Fairfax Harrison: Perbedaan antara revisi

| name = Fairfax Harrison

| image = Fairfax-harrison-1913 Harrison.jpg

| imagesize = 220px

| alt = Black and white photograph of a middle-aged man in a dark suit and white shirt

| caption = Fairfax Harrison, diambil sebelum 1913

| pseudonym = A Virginia Farmer<ref name=Obit/>

| birth_name = Reginald Fairfax Harrison

| birth_date = {{birth date|1869|3|13}}

| birth_place = [[New York City]]

| death_date = {{death date and age|1938|2|2|1869|3|13}}

| death_place = [[AlexandriaBaltimore, VirginiaMaryland]]

| occupation = Presiden perusahaan kereta api

| language = [[Bahasa Inggris]]

| nationality = [[Amerika Serikat]]

| education = [[Magister Arts|MA]]

| alma_mater = [[Universitas Yale]]<br />[[Universitas Columbia]]

| genre = Sejarah

| subject = ''Thoroughbred'', sejarah lokal Virginia, genealogi

| notableworks = ''Proprietors of the Northern Neck''; ''Landmarks of Old Prince William''; ''Background of the American Stud Book''; ''Early American Turf Stock''

| spouse =

| children =

| relatives =

| signature =

| signature_alt =

'''Fairfax Harrison''' (nama lengkap '''Reginald Fairfax Harrison''':<ref name=Yaleobit/> {{lahirmati||13|3|1869||2|2|1938}}) adalah seorang [[pengacara]], [[pengusaha]], dan [[penulis]] asal [[Amerika Serikat]]. Ia adalah anak dari sekretaris [[Konfederasi Amerika|Presiden Konfederasi]] [[Jefferson Davis]], Harrison belajar hukum di [[Universitas Yale]] dan [[Universitas Columbia]] sebelum menjadi pengacara untuk [[Southern Railway Company]] pada tahun 1896. Pada 1906 ia wakil presiden Souther bidang keuangan, dan pada tahun 1907 ia membantu mengumpulkan dana cadangan untuk menjaga agar perusahaan mampu membayar utang. Pada tahun 1913 ia terpilih sebagai presiden perusahaan Southern, di mana ia mengadakan sejumlah reformasi dalam cara beroperasi perusahaan.

Pada 1916, di bawah kepemimpinan Harrison, Southern telah memperluas jaringannya sepanjang 8.000 mil (13.000 &nbsp;km) di 13 negara bagian, merupakan yang terbesar sampai 1950-an. Setelah [[Amerika Serikat]] masuk ke [[Perang Dunia I]], pemerintah federal mengambil alih kereta api pada bulan Desember tahun 1917, mereka dijalankan melalui [[Administrasi Kereta Api Amerika Serikat]], di mana Harrison juga bertugas. Ledakan ekonomi setelah perang membantu perusahaan untuk memperluas operasinya; Harrison bekerja untuk meningkatkan hubungan publik kereta api dan untuk meningkatkan saham lokomotif dengan memperkenalkan mesin yang lebih kuat. Perhatian lainnya adalah untuk meningkatkan jumlah jalur kereta api dan untuk memperluas wilayah yang dilayani oleh kereta api. Harrison berjuang untuk menjaga kereta api tetap bertahan selama [[Depresi Besar]], dan pada tahun 1936 Southern sekali lagi menunjukkan keuntungan. Harrison pensiun pada tahun 1937, berniat untuk fokus pada hobinya menulis tentang subjek sejarah termasuk pada akar kuda [[Thoroughbred]] Amerika, tapi dia meninggal tiga bulan kemudian pada bulan Februari 1938.

== Latar belakang dan awal kehidupan ==

Harrison lahir di [[Kota New York]] pada tanggal [[13 Maret]] [[1869]], dari pasangan [[Burton Harrison]] dan [[Constance Cary Harrison]].<ref name=Bryan/> Burton menjadi sekretaris pribadi [[Jefferson Davis]], [[Presiden Konfederasi Amerika]] selama [[Perang Saudara Amerika]], dan Constance juga seorang novelis.<ref name=Southern48>Davis ''Southern Railway'' p. 48</ref> Saudara laki-laki Harrison, [[Francis Burton Harrison]], adalah [[Gubernur Jenderal Filipina]] dari tahun 1913 hingga tahun 1921. Saudara laki-lakinya yang lain, Archibald, dan tiga saudara laki-lakinya yang lain kuliah di [[Universitas Yale]]. Fairfax Harrison lulus dari Yale pada tahun 1890; ia adalah anggota masyarakat rahasia ''[[Skull and Bones]]''.<ref name=Yaleobit>Yale University "[http://mssa.library.yale.edu/obituary_record/1925_1952/1937-38.pdf Obituary Record of Graduates of Yale University Deceased during the Year 1937–1938] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014235306/http://mssa.library.yale.edu/obituary_record/1925_1952/1937-38.pdf |date=2022-10-14 }}" ''Bulletin of Yale University'' pp. 56–57</ref> Ia kuliah di [[Universitas Columbia]], untuk mendapatkan gelar [[Magister]] Sastra.<ref name=SwemLib>Swem Library staff "[http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/?p=core/search&creatorid=893 Harrison, Fairfax] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728051628/http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/?p=core/search&creatorid=893 |date=2011-07-28 }}" ''Special Collections Research Center''</ref>

