Panas ekstrem Haji 2024: Perbedaan antara revisi

| date = {{start14–19 Juni date|2024|06|16}}–sekarang

| cause = PanasDipengaruhi oleh panas ekstrem (penyebab kematian beragam)

| participants = 1,8 juta jama'ahjamaah

| reported deaths = 9221.301

SejakAntara tanggal 1614–19 Juni 2024, 9221.301 jamaah [[Haji]] di [[Makkah]] meninggal akibatdunia yang dipengaruhi oleh panas ekstrem, dengan suhu melebihi 50 derajat Celcius, (122menjadikannya derajatsalah Fahrenheit)satu haji paling mematikan hingga saat ini.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-24 |title=Hajj 2024 Was The Deadliest In The History |url=https://theislamicinformation.com/news/hajj-2024-deadliest-in-the-history/ |access-date=2024-06-24 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=More than 550 hajj pilgrims die in Mecca as temperatures exceed 50C {{!}} Hajj {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://ampwww.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jun/18/hundreds-of-hajj-pilgrims-die-in-mecca-from-heat-related-illness |access-date=18 June 2024 |newspaper=The Guardian |archive-06-18date=19 June 2024 |websitearchive-url=amphttps://web.archive.org/web/20240619164428/https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jun/18/hundreds-of-hajj-pilgrims-die-in-mecca-from-heat-related-illness |url-status=live |last1=France-Presse |first1=Agence }}</ref> Suhu terpanas yang tercatat di [[Masjidilharam|Masjidil Haram]] Makkah adalah 51,8°C (125,2°F).<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2024-06-19 |title=At least 550 hajj pilgrims die in scorching temperatures |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-06-19/at-least-550-hajj-pilgrims-die-due-to-heat-in-mecca/103995270 |access-date=2024-06-19 |work=ABC News |language=en-AU}}</ref> Setidaknya 2.764 kasus penyakit terkait panas dilaporkan selama 16 Juni.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-18 |title=Saudi Arabia: Over 2,700 cases of heat exhaustion, sunstroke recorded during Haj - Alwast News |url=https://enews.alwast.net/arabnews/haj-2024-over-2700-cases-of |access-date=2024-06-19 |website=enews.alwast.net |language=en}}</ref> Hanya satu dari kematian yang dikonfirmasi yang dilaporkan bukan karena penyakit yang berhubungan dengan panas, melainkan meninggal karena luka fatal yang diderita saat terjadi [[Penghimpitan dan keambrukan kerumunan|kerumunan]] kecil.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-06-18 |title=More than 300 Egyptians die from heat during Hajj pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia, diplomats say - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/saudi-arabia-hajj-egyptian-jordanian-pilgrims-die-mecca/ |access-date=2024-06-19 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

Haji merupakan rangkaian ibadah di Makkah, Arab Saudi yang dilakukan [[Muslim]] setidaknya sekali seumur hidup. Ibadah tahunan ini dimulai pada tanggal 7 dan berakhir pada tanggal 12 Dzulhijjah.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hajj|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/hajj|website=Britannica.com}}</ref> Dilaksanakan di negara yang berada di [[Timur Tengah]], cuaca di Arab Saudi sangat tinggi dan dapat meningkat pada bulan-bulan tertentu. Ketika waktu haji jatuh pada bulan Juli dan Agustus, suhu dapat mencapai rata-rata tertinggi 54°C. Ini dapat menyebabkan [[Gelombang panas|serangan panas]], terutama bagi jamaah yang berasal dari negara yang bersuhu lebih rendah. Masih kurangnya perlindungan di luar ruangan dan tindakan pencegahan lainnya adalah alasan utama tingginya jumlah kasus sengatan panas dan kelelahan akibat panas di kalangan jamaah haji.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ghaznawi|first=Hassan I. and Mohammad A. Ibrahim|date=1987|title=Heat Stroke and Heat Exhaustion in Pilgrims Performing the Haj (Annual Pilgrimage) in Saudi Arabia|url=https://www.annsaudimed.net/doi/full/10.5144/0256-4947.1987.323|journal=Annals of Saudi Medicine|doi=}}</ref> Ditambah, semakin meningkatnya jumlah jamaah haji setiap tahunnya menjadi tantangan yang lain.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Memish|first=Ziad A., Majid M. Alshamrani, Rana F. Kattan, Esam I. Azhar, Faissal M. Farahat, Ali M. Albarrak, et all.|date=2024|title=Reducing risks from respiratory pathogens at the 2024 Hajj|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(24)00260-3/abstract|journal=The Lancet}}</ref>

Pada haji 2024, sebelumnya pemerintah Arab Saudi telah memperkirakan akan ada peningkatan suhu dari normal. Diperkirakan jamaah akan mengalami suhu tinggi rata-rata 44°C dan dapat meningkat di siang hari. Juru bicara Kementerian Kesehatan Arab Saudi menyatakan suhu dapat “menimbulkan ancaman bagi kesehatan para jamaah”.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Obeid|first=Ghinwa|date=11 Juni 2024|title=Hajj 2024: High temperatures challenge pilgrims, tips for a safe journey|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/saudi-arabia/2024/06/11/hajj-2024-high-temperatures-challenge-pilgrims|work=English Al Arabiya}}</ref> Sebagai upaya penanggulangan, alun-alun utama yang ada di Makkah dan Madinah telah dilengkapi dengan sistem kabut dan stasiun air portabel. Selain itu, pemerintah Saudi berjanji akan memberi alat pendingin di lantai [[Masjidilharam|Masjidil Haram]] dan tenda-tenda di sekitarnya.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Holleis|first=Jennifer and Anke Rasper|date=13 Juni 2024|title=Haji 2024: Arab Saudi Bersiap Hadapi Panas Ekstrem|url=https://www.dw.com/id/haji-2024-arab-saudi-bersiap-hadapi-panas-ekstrem/a-69349487|work=DW Indonesia}}</ref>

