Kent Hovind: Perbedaan antara revisi
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'''Kent E. Hovind''' (lahir 15 Januari [[1953]]) adalah seorang penginjil dari [[Amerika Serikat]] pendukung aliran "[[Kreasionisme Bumi muda]]". Hovind sering berbicara dalam bidang ''creation science'' ("sains penciptaan") dan bertujuan untuk meyakinkan
Hovind mendirikan ''Creation Science Evangelism'' (CSE) pada tahun 1991, dan sering berbicara mengenai topik Young Earth creationism pada seminar-seminar di sekolah-sekolah swasta, gereja-gereja, serta mengambil bagian dalam debat langsung maupun pada siaran televisi dan radio dan live streaming.
== Riwayat ==
Pada tanggal 9 Februari 1969, pada usia 16 tahun, Hovind menjadi orang [[Kristen]] yang lahir kembali.<ref name="affidavit1998"/> Pada tahun 1971, lulus dari [[Sekolah menengah atas|Sekolah Menengah Atas]] "East Peoria Community High School". Ia mencapai tiga gelar [[sarjana]] dalam bidang pendidikan Kristen (1974, 1988, 1991) dari institusi yang tak terakreditasi. Pada tahun 1989, ia pindah ke [[Pensacola, Florida]]<ref>{{cite news
Antara tahun 1975 dan 1988, Hovind menjadi asisten pastor dan guru pada tiga sekolah swasta Baptis, termasuk satu yang dimulainya,<ref name="affidavit1998">Search "Kent Hovind" in [http://www.escambiaclerk.com/clerk/coc_online_public_records.aspx Escambia County Florida Clerk of the Circuit Court] for Instrument 2005406964, Affidavit 08/10/2005, also available online at [[s:Kent Hovind 2005 Affidavit|Kent Hovind 2005 Affidavit]].</ref> sehingga ia tidak diminta untuk mempunyai kredensial mengajar atau kualifikasi akreditasi.<ref>{{cite news
=== Pendidikan ===
[[
Setelah lulus sekolah menengah atas pada tahun 1971 dari "East Peoria Community High School" di [[East Peoria, Illinois]], dari tahun 1972 sampai 1974, Hovind belajar pada "Midwestern Baptist College" dan meraih gelar "Bachelor of Religious Education".<ref name="affidavit1998" /> Pada tahun 1988 Hovind meraih gelar "Master", dan tahun 1991 gelar "Doktor" melalui korespondensi dari "Patriot University" di [[Colorado Springs, Colorado|Colorado Springs]], [[Colorado]] (sekarang "Patriot Bible University" in [[Del Norte, Colorado|Del Norte]], Colorado, yang tidak lagi memiliki program ini).<ref name="HovindWhereDidYou">{{cite news
Terhadap kritik mengenai pendidikan dan kualifikasinya, Hovind mengatakan bahwa para kritikusnya menggunakan argumen "''[[ad hominem]]''" (menyerang penyampai berita bila tidak suka beritanya),<ref name="HovindWhereDidYou" /> dan Patriot University mengeluarkan komentar yang
=== Creation Science Evangelism dan Creation Today ===
Kent Hovind memulai "Creation Science Evangelism" (CSE) pada tahun 1991<ref name="CSE1991">Hovind wrote his interest in the "creation/evolutionism subject led me to start Creation Science Evangelism in 1991." {{cite news
Pada bulan Mei 1999, Eric Hovind, putra Kent Hovind, bergabung ke dalam "Creation Science Evangelism" dan putri Hovind, Marlissa, mengikuti latihan untuk menjadi sekretarisnya.<ref name="EricJoins1999"/> Ketika pada bulan Januari 2007, Kent Hovind dihukum penjara 10 tahun karena 58 dakwaan sehubungan dengan urusan pajak, Eric Hovind mengumumkan ia menjalankan "Creation Science Evangelism" selama ayahnya di penjara.<ref>{{cite news
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In February 2008, Eric Hovind signed a letter on behalf of God Quest Ministries for the [[Family Policy Council|Florida Family Policy Council]] to the [[Florida Board of Education]] opposing the statement: "Evolution is the fundamental concept underlying all of biology and is supported by multiple forms of scientific evidence."<ref>{{cite news |
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Pada tahun
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===Dinosaur Adventure Land===
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{{Commons category|Dinosaur Adventure Land}}
