Senusret III: Perbedaan antara revisi
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k →Pranala luar: Persondata now moved to wikidata, removed: {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see Wikipedia:Persondata. --> | NAME = Senusret Iii | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = Egyptian Pharoah | DATE OF BIRTH = | PLACE |
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| Name=Senusret III
| Alt_name= Sesostris III, Senwosret III
| Image= [[
| Caption=Heads of Senusret III from the [[British Museum]]
| nomen_hiero=
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| prenomen_hiero=
| Prenomen=Khakhaure<br>''{{Unicode|Ḫˁj-k3w-Rˁ}}''<br>''[[Ancient Egyptian concept of the soul#Ka|Kas]] dari [[Ra]] telah muncul''<br><hiero>M23:t-L2:t-<-ra-N28-D28*D28:D28-></hiero>
| Reign=1878
| Predecessor=[[Senusret II]]
| Successor=[[Amenemhat III]]
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}}
Khakhaure '''Senusret III''' (juga ditulis '''Senwosret III''' atau '''Sesostris III''') adalah seorang [[firaun]] [[Mesir kuno]], yang diperkirakan memerintah dari tahun 1878 SM sampai 1839 SM,<ref>Kim S. B. Ryholt, ''The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c.1800-1550 B.C.'', Museum Tusculanum Press, Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications 20, 1997. p.185</ref> dan merupakan raja kelima [[Dinasti kedua belas Mesir]] pada periode [[Kerajaan Pertengahan]]. Di antara prestasinya adalah pembangunan [[Kanal para Firaun]]. Ia adalah seorang Firaun besar dan mungkin yang paling kuat dalam wangsanya, sehingga dianggap sebagai salah satu sumber cerita legenda mengenai [[Sesostris]]. Kampanye militernya menghasilkan masa damai dan kemakmuran ekonomi yang mengurangi kekuasaan penguasa-penguasa daerah dan membawa kepada kebangkitan kerajinan, perdagangan, perkembangan pedesaan.<ref name="verner">"''The Pyramids: Their Archeology and History''", [[Miroslav Verner]], Translated by Steven Rendall,p386-387 &
== Keluarga ==
Senusret III adalah putra [[Senusret II]] dari istrinya [[Khenemetneferhedjet I]] juga disebut Khenemetneferhedjet I Weret (''yang (lebih) tua''). Kedua istri Senusret III juga diketahui pasti, yaitu [[Khenemetneferhedjet II]] dan [[Neferthenut]], dari makam-makam mereka di sebelah piramida raja di Dahshur. Diketahui nama-nama sejumlah anak perempuan dari makam-makam mereka di sekitar piramida raja, meskipun kedekatan hubungan mereka dengan raja masih dipertanyakan, termasuk [[Sithathor]], [[Menet (princess)|Menet]], [[Senetsenebtysy]], dan Meret. [[Amenemhat III]] diyakini adalah salah seorang putra raja. Putra-putra lain tidak dikenal.<ref>Pierre Tallet: ''Sesostris III et la fin de la XIIe dynastie'', Paris 2005, ISBN 2-85704-851-3, p. 14-30</ref>
== Tindakan ==
Senusret III membersihkan kanal sehingga dapat dilalui kapal sampai katarak pertama.<ref>J. H. Breasted, ''[[Ancient Records of Egypt]]'', Part One, Chicago 1906,
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He carried out at least four major campaigns into Nubia in his Year 8, 10, 16 and 19 respectively.<ref>J. H. Breasted, ''Ancient Records of Egypt'', Part One, Chicago 1906,
{{cquote|Year 16, third month of winter: the king made his southern boundary at Heh. I have made my boundary further south than my fathers. I have added to what was bequeathed me. (...) As for any son (ie. successor) of mine who shall maintain this border which my Majesty has made, he is my son born to my Majesty. The true son is he who champions his father, who guards the border of his begetter. But he [who] abandons it, who fails to fight for it, he is not my son, he was not born to me. Now my majesty has had an image made of my majesty, at this border which my majesty has made, in order that you maintain it, in order that you fight for it.<ref>Miriam Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian literature: a Book of Readings, Berkeley CA, University of California Press, 1973. pp.119-120</ref>}}
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== Lama pemerintahan ==
[[
[[Piramida]]nya di gaun di [[Dahshur]].<ref>Katheryn A. Bard, ''Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt'', Routledge 1999, p.107</ref> Sebuah naskah [[papirus]] yang sekarang disimpan di [[Berlin]] Museum memuat Tahun 20 pemerintahannya sama dengan Tahun 1 pemerintahan putranya [[Amenemhat III]]. Ini berarti bahwa ia mulai menjadi raja bersama dengan putranya sejak tahun itu. Menurut [[Josef W. Wegner]], ada sebuah catatan kontrol dengan Tahun 39 ditemukan pada sebuah blok batu kapur<!--:
{{cquote|...a securely defined deposit of construction debris produced from the building of the Senwosret III mortuary temple. The fragment itself is part of the remnants of the temple construction. This deposit provides evidence for the date of construction of the mortuary temple of Senwosret III at Abydos.<ref>Josef Wegner, ''The Nature and Chronology of the Senwosret
Wegner stresses that it is unlikely that Amenemhet III, Senusret's son and successor, would still be working on his father's temple nearly 4 decades into his own reign. He notes that the only possible solution for the block's existence here is that Senusret III had a 39-year reign, with the final 20 years in [[coregency]] with his son [[Amenemhet III]]. Since the project was associated with a project of Senusret III, his Regnal Year was presumably used to date the block, rather than Year 20 of Amenemhet III. This implies that Senusret was still alive in the first two decades of his son's reign.
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== Kompleks Piramida ==
[[
Kompleks [[piramida]] Senusret dibangun di sebelah [[timur laut]] [[Red Pyramid]] di [[Dashur]] dan dengan kemegahan yang melebihi semua yang lain dari awal Dinasti ke-12 dalam ukuran dan konseps keagamaan yang mendasarinya .
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File:Sesostris III Sphinxkopf.jpg|Munich, [[Staatliche Sammlung für Ägyptische Kunst]]
File:ThreeStatuesOfSesotrisIII-FaceOn-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|[[British Museum]]
File:
File:Egyptian antiquities in the Louvre, room 636 (032007 30).jpg|[[Louvre]]
File:RedGraniteHeadOfSesostrisIII-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg|[[British Museum]]
File:Bust of Senusret III Ägyptisches Museum Berlin.jpg|[[Egyptian Museum of Berlin|Berlin Museum]]
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</gallery>
== Trivia ==
Senusret adalah salah satu karakter dalam seri fiksi sejarah buatan [[Christian Jacq]] ''The Mysteries of Osiris''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fantasticfiction.co.uk/j/christian-jacq/tree-of-life.htm |title=The Tree of Life (Mysteries of Osiris, book 1) by Christian Jacq |publisher=Fantasticfiction.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2013-12-03}}</ref>
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== Lihat pula ==
* [[List of Egyptian pyramids]]
* [[List of megalithic sites]]
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
== Pustaka ==
* W. Grajetzki, ''The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt: History,Archaeology and Society'', Duckworth, London 2006 ISBN 0-7156-3435-6, 51-58
* Josef Wegner, The Nature and Chronology of the Senwosret
== Pranala luar ==
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{{Penguasa Mesir Kuno}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Senusret III}}
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