SebanyakMenteri Kesehatan Arab Saudi mengatakan setidaknya 1,8.301 jutaorang jamaahmeninggal menunaikanselama ibadah [[haji]].<ref sepanjangname=":2">{{Cite tahunnews|date=23 June 2024|access-date=23 June 2024|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/saudi-arabia/2024/06/23/saudi-health-minister-says-1-301-died-during-hajj|title=Saudi health minister says 1,301 people died during Hajj|work=Al Arabiya}}</ref><ref name="wsj-deaths">{{cite news |last1=Kalin |first1=Stephen |last2=Said |first2=Summer |last3=al-Batati |first3=Saleh |last4=Farouk |first4=Menna |title=Scorching Heat Ravages Hajj as More Than 1,170 Pilgrims Die |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/scorching-heat-ravages-hajj-as-more-than-1-000-pilgrims-die-d175a311 |access-date=21 June 2024 |work=The Wall Street Journal |publisher=Dow Jones & Company |date=21 June 2024 |archive-date=22 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622132439/https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/scorching-heat-ravages-hajj-as-more-than-1-000-pilgrims-die-d175a311 |url-status=live }}</ref> Dari korban meninggal, sedikitnya 600 orang merupakan jamaah haji asal [[Mesir]]. Diplomat [[Yordania]] menyatakan bahwa 60 warga Yordania juga meninggal karena panas ekstrem.<ref name=":1" /> Kementerian luar negeri [[Tunisia]] melaporkan bahwa sedikitnya 35 jamaah haji Tunisia tewas akibat “peningkatan suhu yang tajam”. Pemerintah [[Indonesia]] melaporkan 144 kematian warganya, namun tidak merincikan apakah karena serangan panas.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Magid|first=Pesha and Saleh Salem|date=19 June 2024|title=Hundreds die of extreme heat on Muslim pilgrimage, reports say|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/soaring-temperatures-scorch-pilgrims-haj-saudi-arabia-2024-06-18/|work=Reuters|language=en}}</ref> Tiga belas jamaah haji dari [[Daerah Kurdistan]] di [[Irak]] dilaporkan tewas, dengan panas yang diklaim sebagai "salah satu alasan utamanya". Lima jamaah haji wanita dari [[Kashmir]] meninggal karena serangan panas di [[Arafah|Gunung Arafah]] dan di [[Muzdalifah]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-18 |title=Five Kashmiri Women Die Of Heat Stroke During Hajj |url=https://kashmirobserver.net/2024/06/18/five-kashmiri-women-die-of-heat-stroke-during-hajj/ |access-date=2024-06-19 |website=Kashmir Observer |language=en-US}}</ref> Peziarah lain dari [[Iran]] dan [[Senegal]] juga dilaporkan tewas.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 June 2024 |title=Jordan, Tunisia report additional hajj heat deaths |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/jordan-tunisia-report-additional-hajj-heat-deaths |access-date=19 June 2024 |work=The New Arab}}</ref>

|+KorbanKematian menurut negara

!Negara

|600672

|{{Flag|IndonesiaPrancis}}

|1442

|6898

|<ref name="bbc">{{Cite webnews |date=1921 June 2024 |title=68What's Hajjbehind pilgrimsdeaths fromat Indiathis deadyear's amidHajj highpilgrimage summerin heatSaudi inArabia? Mecca|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c3ggj0809dqo Diplomat|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621165255/https://www.indiatodaybbc.inco.uk/worldnews/storyarticles/hajj-mecca-pilgrimage-68-indian-nationals-dead-death-toll-645-saudi-arabia-muslims-2555418c3ggj0809dqo |archive-date=21 June 2024-06-19 |access-date=1921 June 2024 |website=euronews[[BBC News]] |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref>

|35234

|1537

|<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2024 |title=Death Toll From Iranian Pilgrims at Hajj Rises to 11 |url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202406183688 |access-date=19 June 2024 |website=Iran International |language=en |url-status=live |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618122805/https://www.iranintl.com/en/202406183688 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-22 |title=تعداد زائران ایرانی فوت‌شده در عربستان به ۱۷ نفر افزایش یافت |url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/articles/cm554ee4307o |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=BBC News فارسی |language=fa}}</ref>

|1119

|{{Flag|RusiaYordania}}

|499

|<ref>{{Cite webnews |last= |date=1924 June 2024 |title=FourNumber Russianof pilgrimsJordanians who die inof Saudiheat Arabiaexhaustion during Hajj reaches 99 |url=https://tassjordantimes.com/societynews/1805397local/%E2%80%98number-jordanians-who-die-heat-exhaustion-during-hajj-reaches-99%E2%80%99 |access-date=19 June24June 2024 |websitework=TASSThe Jordan TImes |language=en|issn= |urlarchive-statusdate=live24 June 2024 |archive-url=}}</ref>

|<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2024 |title=A Deadly Toll as an Intense Heat Grips Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/19/world/europe/hajj-deaths-mecca-heat.html#:~:text=Three%20pilgrims%20from%20Senegal%20also,citing%20a%20cause%20of%20death. |access-date=19 June 2024 |website=The New York Times |language=en |url-status=live |archive-date=19 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619152842/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/19/world/europe/hajj-deaths-mecca-heat.html#:~:text=Three%20pilgrims%20from%20Senegal%20also,citing%20a%20cause%20of%20death. }}</ref>