In 2001, Hovind started Dinosaur Adventure Land, a young Earth creationist [[theme park]] located behind Hovind's home in [[Pensacola, Florida|Pensacola]], [[Florida]]. The park depicts humans and dinosaurs co-existing in the last 4,000–6,000 years and also contains a depiction of the [[Loch Ness monster]].<ref>{{cite news |
The venture has encountered legal issues, as the owners failed to acquire a [[building permit]] for the park (see below). In 2008 Eric Hovind and [[Glen Stoll]] attempted to prevent the forfeitures of Hovind's ten properties, including Dinosaur Adventure Land, in connection with Kent Hovind's federal tax problems.<ref name="DALex">{{cite news |url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1713624411.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Mar+20%2C+2008&author=Kris+Weowsky&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=Feds+still+looking+to+force+Kent+Hovind%27s+Dinosaur+Adventure+Land+into+extinction |title=Feds still looking to force Dinosaur Adventure Land into extinction |publisher=[[Pensacola News Journal]] |date=March 20, 2008 |accessdate=2012-10-19}}</ref> The government sought the property, deeded to Stoll and Eric prior to Hovind's convictions, since cash that Hovind withdrew from his bank accounts cannot be recovered. In July 2009, the courts ruled that the properties could be seized and sold to satisfy Hovind's federal tax debts.<ref name="pnjruling">{{cite news |
===Earnings and assets===
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{{Wikisource|Kent Hovind Property Seizure Ruling}}
According to the IRS, Hovind reportedly earned $50,000 a year through speaking engagements and, in 2002 alone, CSE sold more than $1.8 million in merchandise.<ref>{{cite news |title=IRS agent testifies in Hovind trial, Case could go to jury Thursday |
Prior to his prison term, Kent Hovind also owned at least 10 properties, including DAL.<ref name="JoLawBreaker">{{cite news |
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== Kreasionisme ==
=== "Teori Hovind" ===
Hovind merangkum versinya mengenai topik [[Kreasionisme Bumi muda]] dalam judul "Teori Hovind" ("''Hovind Theory''") yang menurutnya dikumpulkan dari berbagai sumber [[kreasionisme]].<ref>Kent Hovind "Part 6, The Hovind Theory" (Creation Science Evangelism, 2002)(Video)</ref><ref name="FalseReligion">{{cite news
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=== Kritik ===
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About the Hovind theory in particular:
*Karen Bartelt, a chemist, commented that Hovind's "message appeals to those who are unaware that his 'evidence' is without merit."<ref name="HovindFairyTales?">{{cite news |
*Furthermore, the plausibility of the Hovind Theory has been criticized by both scientists and other young Earth creationists.<ref>{{cite news |
Pandangan-pandangan Hovind
▲Hovind's ideas have been published in the controversial [[Chick Tracts]], comic strips intended to convert people to [[fundamentalist Christianity]].<ref>Chick Tracts, [http://www.chick.com/reading/tracts/0055/0055_01.asp Big Daddy?] and [http://www.chick.com/bc/2000/dinosaurs.asp Author Claims Some Dinosaurs Live Today!]</ref>
▲--><!--
=== Tawaran $250,000 ===
Menurut Hovind, ia menawarkan uang $10,000 pada tahun 1990<ref>{{cite news
{{quotation|Saya memberikan tawaran terbuka $250,000 kepada barangsiapa yang dapat memberikan bukti empiris (bukti ilmiah) apa saja bagi evolusi. Tawaranku sebesar $250,000 menunjukkan bahwa
<nowiki>*</nowiki>CATATAN: Ketika saya mengunakan kata "evolusi", saya tidak merujuk kepada variasi minor yang ditemukan pada semua bentuk kehidupan (yaitu "evolusi mikro" atau "''microevolution''"). Saya merujuk kepada teori umum evolusi yang percaya bahwa lima peristiwa besar ini terjadi tanpa Allah:
:''1. Waktu, ruang dan zat muncul dengan sendirinya.
