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{{redirect|Sayap kiri}}
[[File:Estatesgeneral.jpg|thumb|275px|Pembukaan [[États Généraux 1789]] yang digelar pada tanggal 5 Mei 1789 di Versailles]]
[[File:1912 Lawrence Textile Strike 1.jpg|thumb|275px|Para pengunjuk rasa serikat buruh ketika [[mogok kerja tekstil Lawrence]] tahun 1912]]
{{party politics}}
'''Politik sayap kiri''' merupakan spektrum politik yang mendukung [[kesetaraan sosial]] dan [[egalitarianisme]], dan seringkali berlawanan dengan sistem [[hierarki sosial]] ala sayap kanan.<ref name="Smith">{{cite book|author-last1=Smith |author-first1=T. Alexander |author-first2=Raymond |author-last2=Tatalovich |title=Cultures at War: Moral Conflicts in Western Democracies |url=https://archive.org/details/culturesatwarmor0000smit |url-access=registration |location=Toronto, Canada |publisher=Broadview Press |year=2003 |page=[https://archive.org/details/culturesatwarmor0000smit/page/30 30] |isbn=9781551113340}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author-last1=Bobbio |author-first1=Norberto |author-first2=Allan |author-last2=Cameron |title=Left and Right: The Significance of a Political Distinction |url=https://archive.org/details/leftrightsignifi00bobb |url-access=limited |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |year=1997 |page=[https://archive.org/details/leftrightsignifi00bobb/page/n58 37]}}</ref><ref name="Lukes">{{cite book|author-last1=Ball |author-first1=Terence |title=The Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century Political Thought |date=2005 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |location=Cambridge |isbn=9780521563543 |edition=Reprint. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N1h4_NqTOFoC&q=The+Cambridge+History+of+Twentieth-Century+Political+Thought |access-date=15 November 2016 |page=614}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author-last1=Thompson |author-first1=Willie |title=The Left In History: Revolution and Reform in Twentieth-Century Politic |date=1997 |publisher=[[Pluto Press]] |location=London |isbn=978-0745308913}}</ref> Politik sayap kiri biasanya melibatkan kepedulian terhadap orang-orang di masyarakat yang oleh penganutnya dianggap sebagai pihak yang kurang beruntung dibandingkan dengan orang lain, serta keyakinan bahwa ada ketidaksetaraan yang tidak dapat dibenarkan yang perlu dikurangi atau dihapuskan.<ref name="Smith"/> Menurut profesor emeritus ekonomi Barry Clark, pendukung sayap kiri "mengklaim bahwa perkembangan manusia akan terjadi ketika para individu terlibat dalam kerja sama–hubungan saling menghormati–yang hanya dapat berkembang ketika perbedaan yang berlebihan dalam status, kekuasaan, dan kekayaan dihilangkan."<ref>{{cite book|author-last=Clark |author-first=Barry |date=1998 |title=Political Economy: A Comparative Approach |location=Westport, Connecticut |publisher=[[Praeger Press]] |isbn=9780275958695}}</ref>
Di dalam [[kiri dan kanan (politik)|spektrum politik kiri–kanan]], istilah ''Kiri'' dan ''[[politik sayap kanan|Kanan]]'' diciptakan selama [[Revolusi Prancis]], mengacu pada pengaturan tempat duduk di [[États généraux|États Généraux]] Prancis. Mereka yang duduk di kiri umumnya menentang [[Ancien Régime]] dan [[monarki]] [[Wangsa Bourbon|Bourbon]] serta mendukung Revolusi Prancis, pembentukan [[republik]] [[demokrat]]is, dan [[sekularisasi]] masyarakat,<ref name="Knapp">{{cite book|author-last1=Knapp |author-first1=Andrew |url=https://archive.org/details/governmentpoliti0000knap |title=The government and politics of France |author-last2=Wright |author-first2=Vincent |date=2006 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-415-35732-6 |edition=5th |location=London [u.a.] |quote=the government and politics of france.|url-access=registration}}</ref> sementara mereka yang di kanan mendukung institusi tradisional Ancien Régime. Penggunaan istilah ''Kiri'' menjadi lebih menonjol setelah pemulihan monarki Prancis pada tahun 1815, ketika istilah tersebut diterapkan pada kaum ''Independen''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Realms of memory: conflicts and divisions |url=https://archive.org/details/realmsofmemory00colu |date=1996 |editor-first=Pierre |editor-last=Nora |chapter=Right and Left |author-first=Marcel |author-last=Gauchet |pages=[https://archive.org/details/realmsofmemory00colu/page/248 248]}}</ref> Kata "sayap" pertama kali ditambahkan ke dalam istilah ''Kiri'' dan ''Kanan'' pada akhir abad ke-19 (biasanya dengan maksud merendahkan), dan istilah "sayap kiri" diterapkan pada mereka yang memiliki pandangan agama dan politik yang tidak lazim.