==Karir Karier di kereta api ==

=== Awal karirkarier ===

Harrison diterima di New York State bar pada tahun 1892 dan bekerja untuk firma hukum Bangs, Stetson, Tracy & MacVeagh dari tahun 1892 hingga tahun 1896.<ref name=Yaleobit/> Ia bergabung dengan Southern Railway Company pada Mei 1896 sebagai pengacara, kemudian menjadi asisten dari presiden perusahaan pada tahun 1903.<ref name=Bryan/> Ia menjabat sebagai wakil presiden yang bertanggung jawab atas keuangan dan akuntansi dari tahun 1906.<ref name=Southern48/> Selama [[Kepanikan 1907]], Harrison berhasil membujuk [[J. P. Morgan]] untuk membeli obligasi di Southern untuk menjaga agar perusahaan dapat bertahan.<ref name=Bryan>Bryan "Fairfax Harrison" ''Virginia Magazine of History and Biography'' pp. 153–157</ref>

===Perang DuniaReferensi I===

* {{cite book |author=Davis, Burke |title=The Southern Railway: Road of the Innovators |url=https://archive.org/details/southernrailwayr00davi|publisher=University of North Carolina Press |location=Chapel Hill, NC |year=1985 |isbn=0-8078-1636-1}}

* {{cite book |author=Google Books staff |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=m8jtGAAACAAJ&dq=A+selection+of+the+letters+of+Fairfax+Harrison|title=Entry for ''A Selection of the Letters of Fairfax Harrison'' |publisher= Google Books |accessdate=November 18, 2009}}{{Pranala mati|date=Juni 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

* {{cite book |author=Podeschi, John B. |title=Books on the Horse and Horsemanship: Riding, Hunting, Breeding & Racing 1400–1941 |series=Sport in Art and Books: The Paul Mellon Collection |publisher=The Tate Gallery |location=London |year=1981 |isbn=0-905005-53-8}}

* {{cite web |author=Southern Civil War Museum staff |url=http://www.southernmuseum.org/archives/FairfaxHarrison1931.pdf |title=Southern Railway Historical Association Collection of Southern Railway President’s Files: Fairfax Harrison, 1931 |publisher=Southern Civil War Museum |format=pdf |accessdate=November 18, 2009 |archiveurl=httphttps://replayweb.waybackmachinearchive.org/web/20090106051714/http://southernmuseum.org/archives/FairfaxHarrison1931.pdf |archivedate=January2009-01-06 6,|dead-url=no 2009}}

* {{cite web |author=Swem Library staff |title= Fairfax Harrison Papers, 1736–1945 |publisher=College of William and Mary |work=Special Collections Research Center |url=http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/?p=collections/controlcard&id=7446 |accessdate=November 18, 2009 |archive-date=2010-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100810135736/http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/?p=collections/controlcard&id=7446 |dead-url=no }}

* {{cite web |author=Swem Library staff |title=Harrison, Fairfax |publisher=College of William and Mary |work=Special Collections Research Center |url=http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/?p=core/search&creatorid=893 |accessdate=November 18, 2009 |archive-date=2011-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728051628/http://scrc.swem.wm.edu/?p=core/search&creatorid=893 |dead-url=no }}

* {{cite journal |author=Time Magazine staff |url= http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,848824,00.html |journal =Time Magazine |date=February 14, 1938 |title=Milestones |accessdate=November 18, 2009 |archive-date=2013-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502091729/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,848824,00.html |dead-url=yes }}

* {{cite journal |author=Time Magazine staff |url= http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,848828,00.html |journal =Time Magazine |date=February 14, 1938 |title=The Press: Painful Pictures |accessdate=November 18, 2009 |archive-date=2013-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502092024/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,848828,00.html |dead-url=yes }}

* {{cite journal |author=Time Magazine staff |url= http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,882920-2,00.html |journal =Time Magazine |date=November 1, 1937 |title=South Server |accessdate=November 18, 2009 |archive-date=2012-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104115229/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,882920-2,00.html |dead-url=yes }}

* {{cite web |author=University of Virginia Library staff |url=http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/published/uva-sc/viu03510.admin |title=A Guide to the Fairfax Harrison Papers |work=Special Collections |publisher=University of Virginia Library |accessdate=November 18, 2009 |archive-date=2011-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716120155/http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/published/uva-sc/viu03510.admin |dead-url=no }}

* {{cite book |author=Willett, Peter |title=The Classic Racehorse |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |location=Lexington, KY |year=1982 |isbn=0-8131-1477-2 }}

* {{cite journal |author=Yale University | url=http://mssa.library.yale.edu/obituary_record/1925_1952/1937-38.pdf | title=Obituary Record of Graduates of Yale University Deceased during the Year 1937–1938 |journal= Bulletin of Yale University |volume= 35 |number= 12 | date=March 1, 1939 | accessdate=April 20, 2011 |pages=56–57 |archive-date=2022-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014235306/http://mssa.library.yale.edu/obituary_record/1925_1952/1937-38.pdf |dead-url=no }}

== Pranala luar ==

* [http://openlibrary.org/a/OL114205A/Harrison_Fairfax Open Library listing of Harrison's works] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230717113805/https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL114205A/Harrison_Fairfax |date=2023-07-17 }}

{{s-bef| before= [[William W. Finley (Southern Railway)|William W. Finley]]}}

{{s-ttl| title=Presiden [[Southern Railway (AS)|Southern Railway]]| years=1913–1937}}

{{s-aft| after=[[Earnest E. Norris]]}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=50489797|LCCN=n/78/085456}}