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{{other uses}}
{{taxoboxTaxobox
| color = {{tc2|tumbuhan}}
|image = Prolećno cveće 3.JPG
|image_caption = ''[[Primula vulgaris]]''
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
{{kladtb|[[Tumbuhan berpembuluh|Tracheophyta]]}}
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
{{kladtb|[[Tumbuhan berbunga|Angiospermae]]}}
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
{{kladtb|[[Eudikotil]]}}
|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
{{kladtb|[[Asterid]]}}
|ordo = [[Ericales]]
|familia = [[Primulaceae]]
Baris 14 ⟶ 16:
|subdivision = beberapa; lihat teks
}}{{commons category}}
'''''Primula''''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|r|ɪ|m|j|ʊ|l|ə}}<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book.'' 1995. 606–607.</ref>, '''sembulau''' atau '''kembang kunci''' (Sleutelbloem) adalah sebuah [[genus]] yang umumnya [[tumbuhan berbunga]] [[terna]]<ref name=RHSAZ>{{cite book|title=RHS A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants|url=https://archive.org/details/azencyclopediaof0000unse|year=2008|publisher=Dorling Kindersley|location=United Kingdom|isbn=1405332964|pages=1136}}</ref> dalam [[keluargaFamili (biologi)|keluargafamili]] [[Primulaceae]]. ''Primula'' berasal dari hemisfer utara bersuhu hangat, selatan sampai pegunungan tropis di Ethiopia, Indonesia dan New GuineaPapua, dan di kawasan bersuhu sedang di selatan Amerika Selatan. Hampir setengah spesies yang diketahui berasal dari pegunungan Himalaya.<ref name="RHSAZ" />
 
Di Indonesia, bunga sembulau sangat langka dan dapat ditemukan di ketinggian tertentu, spesies lokal yang pernah dicatat oleh ilmuwan C.G.G.J. van Steenis asal Belanda, yaitu ''Primula imperialis'' (klasifikasi modern, menganggapnya sebagai sinonim dari ''[[Primula prolifefa]]'') yang dapat ditemukan di [[gunung Gede]], [[Gunung Papandayan|Papandayan]], [[Pegunungan Iyang|Iyang]] dan [[Gunung Pangrango|Pangrango]].
 
==Spesies==
Sejumlah spesies yang tergolong dalam genus ini:<ref name=china>[http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2&start_taxon_id=126719 ''Primula'': List of Records.] Flora of China.</ref><ref name=fna-list>[http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=1&start_taxon_id=126719 ''Primula'': List of Records.] Flora of North America.</ref><ref name=grin>[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?9834 GRIN Species Records of ''Primula''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924124239/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?9834 |date=2015-09-24 }} Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).</ref>
* ''[[Primula alcalina]]''
* ''[[Primula algida]]''
* ''[[Primula aliciae]]''
* ''[[Primula allionii]]''
* ''[[Primula alpicola]]''
* ''[[Primula amethystina]]''
* ''[[Primula angustifolia]]''
* ''[[Primula anisodora]]''
* ''[[Primula anvilensis]]''
* ''[[Primula appenina]]''
* ''[[Primula arunachalensis]]''<ref name=basak>Basak, S. K. and G. G. Maiti. 2000. ''Primula arunachalensis'' sp. nov. (Primulaceae) from the Eastern Himalaya. ''Acta Phytotax. Geobot.'' 51(1) 11-15.</ref>
