Politik sayap kiri: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{redirect|Sayap kiri|posisi dalam olahraga|Sayap (olahraga)}}

[[File:Estatesgeneral.jpg|thumb|275px|5Pembukaan May[[États Généraux 1789]] openingyang ofdigelar thepada [[Estatestanggal General5 ofMei 1789]] indi Versailles]]

[[File:1912 Lawrence Textile Strike 1.jpg|thumb|275px|LabourPara unionpengunjuk demonstratorsrasa atserikat theburuh 1912ketika [[Lawrencemogok textilekerja striketekstil Lawrence]] tahun 1912]]

{{party politics}}

Di dalam [[kiri dan kanan (politik)|spektrum politik kiri–kanan]], istilah ''Kiri'' dan ''[[politik sayap kanan|Kanan]]'' diciptakan selama [[Revolusi Prancis]], mengacu pada pengaturan tempat duduk di [[États généraux|États Généraux]] Prancis. Mereka yang duduk di kiri umumnya menentang [[Ancien Régime]] dan [[monarki]] [[Wangsa Bourbon|Bourbon]] serta mendukung Revolusi Prancis, pembentukan [[republik]] [[demokrat]]is, dan [[sekularisasi]] masyarakat,<ref name="Knapp">{{cite book|author-last1=Knapp |author-first1=Andrew |url=https://archive.org/details/governmentpoliti0000knap |title=The government and politics of France |author-last2=Wright |author-first2=Vincent |date=2006 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-415-35732-6 |edition=5th |location=London [u.a.] |quote=the government and politics of france.|url-access=registration}}</ref> sementara mereka yang di kanan mendukung institusi tradisional Ancien Régime. Penggunaan istilah ''Kiri'' menjadi lebih menonjol setelah pemulihan monarki Prancis pada tahun 1815, ketika istilah tersebut diterapkan pada kaum ''Independen''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Realms of memory: conflicts and divisions |url=https://archive.org/details/realmsofmemory00colu |date=1996 |editor-first=Pierre |editor-last=Nora |chapter=Right and Left |author-first=Marcel |author-last=Gauchet |pages=[https://archive.org/details/realmsofmemory00colu/page/248 248]}}</ref> Kata "sayap" pertama kali ditambahkan ke dalam istilah ''Kiri'' dan ''Kanan'' pada akhir abad ke-19 (biasanya dengan maksud merendahkan), dan istilah "sayap kiri" diterapkan pada mereka yang memiliki pandangan agama dan politik yang tidak lazim.

Istilah ''Kiri'' kemudian diterapkan pada sejumlah gerakan, seperti gerakan ''republikanisme'' di Prancis selama abad ke-18, diikuti oleh ''sosialisme'',<ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Alan |author-last1=Maass |author-first2=Howard |author-last2=Zinn |author-link2=Howard Zinn |title=The Case for Socialism |url=https://archive.org/details/caseforsocialism0000maas |quote=The ''International Socialist Review'' is one of the best left-wing journals around... |page=[https://archive.org/details/caseforsocialism0000maas/page/164 164] |publisher=[[Haymarket Books]] |edition=Revised |year=2010 |isbn=978-1608460731}}</ref> termasuk [[anarkisme]], [[komunisme]], [[gerakan buruh]], [[Marxisme]], [[demokrasi sosial]] dan [[sindikalisme]] pada abad ke-19 dan ke-20.<ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Michael |author-last1=Schmidt |author-first2=Lucien |author-last2=Van der Walt |author-link2=Lucien van der Walt |title=Black Flame: The Revolutionary Class Politics of Anarchism and Syndicalism |series=Counter-Power |volume=1 |publisher=[[AK Press]] |year=2009 |page=128 |quote=[...] anarchism is a coherent intellectual and political current dating back to the 1860s and the First International, and part of the labour and left tradition. |isbn=978-1-904859-16-1}}</ref> Sejak itu, istilah "sayap kiri" telah diterapkan pada berbagai gerakan,<ref>{{cite book|author-first=Jean Francois |author-last=Revel |title=Last Exit to Utopia |quote=In the United States, the word liberal is often used to describe the left wing of the Democratic party. |page=[https://archive.org/details/lastexittoutopia0000reve/page/24 24] |publisher=Encounter Books |year=2009 |isbn=978-1594032646 |url=https://archive.org/details/lastexittoutopia0000reve/page/24}}</ref> termasuk [[Gerakan Hak-Hak Sipil Afrika-Amerika (1955-1968)|gerakan hak-hak sipil]], [[gerakan feminis]], [[gerakan hak-hak LGBT]], [[gerakan hak aborsi]], [[multikulturalisme]], [[gerakan anti-perang]] dan [[gerakan lingkungan hidup]],<ref>{{cite journal|author-first=Eric |author-last=Neumayer |title=The environment, left-wing political orientation, and ecological economics |journal=Ecological Economics |volume=51 |year=2004 |issue=3–4 |pages=167–175 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.06.006 |url=http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/714/1/EE_51%283-4%29.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author-first=John |author-last=Barry |title=International Encyclopedia of Environmental Politics |quote=All surveys confirm that environmental concern is associated with green voting...[I]n subsequent European elections, green voters have tended to be more left-leaning...the party is capable of motivating its core supporters as well as other environmentally minded voters of predominantly left-wing persuasion... |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |year=2002 |isbn=978-0415202855 |url=https://archive.org/details/internationalenc0000unse_a2h7}}</ref> serta beragam ideologi [[partai politik]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.econ.ohio-state.edu/Fleisher/courses/econ508winter06/docs/Democratic_socialism.pdf |title=Democratic socialism |access-date=3 June 2017 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060902085146/http://www.econ.ohio-state.edu/Fleisher/courses/econ508winter06/docs/Democratic_socialism.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/sep/05/green-party-left-uk-politics-caroline-lucas |title=Green party to position itself as the real left of UK politics |author-first=Fiona |author-last=Harvey |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=5 September 2014}}</ref><ref name="sarnold">{{cite book|author-last=Arnold |author-first=N. Scott |title=Imposing values: an essay on liberalism and regulation |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordclinicalda00libg |url-access=limited |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2009 |location=Florence |isbn=978-0-495-50112-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordclinicalda00libg/page/n15 3] |quote=Modern liberalism occupies the left-of-center in the traditional political spectrum and is represented by the Democratic Party in the United States, the Labor Party in the United Kingdom, and the mainstream Left (including some nominally socialist parties) in other advanced democratic societies.}}</ref>

== PranalaBacaan luarlanjutan ==

{{ideologies-}}

{{Spektrumpolitical politikideologies}}