Myrtus: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
k Bot: Perubahan kosmetika |
k →top: tanpa takson -> klad + clean up |
||
(9 revisi perantara oleh 4 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 1:
{{For|asteroid|9203 Myrtus}}
{{italic title}}
{{
| color = {{tc2|tumbuhan}}
|
|
|
|image2 = Illustration Myrtus communis0.jpg
|
|
{{kladtb|[[Tumbuhan berpembuluh|Tracheophyta]]}}
{{kladtb|[[Tumbuhan berbunga|Angiospermae]]}}
{{kladtb|[[Eudikotil]]}}
| ordo = [[Myrtales]]▼
{{kladtb|[[Rosid]]}}
| familia = [[Myrtaceae]]▼
| genus = '''''Myrtus'''''▼
|genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
|subdivision_ranks = Species |subdivision = '''''[[Myrtus communis]]''''' <small>[[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]</small><br/>'''''[[Myrtus nivellei]]''''' <small>Batt. & Trab.</small> |
|
|type_species=''Myrtus communis''
|type_species_authority=[[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]<ref>lectotype designated by A.P. de Candolle, Note Myrt. 7 (1826)</ref><ref name=u/>
|}}
[[Berkas:Myrtus communis MHNT.BOT.2007.40.51.jpg|
'''''Myrtus''''', dengan nama umum '''murad''' ({{lang-en|myrtle}}) merupakan suatu [[genus]] [[tumbuhan bunga]] dalam [[familia]] [[Myrtaceae]]. Pertama kali dipaparkan oleh [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]] pada tahun 1753.<ref name=u>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40024747 Tropicos, ''Myrtus'' L.]</ref>
Baris 40 ⟶ 42:
The plant is an [[evergreen]] [[shrub]] or small [[tree]], growing to {{convert|5|m|ft}} tall. The [[leaf]] is entire, 3–5 cm long, with a fragrant [[essential oil]].
The star-like [[flower]] has five petals and sepals, and numerous [[stamen]]s. Petals usually are white.
The fruit is a round [[berry]] containing several [[seed]]s, most commonly blue-black in colour. A variety with yellow-amber berries is also present. The seeds are dispersed by [[bird]]s that eat the berries.
Baris 60 ⟶ 62:
Jika lebih jarang dicukur, bunganya lebat pada akhir musim panas. Membutuhkan musim panas yang lama dan terik untuk menghasilkan bunga, dan perlu dilindungi dari ''frost'' musim dingin.
Spesies dan [[subspesies]] ''M.
=== Makanan ===
''Myrtus communis'' digunakan di pulau [[Sardinia]] dan [[Corsica]] untuk menghasilkan minuman keras beraroma yang disebut [[:en:Mirto (drink)|''Mirto'']] dengan cara [[:en:macerating|maserasi]] dalam [[alkohol]]. ''Mirto'' merupakan salah satu minuman khas Sardinia, tersedia dalam dua varietas: ''mirto rosso'' (merah) dihasilkan dari maserasi buah (''berries''), dan ''mirto bianco'' (putih) dihasilkan dari buah kuning, bahkan daun-daun, yang kurang lazim ditemukan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://it.wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Liquore_di_mirto |
Buah-buahnya (''berries''), utuh atau digiling, telah digunakan sebagai pengganti [[merica]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://theepicentre.com/spice/myrtle/ |title= Myrtle |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=
=== Obat-obatan ===
[[Berkas:MyrtleEssOil.png|
Murad menempati posisi utama dalam tulisan-tulisan [[Hippocrates]], [[Plinius yang Tua|Plinius]], [[:en:Dioscorides|Dioscorides]], [[Galen]], dan penulis-penulis Arab.<ref>Pharmacographia Indica (1891 edition), London</ref>
Di beberapa negara, terutama di Eropa and Tiongkok, ada tradisi untuk menggunakan bahan ini dalam pengobatan infeksi hidung (''sinus infections''). Suatu tinjauan sistematik obat-obatan tanaman yang digunakan untuk mengobati [[:en:rhinosinusitis|rhinosinusitis]] menyimpulkan bahwa bukti manfaat tanaman obat dalam pengobatan rhinosinusitis jumlahnya terbatas, dan tidak cukup bukti dari ''Myrtus'' untuk memastikan signifikansi hasil klinik.<ref>{{cite journal |
<!--
===In myth and ritual===-->
[[Berkas:Myrtus communis4.jpg|
[[Berkas:Blue myrtle berries sardinia.JPG|
<!-- This section is linked directly in [[L. A. Ring]] - If changing the title, change the link there. --><!--
;Classical
Baris 82 ⟶ 84:
In Rome, Virgil explains that “the poplar is most dear to Alcides, the vine to Bacchus, the myrtle to lovely Venus, and his own [[Bay Laurel|laurel]] to Phoebus.”<ref>Virgil, [[Eclogue]] VII.61-63.</ref> At the [[Veneralia]], women bathed wearing crowns woven of myrtle branches, and myrtle was used in wedding rituals. In the [[Aeneid]], myrtle marks the grave of the murdered [[Polydorus (son of Priam)|Polydorus]] in Thrace. Aeneus' attempts to uproot the shrub cause the ground to bleed, and the voice of his dead brother warns him to leave. The spears which impaled Polydorus have been magically transformed into the myrtle which marks his grave.<ref>[http://www.poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/Latin/VirgilAeneidIII.htm#_Toc536528096 ''Aeneid III, 19-68''], accessed 13 March 2014</ref>
In the Mediterranean, myrtle was symbolic of love and immortality.
;Jewish
In [[Jewish liturgy]], it is one of the four sacred plants of [[Sukkot]], the [[Feast of Tabernacles]] representing the different types of personality making up the community - the myrtle having fragrance but not pleasant taste, represents those who have good deeds to their credit despite not having knowledge from [[Torah]] study. Three branches are held by the worshippers along with a [[citron]], a [[Palm tree|palm]] leaf, and two [[willow]] branches. In [[Jewish mysticism]], the myrtle represents the phallic, masculine force at work in the universe. For this reason myrtle branches were sometimes given the bridegroom as he entered the nuptial chamber after a wedding (Tos. Sotah 15:8; Ketubot 17a). Myrtles are both the symbol and scent of [[Garden of Eden|Eden]] (BhM II: 52; Sefer ha-Hezyonot 17). The [[Hechalot]] text Merkavah Rabbah requires one to suck on a myrtle leaves as an element of a theurgic ritual. Kabbalists link myrtle to the sefirah of Tiferet and use sprigs in their Shabbat (especially Havdalah) rites to draw down its harmonizing power as the week is initiated (Shab. 33a; Zohar Chadash, SoS, 64d; Sha’ar ha-Kavvanot, 2, pp. 73–76).<ref>[[List of plants in the Bible]]</ref>
Myrtle leaves were added to the water in the last (7th) rinsing of the head in the traditional Sephardic tahara manual (teaching the ritual for washing the dead).
;Contemporary
Baris 96 ⟶ 98:
==Garden history==-->
[[Berkas:Gardenology.org-IMG 2781 rbgs11jan.jpg|
<!--
===Rome===
Baris 124 ⟶ 126:
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q165152}}
[[Kategori:Myrtus| ]]
|