Istilah ''Kiri'' kemudian diterapkan pada sejumlah gerakan, seperti gerakan ''republikanisme'' di Prancis selama abad ke-18, diikuti oleh ''sosialisme'',<ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Alan |author-last1=Maass |author-first2=Howard |author-last2=Zinn |author-link2=Howard Zinn |title=The Case for Socialism |url=https://archive.org/details/caseforsocialism0000maas |quote=The ''International Socialist Review'' is one of the best left-wing journals around... |page=[https://archive.org/details/caseforsocialism0000maas/page/164 164] |publisher=[[Haymarket Books]] |edition=Revised |year=2010 |isbn=978-1608460731}}</ref> termasuk [[anarkisme]], [[komunisme]], [[gerakan buruh]], [[Marxisme]], [[demokrasi sosial]] dan [[sindikalisme]] pada abad ke-19 dan ke-20.<ref>{{cite book|author-first1=Michael |author-last1=Schmidt |author-first2=Lucien |author-last2=Van der Walt |author-link2=Lucien van der Walt |title=Black Flame: The Revolutionary Class Politics of Anarchism and Syndicalism |series=Counter-Power |volume=1 |publisher=[[AK Press]] |year=2009 |page=128 |quote=[...] anarchism is a coherent intellectual and political current dating back to the 1860s and the First International, and part of the labour and left tradition. |isbn=978-1-904859-16-1}}</ref> Sejak itu, istilah "sayap kiri" telah diterapkan pada berbagai gerakan,<ref>{{cite book|author-first=Jean Francois |author-last=Revel |title=Last Exit to Utopia |quote=In the United States, the word liberal is often used to describe the left wing of the Democratic party. |page=[https://archive.org/details/lastexittoutopia0000reve/page/24 24] |publisher=Encounter Books |year=2009 |isbn=978-1594032646 |url=https://archive.org/details/lastexittoutopia0000reve/page/24}}</ref> termasuk [[Gerakan Hak-Hak Sipil Afrika-Amerika (1955-1968)|gerakan hak-hak sipil]], [[gerakan feminis]], [[gerakan hak aborsi]], [[multikulturalisme]], [[gerakan anti-perang]] dan [[gerakan lingkungan hidup]],<ref>{{cite journal|author-first=Eric |author-last=Neumayer |title=The environment, left-wing political orientation, and ecological economics |journal=Ecological Economics |volume=51 |year=2004 |issue=3–4 |pages=167–175 |doi=10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.06.006 |url=http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/714/1/EE_51%283-4%29.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author-first=John |author-last=Barry |title=International Encyclopedia of Environmental Politics |quote=All surveys confirm that environmental concern is associated with green voting...[I]n subsequent European elections, green voters have tended to be more left-leaning...the party is capable of motivating its core supporters as well as other environmentally minded voters of predominantly left-wing persuasion... |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |year=2002 |isbn=978-0415202855 |url=https://archive.org/details/internationalenc0000unse_a2h7}}</ref> serta beragam ideologi [[partai politik]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.econ.ohio-state.edu/Fleisher/courses/econ508winter06/docs/Democratic_socialism.pdf |title=Democratic socialism |access-date=3 June 2017 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060902085146/http://www.econ.ohio-state.edu/Fleisher/courses/econ508winter06/docs/Democratic_socialism.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/sep/05/green-party-left-uk-politics-caroline-lucas |title=Green party to position itself as the real left of UK politics |author-first=Fiona |author-last=Harvey |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=5 September 2014}}</ref><ref name="sarnold">{{cite book|author-last=Arnold |author-first=N. Scott |title=Imposing values: an essay on liberalism and regulation |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordclinicalda00libg |url-access=limited |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2009 |location=Florence |isbn=978-0-495-50112-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordclinicalda00libg/page/n15 3] |quote=Modern liberalism occupies the left-of-center in the traditional political spectrum and is represented by the Democratic Party in the United States, the Labor Party in the United Kingdom, and the mainstream Left (including some nominally socialist parties) in other advanced democratic societies.}}</ref>
== Lihat pula ==▼
* [[Komunisme]]
* [[Anarkisme]]
* [[Marxisme]]
* [[Sosialisme demokratis]]
* [[Komunisme kiri]]
* [[Sosialisme libertarian]]
* [[Anarki pasca-kiri]]
* [[Progresivisme]]
* [[Demokrasi sosial]]▼
* [[Sindikalisme]]▼
=== Isu-isu sayap kiri ===
▲==Lihat pula==
* [[Antiglobalisasi]]
▲=====Ideologi sayap kiri =====
* [[
* [[
* [[
* [[
* [[
* [[
* [[
* [[
* [[
* [[
* [[
* [[Kaum Kiri dan perang]]▼
▲*[[Sindikalisme]]
===
* [[
* [[
* [[
* [[
* [[
▲*[[Demokrasi]]
▲*[[Kaum Kiri dan perang]]
* [[Gerakan sosial baru]]▼
* [[Neo Liberalisme]]
* [[Spektrum politik]]
* [[Politik kiri
* [[Sosialisme Kristen]]
== Referensi ==
▲=====Topik-topik politik terkait=====
{{reflist|30em}}
▲*[[Gerakan sosial baru]]
▲*[[Neo Liberalisme]]
▲*[[Spektrum politik]] -- membahas bermacam-macam pandangan dari berbagai penulis mengenai manfaat (atau kesia-siaan) dari dikotomi Kiri/Kanan dan tentang spektrum alternatifnya.
▲*[[Politik sayap-kanan]]
▲*[[Politik kiri-kanan]] -- membahas bermacam-macam pengertian dari berbagai penulis ketika mereka menggunakan istilah "kiri" dan "kanan" dalam konteks politik.
▲*[[Sosialisme Kristen]]
== Bacaan lanjutan ==
* ''Encyclopedia of the American Left'', ed. by [[Mari Jo Buhle]], [[Paul Buhle]], [[Dan Georgakas]], Second Edition, Oxford University Press 1998, {{ISBN|0-19-512088-4}}.
* Lin Chun, ''The British New Left'', Edinburgh : Edinburgh Univ. Press, 1993.
* Geoff Eley, ''Forging Democracy: The History of the Left in Europe, 1850–2000'', Oxford University Press 2002, {{ISBN|0-19-504479-7}}.
* "Leftism in India, 1917–1947", [[Satyabrata Rai Chowdhuri]], Palgrave Macmillan, UK, 2007, {{ISBN|978-0-230-51716-5}}.
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[[Kategori:Gerakan politik]]▼
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[[Kategori:Politik sayap kiri]]
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