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Critics view this offer to be spurious because of the conditions which Hovind imposes. The '[[Evolution as fact and theory|theory of evolution]]' as defined by Hovind covers not only the process of evolution but also [[abiogenesis]], [[astrophysics]], and [[cosmology]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/hovind.html|title=Kent Hovind's $250,000 Offer|publisher=[[Talk Origins Archive]]|first=John|last=Pieret|date=2002-07-18|accessdate=2009-06-18}}</ref> Also, unlike Hovind, scientists in the field of evolutionary biology do not distinguish between micro- and macro-evolution as distinct processes, instead contending that evolution takes place as microevolution, and that macroevolution is cumulative microevolution.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://atheism.about.com/od/evolutionexplained/a/micro_macro.htm|title=Microevolution vs Macroevolution|publisher=About.com|first=Austin|last=Cline|accessdate=2009-06-18}}</ref>
In 2001, biologist [[Massimo Pigliucci]] attempted to collect Hovind's prize.<ref>{{cite news |
The winter 2005 issue of ''[[Skeptic (U.S. magazine)|Skeptic]]'' included an article titled "Doubting Dr. Dino" by Adam Kisby.<ref name="DoubtDrDino">{{cite news |
Hovind has repeatedly declined written debates where his claims would be scrutinized by scientists, for example, when offered by [[Dave Thomas (physicist)|Dave Thomas]]<ref>{{cite news |
==Criticism==
===From creationists===
Hovind has been criticized by other creationists, including [[young Earth creationists]] and [[old Earth creationists]], who believe that many of his arguments are invalid and, consequently, undermine their causes. Disagreements over how to respond to Hovind's claims have themselves contributed to acrimony between creationist organizations. The Australian and U.S. arms of [[Answers in Genesis]] (AiG) were critical of Hovind<ref name="AiGresponse">{{cite news |
Creationist astronomer [[Hugh Ross (creationist)|Hugh Ross]], of ''Reasons To Believe'', debated Hovind on the [[age of the Earth]] during the [[John Ankerberg|John Ankerberg Show]], televised nationally on the [[Inspiration Network]] in September through October 2000.<ref>{{cite news |
Hovind has stated that [[carbon dating]] – a method used by scientists to estimate the age of various objects and events – is unreliable.<ref>{{cite news |
===From non-creationists===
Prior to his convictions, Hovind debated atheists, non-[[Young-Earth creationism|YEC]] Christians, skeptics, and scientists. In May 2004, [[Michael Shermer]] debated Hovind in front of a predominantly [[creationist]] audience. In Shermer's online reflection, while claiming he won the debate with intellectual and scientific evidence, he felt it was "not an intellectual exercise," but rather it was "an [[emotional]] drama."<ref name="ShermerHovind">{{cite news |
Hovind was criticized for his involvement with [[Arkansas House of Representatives|Arkansas state Representative]] [[Jim Holt (Arkansas politician)|Jim Holt]]'s Anti-Evolution Bill in 2001 (House Bill 2548).<ref name="Hovindconnection">Don Michael, "The Hovind connection: Check your facts, legislators." ''Northwest Arkansas Times''. April 05, 2001</ref><ref>{{cite news |
Critics charge that Kent Hovind's presentations on creation and evolution are a mix of [[Christian Fundamentalism]] and [[conspiracy theory|conspiracy theories]].<ref name="ShermerHovind" /> The [[Southern Poverty Law Center]] (SPLC) has criticized Hovind because of his selling of books such as [[Des Griffin]]'s ''[[Fourth Reich of the Rich]]'' and Peter Kershaw's ''[[In Caesar's Grip]]'', and recommending ''[[The Protocols of the Elders of Zion]]'', a well-known [[antisemitism|antisemitic]] hoax.<ref name="radicalreligion">{{cite web|url=http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=205 |year=2001|publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center|title=Radical Religion: Creationism gets a dash of anti-Semitism|accessdate=2006-04-14}}</ref> The SPLC reported that Hovind accuses [[Darwinism]] of having produced "[[Communism]], [[Socialism]], [[Nazism]], [[abortion]], [[liberalism]] and the [[New Age Movement]]."<ref name="radicalreligion" /> It also quotes Hovind as claiming that "[[democracy]] is evil and contrary to God's law."<ref name="radicalreligion" /> In response to criticism, Hovind has stated: "I love the Jews. But ''The Protocols of Zion'' {{sic}} was written to explain how to control the world, I mean, it lays it all out. But it’s really carefully done so that if it is ever discovered the Jews take the blame for it."<ref name="Kent Hovind website"/>
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The SPLC also criticized Hovind for "point[ing] his followers to ''[[Citizens Rule Book]]'', popular among [[Christian Patriot movement|antigovernment "Patriots"]]; Media Bypass, an antigovernment magazine with strong [[antisemitic]] leanings"; and books by [[tax protester]] [[Irwin Schiff]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=485 |year=Summer 2004 |publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center|title=When Giants Roamed: A Florida theme park sells creationism — with an antigovernment twist |accessdate=2007-10-14}}</ref> (Schiff has since been convicted and sentenced to 13 years in prison).