* ''[[Primula atrodentata]]''
* ''[[Primula aurantiaca]]''
* ''[[Primula aureata]]''
* ''[[Primula auricula]]''
* ''[[Primula auriculata]]''
* ''[[Primula bathangensis]]''
* ''[[Primula beesiana]]''
* ''[[Primula bella]]''
* ''[[Primula bellidifolia]]''
* ''[[Primula bergenioides]]''
* ''[[Primula bhutanica]]''
* ''[[Primula blattariformis]]''
* ''[[Primula boothii]]''
* ''[[Primula borealis]]''
* ''[[Primula bracteosa]]''
* ''[[Primula bulleyana]]''
* ''[[Primula calderiana]]''
* ''[[Primula calliantha]]''
* ''[[Primula calyptrata]]''<ref name=xun>Xun, G. and F. Rhui-cheng. (2003). [http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/China/novon/novo-13-02-193.pdf ''Primula calyptrata'', a new species in section ''Carolinella'']</ref>
* ''[[Primula capillaris]]''
* ''[[Primula capitata]]''
** ''Primula capitata'' ssp. ''mooreana''
** ''Primula capitata'' ssp. ''crispata''
* ''[[Primula capitellata]]''
* ''[[Primula carniolica]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/161964/5521086|title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|access-date=2018-11-15}}</ref>
* ''[[Primula caveana]]''
* ''[[Primula cawdoriana]]''
* ''[[Primula cernua]]''
* ''[[Primula chionantha]]''
* ''[[Primula chumbiensis]]''
* ''[[Primula chungensis]]''
* ''[[Primula chasmophila]]''
* ''[[Primula clarkei]]''
* ''[[Primula clusiana]]''
* ''[[Primula clutterbuckii]]''
* ''[[Primula cockburniana]]''
* ''[[Primula concholoba]]''
* ''[[Primula concinna]]''
* ''[[Primula conspersa]]''
* ''[[Primula cortusoides]]''
* ''[[Primula cuneifolia]]''
* ''[[Primula cusickiana]]''
* ''[[Primula daonensis]]''
* ''[[Primula darialica]]''
* ''[[Primula davidii]]''
* ''[[Primula deflexa]]''
* ''[[Primula denticulata]]''
* ''[[Primula deorum]]''
* ''[[Primula deuteronana]]''
* ''[[Primula dryadifolia]]''
* ''[[Primula edgeworthii]]''
* ''[[Primula egaliksensis]]''
* ''[[Primula elatior]]''
* ''[[Primula elizabethiae]]''
* ''[[Primula elongata]]''
* ''[[Primula erythrocarpa]]''
* ''[[Primula farinosa]]''
* ''[[Primula farreriana]]''
* ''[[Primula fedschenkoi]]''
* ''[[Primula fenghwaiana]]''
* ''[[Primula filchnerae]]''
* ''[[Primula filipes]]''
* ''[[Primula firmipes]]''
* ''[[Primula fistulosa]]''
* ''[[Primula flaccida]]''
* ''[[Primula floribunda]]''
* ''[[Primula florindae]]''
* ''[[Primula forrestii]]''
* ''[[Primula frondosa]]''
* ''[[Primula gambeliana]]''
* ''[[Primula gemmifera]]''
* ''[[Primula geraniifolia]]''
* ''[[Primula giraldiana]]''
* ''[[Primula glabra]]''
* ''[[Primula glaucescens]]''
* ''[[Primula glomerata]]''
* ''[[Primula glutinosa]]''
* ''[[Primula gracilenta]]''
* ''[[Primula gracillipes]]''
* ''[[Primula griffithii]]''
* ''[[Primula halleri]]''
* ''[[Primula helodoxa]]''
* ''[[Primula hendersonii]]''
* ''[[Primula heucherifolia]]''
* ''[[Primula hirsuta]]''
* ''[[Primula hookeri]]''
* ''[[Primula incana]]''
* ''[[Primula interjacens]]''
* ''[[Primula involucrata]]''
* ''[[Primula ioessa]]''
* ''[[Primula irregularis]]''
* ''[[Primula japonica]]''
* ''[[Primula jesoana]]''
* ''[[Primula jigmediana]]''
* ''[[Primula juliae]]''
* ''[[Primula kingii]]''
