ini memicu berbagai aksi protes dan kerusuhan di berbagai kota di dunia, termasuk serangan terhadap diplomatik Amerika Serikat di [[Libya]] yang menewaskan Duta Besar [[Christopher Stevens]].

Nakoula tinggal di [[Cerritos, California]], [[Los Angeles]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Journalists at the Cerritos, Calif., house of Nakoula Basseley Nakoula, who officials said helped create a controversial video.|url=http://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2012/09/14/world/director.html|accessdate=September 14, 2012|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=September 14, 2012}}</ref><ref name="pelisek">Pelisek, Christine (September 13, 2012). [http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/09/13/mohammed-movie-s-mystery-director.html Anti-Muslim Movie Maker a Meth Cooker.] ''The Daily Beast''</ref> bersama putranya yang berusia 21 tahun, Abanoub Basseley, yang juga turut terlibat dalam produksi film ''Innocence of Muslims''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Harriet Ryan and Jessica Garrison|title=Christian charity, ex-con linked to film on Islam|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-filmmaker-20120914,0,6397127.story|accessdate=September 13, 2012|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=September 14, 2012}}</ref>

Dalam sebuah wawancara dengan [[Radio Sawa]] [[Voice of America]], Nakoula mengatakan bahwa ia lulus dari Fakultas Seni di [[Universitas Kairo]].<ref>{{ar}} {{cite web |author=فدوى مساط |url=http://www.radiosawa.com/content/anti-islam-film-maker-talks-to-radio-sawa/211666.html |title=صاحب الفيلم المسيء للإسلام له سجل قضائي وسبقت إدانته في قضايا تزوير في أميركا |publisher=Radiosawa.com |date= |accessdate=September 16, 2012 |archive-date=2012-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915033923/http://www.radiosawa.com/content/anti-islam-film-maker-talks-to-radio-sawa/211666.html |dead-url=yes }} {{Ar icon}}</ref>

Menurut [[Associated Press]], "Sebelum didakwa atas kasus penipuan bank, Nakoula pernah terlibat dalam serangkaian masalah keuangan," termasuk kasus penunggakan pajak sebesar $ 106.000 pada tahun 1997 dan 2006.<ref name="ap120913">[[Associated Press]] (September 13, 2012). [http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012/09/13/us-identifies-anti-muslim-filmmaker/57777522/1 U.S. identifies anti-Muslim filmmaker.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916093102/http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012/09/13/us-identifies-anti-muslim-filmmaker/57777522/1 |date=2012-09-16 }} ''[[USA Today]]''</ref> Nakoula memiliki sebuah [[SPBU]]. Lewat usaha SPBU ini, pemerintah [[California]] menyatakan bahwa ia berutang pajak usaha, bunga dan denda yang berasal dari tahun 1989-1992.<ref name="bensinger2012">Bensinger, Ken; Gottlieb, Jeff (September 13, 2012). [http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2012/09/alleged-anti-muslim-film-producer-convictions-drugs-fraud.html Alleged anti-Muslim film producer has drug, fraud convictions.] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''</ref>

''[[The Daily Beast]]'' melaporkan bahwa Nakoula ditangkap oleh kepolisian Los Angeles pada tahun 1997 setelah terbukti memiliki [[efedrina]] dan [[asam hidrogen]].<ref name="bensinger2012"/> Nakoula didakwa atas tuduhan sengaja memproduksi [[metamfetamina]].<ref name="pelisek"/> Dia mengaku bersalah dan dijatuhi hukuman penjara selama satu tahun di penjara Los Angeles dengan tiga tahun masa percobaan.<ref>''In re Nakoula'', case no. 2:00-bk-28889-BR, U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Central District of California (Los Angeles Div.).</ref><ref name="nagourney2012">Nagourney, Adam (September 13, 2012). [http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/14/us/origins-of-provocative-video-are-shrouded.html Details Emerge on Another Backer of Video.] ''[[New York Times]]''</ref> Menurut keterangan dari [[Los Angeles County District Attorney]], Nakoula melanggar ketentuan hukuman percobaan pada tahun 2002 dan kemudian kembali dijebloskan ke penjara dengan lama hukuman satu tahun.<ref name=huff-inno>{{cite news|last=Makarechi|first=Kia|title='Innocence Of Muslims' Filmmaker Identified By Law Enforcement As Nakoula Basseley Nakoula|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/13/innocence-of-muslims-filmmaker-nakoula-basseley-nakoula_n_1880706.html|accessdate=September 14, 2012|newspaper=[[Huffington Post]]|date=September 13, 2012}}</ref>