==Controversial remarks==
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===Politics and conspiracies===
{{Wikiquote|Kent Hovind}}
Hovind has made controversial remarks regarding conspiracies, science, creation, equal rights, religion, and government over the years. Hovind's creationist presentations have asserted that the reason [[creationism]] based on the [[Genesis creation narrative]] is not taught in public schools is tied to "an international conspiracy" of "'The [[New World Order (conspiracy theory)|New World Order]]' (NWO) consisting of [[Ted Turner]] and his wife [[Jane Fonda]], the [[British Royal Family]], the [[State of Israel]], the [[American Civil Liberties Union]], and a smattering of former and present US government officials, business leaders, and social activists (particularly those advocating population control) — shades of the [[Trilateral Commission]]."<ref name="Delphia">{{cite news |
Hovind has several conspiracy theories about the U.S. government. He believes that the [[cyanide]]-releasing compound [[Amygdalin|Laetrile]] is a "[[cancer]] cure" and argues that the US government is conspiring to suppress a cure for cancer.<ref name="CSICOP"/><ref>{{cite journal |author=American Cancer Society |title=Unproven methods of cancer management. Laetrile |journal=CA Cancer J Clin |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=187–92 |year=1991 |pmid=1902140 |doi=10.3322/canjclin.41.3.187}}</ref> On his radio program, [[9/11 conspiracy theories|he has said that the U.S. government was behind]] the [[9/11 attacks]], killing nearly 3000 people and that a "lot of folks were told not to come to work."<ref name="antisemitism">{{cite news |
As part of his "one world government" conspiracy theory, Hovind also believes that the [[North American Free Trade Agreement]] (NAFTA), [[HIV]], [[West Nile virus]], [[Gulf war syndrome]], [[chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[multiple sclerosis]], [[Wegener's disease]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[Crohn's colitis]], [[Type I diabetes]], and collagen-vascular diseases such as [[rheumatoid arthritis]] and [[Alzheimer's]] were all engineered by "the money masters and governments of the world" for the purpose of global economic domination.<ref>{{cite news |
Regarding [[barcodes]] and the security strip on money, Hovind stated they are tied to a government plot in which barcodes and the "magnetic tape through the center of the paper" money "is of the same type that is on the back of your credit card" for tracking money and people.<ref name="autogenerated2" /> Thus, the government "want[s] to be able to track the money and find out where it goes."<ref name="autogenerated2" /> Hovind has also stated an opposition to [[democracy]], saying: "If Evolution is true, there is no Creator, so laws come from man's opinion. That is called a democracy, which is a terrible form of government. Democracies always degenerate into dictatorships. In America, it is sad to say, has become a democracy."<ref>{{cite news |
Hovind subsequently released a set of videos entitled "Answering the Critics" filmed in December 2003 where Hovind and his younger son Eric replied to some critics and addressed some of his controversial remarks, claims, and arguments.<ref>"CSE: Answering the Critics" (Creation Science Evangelism, 2004)([http://freehovind.com/watch archived])</ref>
===Science===
Hovind believes all findings of science will eventually be found to agree with Scripture – which he says is ''[[A priori and a posteriori|a priori]]'' known to be true.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite news |
Hovind tells his audiences, "Evolution is the foundation for communism, nazism, socialism, Marxism and those who want a one-world government."<ref name="JarrettKentState"/> He maintains that biology textbooks are lying and that he considers evolution to be a religion<ref>{{cite news |
During a debate with [[Farrell Till]], Hovind made the following statement about [[Donald Johanson]]: "[He] found the leg bones of [[Australopithecus afarensis|Lucy]] a mile and a half away from the head bones. The leg bones were 200 feet deeper in a deeper layer of strata. I would like to know how fast the train was going that hit that chimpanzee."<ref>{{cite news |
==
{{Wikinews|Kent Hovind's ministry files DMCA complaints though the group released material into public domain|date=September 20, 2007}}
On September 16, 2007, ''[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]'' reported, "[[YouTube]] has banned a group called the [[Rational Response Squad]] (RRS) after it complained its videos were being taken down due to spurious [[DMCA]] requests" from Creation Science Evangelism.<ref name="WiredHovind">{{cite news |
[[File:HovindCopyrightNotice.jpg|thumb|right|Kent Hovind/Creation Science Evangelism copyright policy prior to September 2007.]]