* ''[[Primula kisoana]]''
* ''[[Primula kitaibeliana]]''
* ''[[Primula klattii]]''
* ''[[Primula laurentiana]]''
* ''[[Primula lihengiana]]''
* ''[[Primula listeri]]''
* ''[[Primula longiscapa]]''
* ''[[Primula lutea]]''
* ''[[Primula luteola]]''
* ''[[Primula macrophylla]]''
* ''[[Primula magellanica]]''
* ''[[Primula malacoides]]''
* ''[[Primula malvacea]]''
* ''[[Primula marginata]]''
* ''[[Primula megaseifolia]]''
* ''[[Primula melanantha]]''<ref name=rankin>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1111/j.1467-8748.2012.01768.x|title = 726. Primula Melanantha| journal=Curtis's Botanical Magazine| volume=29| pages=18–33|year = 2012|last1 = Rankin|first1 = David W. H.}}</ref>
* ''[[Primula melanops]]''
* ''[[Primula minima]]''
* ''[[Primula minor]]''
* ''[[Primula mistassinica]]''
* ''[[Primula modesta]]''
* ''[[Primula mollis]]''
* ''[[Primula moupinensis]]''<ref name=rix>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1111/j.1355-4905.2005.00477.x|title = 529. Primula Moupinensis. Primulaceae| journal=Curtis&apos;s Botanical Magazine| volume=22| issue=2| pages=119–123|year = 2005|last1 = Rix|first1 = Martyn}}</ref>
* ''[[Primula munroi]]''
* ''[[Primula muscarioides]]''
* ''[[Primula nipponica]]''
* ''[[Primula nivalis]]''
* ''[[Primula obconica]]''
* ''[[Primula orbicularis]]''
* ''[[Primula palinuri]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/161810/5498316|title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|access-date=2018-11-15}}</ref>
* ''[[Primula parryi]]''
* ''[[Primula pedemontana]]''
* ''[[Primula petelotii]]''<ref name=hu/>
* ''[[Primula petiolaris]]''
* ''[[Primula pinnatifida]]''
* ''[[Primula poissonii]]''
* ''[[Primula polyneura]]''
* ''[[Primula prenantha]]''
* ''[[Primula prolifera]]''
* ''[[Primula pulchella]]''
* ''[[Primula pulverulenta]]''
* ''[[Primula pumila]]''
* ''[[Primula reidii]]''
* ''[[Primula reinii]]''
* ''[[Primula renifolia]]''
* ''[[Primula reptans]]''
* ''[[Primula reticulata]]''
* ''[[Primula rockii]]''
* ''[[Primula rosea]]''
* ''[[Primula rotundifolia]]''
* ''[[Primula rusbyi]]''
* ''[[Primula sapphirina]]''
* ''[[Primula saxatilis]]''
* ''[[Primula scandinavica]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/162034/5537464|title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|access-date=2018-11-15}}</ref>
* ''[[Primula scapigera]]''
* ''[[Primula scotica]]''
* ''[[Primula secundiflora]]''
* ''[[Primula septemloba]]''
* ''[[Primula serratifolia]]''
* ''[[Primula sheriffii]]''
* ''[[Primula sieboldii]]''
* ''[[Primula sikkimensis]]''
* ''[[Primula sinensis]]''
* ''[[Primula sinolisteri]]''
* ''[[Primula sinomollis]]''
* ''[[Primula soldanelloides]]''
* ''[[Primula sonchifolia]]''
* ''[[Primula souliei]]''
* ''[[Primula spectabilis]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/161891/5509776|title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|access-date=2018-11-15}}</ref>
* ''[[Primula specuicola]]''
* ''[[Primula stricta]]''
* ''[[Primula strumosa]]''
* ''[[Primula suffrutescens]]''
* ''[[Primula szechuanica]]''
* ''[[Primula takedana]]''
* ''[[Primula tanneri]]''