Pada tahun 2010, Nakoula kembali didakwa atas kasus penipuan bank di [[California]] dan dijatuhi hukuman 21 bulan [[penjara]] serta denda sebesar $ 794.701.<ref name="flaccus2012">Flaccus, Gillian (September 12, 2012). [http://web.archive.org/web/20120913234314/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5ifWYKzUPaqJJsJ5aj-58K0JCL1Fg?docId=91c9d18979f24144ba8ea358237f046f California man confirms role in anti-Islam film.] [[Associated Press]]</ref><ref>Judgment and Commitment, docket entry 58, June 24, 2010, ''United States v. Nakoula'', case no. 2:09-cr-00617-CAS-1, U.S. District Court for the Central District of California (Los Angeles Div.).</ref> Menurut Asisten Jaksa Jennifer Leigh Williams, Nakoula membuka rekening bank dengan menggunakan identitas curian dan mengakui memiliki seorang anak yang berusia 6 tahun.<ref name=PJ/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/12/nakoula-basseley-nakoula-anti-islam-film_n_1879195.html|title=Nakoula Basseley Nakoula Claims Role In 'Innocence Of Muslims'|publisher=Huffington Post|last=Stephen Braun and Gilian Flaccus|date=September 12, 2012|accessdate=September 12, 2012}}</ref> Nakoula telah meminta seorang penerjemah [[bahasa Arab]] untuk membantunya selama proses persidangannya.<ref name="nagourney2012"/> Nakoula dibebaskan dari penjara dengan pembebasan bersyarat pada bulan Juni 2011 dan tidak diizinkan menggunakan komputer atau [[internet]] selama lima tahun sebelum memperoleh izin dari petugas kepolisian.<ref name="inmatefinder">{{cite news|url=http://www.bop.gov/iloc2/InmateFinderServlet?Transaction=NameSearch&needingMoreList=false&FirstName=Nakoula+&Middle=Basseley&LastName=Nakoula&Race=U&Sex=U&Age=&x=50&y=8|title=Locate a Federal Inmate: Nakoula Basseley Nakoula|publisher=Federal Bureau of Prisons|year= 2012|accessdate =September 12, 2012|archive-date=2012-09-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120916234702/http://www.bop.gov/iloc2/InmateFinderServlet?Transaction=NameSearch&needingMoreList=false&FirstName=Nakoula+&Middle=Basseley&LastName=Nakoula&Race=U&Sex=U&Age=&x=50&y=8|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/09/15/13876716-suspected-anti-islam-filmmaker-questioned-by-federal-probation-officers?lite</ref> Pada akhirnya, ia ditempatkan dalam masa percobaan untuk wilayah negara bagian dan dibebaskan dari status tahanan rumah beberapa minggu sebelum ia mulai memproduksi film ''Innocence of Muslims''.<ref name="smokinggun2012">Staff report (September 13, 2012). [http://www.thesmokinggun.com/file/nakoula-charges Anti-Islam Film's Producer Is On Federal Probation.] ''The Smoking Gun''</ref>