Five days later, on September 21, 2007, the CSE copyright page was changed to say that their material may be copied but must be unedited.<ref name="Ars Technica"/> Previously, Hovind's website stated, "None of the materials produced by Creation Science Evangelism are [[copyright]]ed".<ref>{{cite news |
==Legal problems==
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===Property taxes and zoning ordinance===
On September 13, 2002, Hovind was charged for failure to observe county zoning regulations with respect to Dinosaur Adventure Land.<ref name="CSICOP" /> Despite arguments that the owners did not need a permit due to the nature of the building, the park was found in violation of local regulations.<ref>{{cite news |
After a 5-year [[misdemeanor]] court battle over the $50 building permit, on June 5, 2006, Hovind pled ''[[nolo contendere]]'' as charged to three counts: constructing a building without a permit, refusing to sign a citation,<ref name=mm023489a>Search "Kent Hovind" in [http://www.escambiaclerk.com/clerk/coc_online_public_records.aspx Escambia County Florida Clerk of the Circuit Court] for Case #2001 MM 023489 A</ref> and violating the county building code.<ref>Search "Kent Hovind" in [http://www.escambiaclerk.com/clerk/coc_online_public_records.aspx Escambia County Florida Clerk of the Circuit Court] for Case #2002 MM 026670 A</ref> Hovind was ordered to pay $225 per count. That month Hovind complied with the county law:<ref name=mm023489a /> Hovind estimated he spent $40,000 in legal expenses on this case,<ref>Hovind provides this estimate in a ''Demand to Dismiss'' in the case, which was made available through the now defunct website www.richardsayshome.com; See: {{cite news |
===Federal civil tax matters, bankruptcy, and renouncing citizenship (1996–2006)===
Creation Science Evangelism is not listed as a tax-exempt organization by the Internal Revenue Service,<ref>{{cite news |
Hovind was originally reported to the IRS by [[Pensacola Christian College]] senior vice president Rebekah Horton in the mid 1990s, after she learned of Hovind's anti-tax stand.<ref>{{cite news |
{{Wikisource|The Hovind Bankruptcy Decision}}
In 1996 Hovind filed a Chapter 13 [[Bankruptcy in the United States|bankruptcy]] petition to avoid paying federal [[Income tax in the United States|income tax]]es, claiming he was not a citizen of the United States and that he did not earn income.<ref>''In re Hovind'', case no. 96-04256, U.S. Bankr. Court for the Northern District of Florida (Pensacola Div.), 197 B.R. 157 (Bankr. N.D. Fla. 1996), at [http://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=539875815124931702&q=%22Hovind%22&hl=en&as_sdt=4,253,254,255,262,263,264,265,266,267].</ref> Hovind was found to have lied about his possessions and income.<ref>[http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/hovind-decision.html The Hovind Bankruptcy Decision] ''[[talk.origins]]'' 1998</ref> He claimed that as a minister of God everything he owns belonged to [[God]] and he is not subject to paying taxes to the United States on the money he received for doing God's work.<ref>{{cite news |
{{Wikisource|Kent Hovind 2005 Affidavit}}
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On May 13, 1998, Hovind and his wife filed a "Power of Attorney and Revocation of Signature" document with the [[Escambia County, Florida|Escambia County]] Clerk of Courts which would nullify any of their promises, debts, or legal agreements made prior to April 15, 1998. The document reads, in part: "I/we do hereby revoke and make void... all signatures on any instruments...". The Hovinds claimed they had signed government documents "due to the use of various elements of fraud and misrepresentations, duress, coercion, under perjury, mistake, 'bankruptcy'."<ref name="PowerofAttorney">[http://205.152.130.14/or_1b.asp?uinstr= Escambia County, Florida Clerks Office May 5, 1998]</ref> In this document, the Hovinds argue that [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security]] is essentially a "[[Ponzi scheme]]", referred to the [[United States Government]] as "the 'bankrupt' corporate government", renounced their [[United States citizenship]] and [[Social Security number]]s to become "a natural citizen of 'America' and a natural sojourner", and referred to their home state of Florida as "the State of Florida Body-Politic Corporation."<ref name="PowerofAttorney" /> Judges and the IRS did not appear to honor this as a legally relevant document in future decisions.<ref name="pleads" />