* ''[[Primula tardiflora]]''<ref name=chi>Chi-Ming, H. (1994). [http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/novon/huchimi.htm New taxa and combinations in Chinese Primulaceae.] ''Novon'' 4(2) 103-105.</ref>
* ''[[Primula tenella]]''
* ''[[Primula tenuiloba]]''
* ''[[Primula tenuituba]]''<ref name=ming/>
* ''[[Primula tibetica]]''
* ''[[Primula tschuktschorum]]''
* ''[[Primula tyrolensis]]''
* ''[[Primula vaginata]]''
* ''[[Primula valentiniana]]''
* ''[[Primula veris]]''
* ''[[Primula verticillata]]''
* ''[[Primula vialii]]''
* ''[[Primula villosa]]''
* ''[[Primula vulgaris]]''
* ''[[Primula waltonii]]''
* ''[[Primula watsonii]]''
* ''[[Primula warshenewskiana]]''
* ''[[Primula whitei]]''
* ''[[Primula wilsonii]]''
* ''[[Primula wollastonii]]''
* ''[[Primula wulfeniana]]''
* ''[[Primula xanthopa]]''
* ''[[Primula yunnanensis]]''
* ''[[Primula yuparensis]]''
 
===Hibrida===
*''Primula'' × ''kewensis'' = ''P. floribunda'' × ''P. verticillata''<ref name=kewensis/>
*''Primula'' × ''polyantha'' = ''P. veris'' × ''P. vulgaris''<ref name=polyantha>{{GRIN | ''Primula'' × ''polyantha'' | 29671 | access-date = 12 December 2017}}</ref>
*''Primula'' × ''pubescens'' = ''P. hirsuta'' × ''P. auricula''
 
== Galeri ==
<gallery>
Berkas:Primula prolifera 1.jpg|right|thumb|''[[Primula prolifera]]''
Berkas:Primula rosea I IMG 7210.jpg|thumb|''Primula rosea''
Berkas:Primula sieboldii RB.jpg|right|thumb|''[[Primula sieboldii]]''
Berkas:Primula capitata ssp mooreana 5.JPG|thumb|right|''[[Primula capitata]]'' ssp. ''mooreana''
Berkas:Primula clarkei 01.jpg|thumb|''Primula clarkei''
Berkas:Primula denticulata (Sakhalin) 3.JPG|thumb|right|''[[Primula denticulata]]''
Berkas:Essex Oxlip - geograph.org.uk - 403865.jpg|thumb|''Primula elatior''
Berkas:Primula florindae inflorescence.jpg|thumb|''Primula florindae''
Berkas:Primula algida, Գնարբուկ սառը, Первоцвет холодный - panoramio.jpg|thumb|''Primula algida''
Berkas:Primula aurantiaca 2017-06-25 3083.jpg|thumb|''Primula auriantaca''
Berkas:Primula beesiana in Dunedin Botanic Garden 02.jpg|thumb|''Primula beesiana''
Berkas:Primula glutinosa.jpg|thumb|''Primula glutinosa''
Berkas:Primula helodoxa - Savill Garden - Windsor Great Park, England - DSC06424.jpg|thumb|''Primula helodoxa''
Berkas:Primula japonica 2.jpg|thumb|''Primula japonica''
Berkas:Primula marginata 07.jpg|thumb|''Primula marginata''
Berkas:Primula megaseifolia 003 GotBot 2016.jpg|thumb|''Primula megaseifolia''
Berkas:Primula veris01.jpg|thumb|''Primula veris''
Berkas:Orchid primrose.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Primula vialii]]''
Berkas:Auricula(1).jpg|right|thumb|''Primula'' × ''pubescens''
</gallery>
 
== Referensi ==
Baris 23 ⟶ 265:
* [http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Primula Armeniapedia: Medicinal Uses of ''Primula'']
* [http://www.americanprimrosesociety.org/ American Primrose Society]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q158974}}
 
[[Kategori:Primula| Primula]]
[[Kategori:Tumbuhan taman]]
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Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Sembulau"