== ''Innocence of Muslims'' ==

Nakoula pada awalnya mengidentifikasi dirinya kepada [[wartawan]] sebagai seorang warga [[Yahudi]] [[Israel]] bernama '''Sam Bacile''', dan mengakui bahwa ia mengumpulkan dana sebesar $5 juta dari teman-teman Yahudi nya untuk membiayai pembuatan film.<ref>[http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/family-anti-islam-filmmaker-joins-hiding/story?id=17255528]</ref> Meskipun Nakoula kemudian membantah bahwa ia merupakan sosok asli dari "Sam Bacile", [[Associated Press]] melaporkan bahwa nomor ponsel yang digunakan "Bacile" selama prosesi wawancara cocok dengan alamat Nakoula.<ref name="carroll">Carroll, Rory (September 12, 2012). [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/sep/13/anti-islamic-film-us-nakoula Anti-islamic film search leads to coptic Christian in California.] ''[[The Guardian]]''</ref><ref name="peralta">Peralta, Eyder (September 12, 2012). [http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2012/09/12/161003427/what-we-know-about-sam-bacile-the-man-behind-the-muhammad-movie What We Know About 'Sam Bacile,' The Man Behind The Muhammad Movie.] [[NPR]]</ref><ref name="gazzar">Gazzar, Brenda; Scauzillo, Steve (September 12, 2012). [http://www.sgvtribune.com/news/ci_21530557/movie-that-set-off-violence-middle-east-produced Movie that set off violence in Middle East produced by Duarte nonprofit.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915104540/http://www.sgvtribune.com/news/ci_21530557/movie-that-set-off-violence-middle-east-produced |date=2012-09-15 }} ''San Gabriel Valley Tribune''</ref> Seorang petugas berwenang anonim mengidentifikasi Nakoula sebagai tokoh kunci yang terlibat dalam pembuatan film ''Innocence of Muslims''.<ref name="huff-inno"/><ref name="sullivan2012">Sullivan, Eileen, and Stephen Braun. ''[http://www.usnews.com/news/us/articles/2012/09/13/california-man-confirms-role-in-anti-islam-film?vwo=501cd APNewsBreak: US identifies anti-Muslim filmmaker].'' [[Associated Press]]. September 14, 2012.</ref><ref name="huff-inno"/> Polisi kemudian dikirim untuk melindungi Nakoula setelah dia terbukti sebagai orang yang bertanggungjawab atas film tersebut. Nakoula juga dilaporkan ketakutan akan adanya pembalasan dari massa yang marah.<ref>Bates, Daniel, Lydia Warren, and Hugo Daniel. [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2202462/Nakoula-Basseley-Nakoula-Innocence-Muslims-producer-gets-police-protection.html?ito=feeds-newsxml Police sent to protect Coptic Christian who is 'scared of retaliation' after he is named as man behind Mohammed movie that led to death of US ambassador in Libya]. ''[[Daily Mail]]'' September 13, 2012.</ref> Menurut pengakuan Nakoula, sebagian besar film tersebut difilmkan dirumahnya.<ref>{{cite news|last=Adam Nagourney and Serge F. Kovaleski|title=Man of Many Names Is Tied to a Video|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/14/us/origins-of-provocative-video-are-shrouded.html?_r=2|accessdate=September 14, 2012|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=September 13, 2012}}</ref> Pihak berwenang juga menyatakan bahwa Nakoula menulis skenario film tersebut saat ia berada di penjara. Ia kemudian memproduksi film itu bersama putranya, Abanob Basseley, dan biaya produksinya (antara $50,000 - $60,000) berasal dari keluarga istrinya di [[Mesir]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Richard Esposito, Brian Ross|title=Anti-Islam Film Producer Wrote Script in Prison: Authorities|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/anti-islam-film-producer-wrote-script-prison-authorities/story?id=17230609|accessdate=September 14, 2012|newspaper=[[ABC News]]|date=September 13, 2012}}</ref> Pada tanggal 15 September 2012, pemerintah negara bagian California mendakwa Nakoula atas pelanggaran ketentuan hukuman masa percobaan yang terkait dengan penggunaan internet untuk mendistribusikan film ''Innocence of Muslims''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5iLwXMNDeULX-1d6q-brw0Gk7klSA?docId=b3afbd330d91420e8cf70cbb62d6b6ca|title=Probation department looking at filmmaker|author=Pete Yost|agency=Associated Press|date=Sep 14, 2012}}{{Pranala mati|date=Desember 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/sep/15/us-police-question-film-maker|title=US police question film-maker linked to controversial anti-Islam movie|author=Paul Harris|newspaper=UK Guardian|date=Sep 15, 2012}}</ref>

* [http://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4DjVszAn4GAyzgsjtkJONg/videos?flow=grid&view=0 Channel YouTube "sam bacile"]

[[Kategori:kelahiranKelahiran 1957]]