In 2002, Hovind was again delinquent in paying his taxes, and unsuccessfully sued the IRS for harassment.<ref name="pleads">{{cite news |
{{Wikisource|Kent Hovind v Scott Schneider}}
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===Federal criminal tax-related trial and convictions in 2006===
On July 11, 2006, Hovind was charged in the [[United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida|District Court in Northern Florida]] in Pensacola with twelve counts of willful failure to collect, account for, and pay over federal income taxes and [[Federal Insurance Contributions Act tax|FICA]] taxes, forty-five counts of knowingly structuring transactions in federally insured financial institutions to evade reporting requirements, and one count of corruptly endeavoring to obstruct and impede the administration of the internal revenue laws.<ref>Indictment, ''United States of America v. Kent E. Hovind and Jo D. Hovind'', U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Florida, Pensacola Division, case no. 3:06CR83/MCR (dated July 11, 2006; filed at 12:55 pm, July 11, 2006) (hereinafter "Indictment").</ref><ref name="arrested">{{cite news |url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1755911431.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jul+14%2C+2006&author=Michael+Stewart&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=Evangelist+arrested+on+federal+charges |
The government charged that Hovind falsely listed the IRS as his only creditor in his bankruptcy, filed a false and frivolous lawsuit against the IRS in which he demanded damages for criminal trespass, made threats of harm to those investigating him and to those who might consider cooperating with the investigation, filed a false complaint against IRS agents investigating him, filed a false criminal complaint against IRS special agents (criminal investigators), and destroyed records.<ref>Indictment, page 8 (July 11, 2006).</ref>
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{{Wikisource|United States of America v Kent Hovind and Jo Hovind}}
After being indicted, Hovind claimed incomprehension to the charges, telling the court: "I still don't understand what I'm being charged for and who is charging me."<ref name="arrested" /> Magistrate Miles Davis asked Hovind if he wrote and spoke English, to which Hovind responded "To some degree". Davis replied that the government adequately explained the allegations and the defendant understands the charges "whether you want to admit it or not."<ref>{{cite news |
At the time of the arrest Hovind's passport and guns were seized. Hovind protested, arguing that he needed his passport to continue his evangelism work, and that "thousands and thousands" were waiting to hear him preach in South Africa the following month. The court refused to reconsider, accepting the argument that "like-minded people" might secret Hovind away if he left the country.<ref name="arrested" /> Because of reports of weapons on the Hovind property, the indictment was originally sealed for fear of danger to the arresting agents.<ref>{{cite news |
Evidence produced at the trial revealed that Jo Hovind had requested financial assistance from Baptist Healthcare claiming that the Hovinds had no income. "'Dr. and Mrs. Kent Hovind do not earn salaries,' wrote Martha Harris, the trust secretary of Creation Science Evangelism to Baptist Healthcare. 'As health insurance is not provided for this couple, we would appreciate (financial assistance).'"<ref>{{cite news |url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1748342811.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+31%2C+2006&author=Nicole+Lozare&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=Hovinds+deny+having+income |
At the time of the indictment, Hovind's defense appeared to be that although there were 30 people working for him, all of whom received remuneration in cash, none of them were employees. According to Hovind, "Nobody's an employee, and they all know that when they come. They come, they work ... The laborer is worthy of his hire – we try to take the purely scriptural approach. We do the best we can with helping people with their family needs. There are no employees here."<ref name = "noemp">{{cite news |
On October 21, 2006, the trial began in which he hoped to convince a jury that his amusement park admission and merchandise sales belonged to God and cannot be taxed.<ref name="begins"/> Former and current workers, IRS agents, a bank employee, and a lawyer of a non-profit Christian organization testified in the trial. The IRS agents told the court how Hovind attempted "bullying tactics" and sued the government three times, which were thrown out, to pressure them to stop investigating.<ref name="begins"/> Several people who worked for Hovind testified that they had to punch time cards, and had vacation and sick days, while others testified that Hovind claimed he had "beat" the tax system.<ref>{{cite news |
The trial concluded on November 1 with the defense deciding not to present a case.<ref>{{cite news |
===Sentencing, appeals, and imprisonment (2007–current)===
On January 19, 2007, Hovind was sentenced to ten years in prison and ordered to pay the federal government restitution of over $600,000. After his prison term finishes he will serve another three years of probation. During the sentencing phase, a tearful Hovind, hoping to avoid prison, told the court, "If it's just money the IRS wants, there are thousands of people out there who will help pay the money they want so I can go back out there and preach."<ref name="sentencing">{{cite news |
In February 2007, Hovind argued to the judge that the convictions for structuring transactions to evade reporting requirements should be thrown out. On April 18, 2007, the court rejected the defendants' "unit of the crime" arguments, and the motions for acquittal were denied.<ref>Order, April 18, 2007, docket entry 192, ''United States of America v. Kent E. Hovind'', case no. 3:06cr83-001/MCR, United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida, Pensacola Division.</ref><ref>{{cite news |
After the convictions, Hovind was incarcerated in the Escambia County Jail as a "danger to the community" and a flight risk.<ref name="Guilty">{{cite news |
On June 29, 2007, Jo Hovind was sentenced to one year of imprisonment (out of a possible 225 years) and three years of supervision upon release. She was also ordered to pay $8,000 in fines.<ref>[http://www.abcactionnews.com/news/state/story.aspx?content_id=450c7d43-a753-4899-b88f-cbd21e912fba Creationist theme park owner's wife sentenced.] Associated Press, ABC Action News 2007-06-29. Retrieved on 2007-06-29.</ref> In court, Jo Hovind told the judge "I really did not have a leadership role in CSE" and finished "I would never knowingly do anything illegal."<ref name="JoLawBreaker"/> The prosecutor said that Jo Hovind's statement contradicted the evidence, stating, "I do not believe she's being truthful to the court".<ref name="JoLawBreaker"/> The judge stated that "Mrs. Hovind was in charge of the payroll," and that while "Mr. Hovind was the decision-making authority" at CSE and Dinosaur Adventure Land, Jo Hovind had cashed some 200 checks, all under $10,000, for a total of $1.5 million during a four-year period.<ref name="JoLawBreaker"/> The judge stated that Jo Hovind's sentence was imposed to engender "respect for the law" and as a deterrence to others who might be tempted to break the law.<ref name="JoLawBreaker"/>
Baris 227:
{{Wikisource|Kent Hovind's Eleventh Circuit Court Criminal Appeal}}
On July 2, 2007, Hovind's appeal to the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit|Eleventh Circuit Appeals Court]] for the 2006 U.S. Tax Court judgment (''Kent E. Hovind v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue'') was denied.<ref>{{cite news |
[[File:Pensacola Dinosaur Adventure Land sign01.jpg|150px|left|thumb|Dinosaur Adventure Land billboard.]]
In 2007, the government placed liens on Hovind's 10 properties for money owed.<ref name="JoLawBreaker"/> This action stemmed from the June 27, 2007, judgment, which included an order that Hovind's property be forfeited under {{usc|18|3613}} for costs of $5,800, a fine of $2000, and restitution of $604,874.87.<ref>{{cite news |
On December 30, 2008, the Hovinds' criminal appeal was denied by the Eleventh Circuit Appeals Court. The Court stated that the Hovind's attempts to dismiss their convictions were "without merit".<ref>{{cite news |
According to the [[Federal Bureau of Prisons]] (BOP), Kent Hovind, BOP Register number 06452-017, is scheduled for release from prison on August 11, 2015.<ref name="inmatefinder"/>
-->
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|2}}
Baris 242 ⟶ 243:
{{Sister project links|Kent Hovind}}
; Situs resmi Hovind
* [http://www.creationtoday.org CreationToday.org]
** [http://wayback.archive.org/web/*/http://www.drdino.com DrDino.com] – Hovind's former official website from 1998-2011 at [[Archive.org]]
* [http://2peter3.com 2peter3.com] Hovind's official blog
** [http://www.kenthovindblog.com KentHovindBlog.com] An older blog
** [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.cseblogs.com/ CSE Blogs] – Hovind's former official [[blog]] from 2006-2011 at [[Archive.org]]
** [http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.dinosauradventureland.com/ Dinosaur Adventure Land] – Hovind's former YEC-theme park from 2001-2010 at [[Archive.org]]
; Creationist tetapi kritis terhadap Hovind
* [
* [http://creation.com/maintaining-creationist-integrity-response-to-kent-hovind Maintaining Creationist Integrity] from [[Creation Ministries International]] - [[Jonathan Sarfati]], Ph.D., Young Earth creationist
* [http://creation.com/rosshovind-debate-john-ankerberg-show-october-2000-analysis-by-jonathan-sarfati Analysis of Ross–Hovind Debate, 2000] from [[Creation Ministries International]] - [[Jonathan Sarfati]], Ph.D., Young Earth creationist
* [http://www.answersincreation.org/profiles/kent_hovind.htm Rebuttals to the works of Kent Hovind] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205155050/http://www.answersincreation.org/profiles/kent_hovind.htm |date=2012-02-05 }} by [[Answers In Creation]] - Greg Neyman, Old Earth creationist
; Kritis terhadap kreasionisme dan Hovind
* [http://wayback.archive.org/web/*/http://kent-hovind.com/ Analysis of Kent Hovind] Includes a section on Hovind's relationship with Chick Publishing and responses to the $250,000 Challenge.
* [http://ncse.com/rncse/19/5/unmasking-false-prophet-creationism Unmasking the False Prophet of Creationism] by [[Barbara Forrest]]. September 1999.
* [http://ncse.com/rncse/24/6/then-miracle-occurs A Miracle Occurs] by [[Michael Shermer]]
* [http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/hovind/ Kent Hovind FAQs] from [[TalkOrigins Archive|talk.origins]]
* [http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/hovind/howgood.html How Good Are Those Young-Earth Arguments?] a detailed critique by Dave E. Matson
* [http://www.noanswersingenesis.org.au/kent_hovind_page.htm The Kent Hovind Page] by [[John Stear]]
* [http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=485 When Giants Roamed] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006112412/http://www.splcenter.org/intel/intelreport/article.jsp?aid=485 |date=2014-10-06 }} by the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]] (2004)
* [http://www.noanswersingenesis.org.au/bartelt_dissertation_on_hovind_thesis.htm An Academic Review of Hovind's Dissertation] by [[Karen Bartelt]], Ph.D
* {{Cite news
* {{Cite news
; Catatan pengadilan
Baris 271 ⟶ 272:
* [http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/hovind-decision.html Hovind bankruptcy decision] (1996)
* [http://groups.google.com/group/talk.origins/msg/f8326b5d20c18392 Kent Hovind v Scott Schneider] (2002)
* {{Cite news
* {{Cite news
* {{Cite news
* {{Cite news
* [https://www.ustaxcourt.gov/UstcDockInq/DocumentViewer.aspx?IndexID=5865552 Jo Hovind vs Commissioner of Internal Revenue] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408141209/https://www.ustaxcourt.gov/UstcDockInq/DocumentViewer.aspx?IndexID=5865552 |date=2013-04-08 }}
* [http://www.clerk.co.escambia.fl.us/ Escambia County (Pensacola, Florida) Clerk of Courts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050211085500/http://www.clerk.co.escambia.fl.us/ |date=2005-02-11 }} – Court database
; Sumber-sumber Media
* {{Cite news
* {{Cite news
{{Chick Publications Navbox|state=expanded}}
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