Sembulau: Perbedaan antara revisi

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
kTidak ada ringkasan suntingan
Mitgatvm Bot (bicara | kontrib)
k top: tanpa takson -> klad + clean up
 
(17 revisi perantara oleh 11 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
{{other uses}}
{{taxoboxTaxobox
| color = {{tc2|tumbuhan}}
|image = Prolećno cveće 3.JPG
|image_caption = ''[[Primula vulgaris]]''
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
{{kladtb|[[Tumbuhan berpembuluh|Tracheophyta]]}}
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiospermae]]
{{kladtb|[[Tumbuhan berbunga|Angiospermae]]}}
|unranked_classis = [[Eudikotil]]
{{kladtb|[[Eudikotil]]}}
|unranked_ordo = [[Asteridae]]
{{kladtb|[[Asterid]]}}
|ordo = [[Ericales]]
|familia = [[Primulaceae]]
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|subdivision = beberapa; lihat teks
}}{{commons category}}
'''''Primula''''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|r|ɪ|m|j|ʊ|l|ə}}<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book.'' 1995. 606–607.</ref>, '''sembulau''' atau '''kembang kunci''' (Sleutelbloem) adalah sebuah [[genus]] yang umumnya [[tumbuhan berbunga]] [[terna]]<ref name=RHSAZ>{{cite book|title=RHS A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants|url=https://archive.org/details/azencyclopediaof0000unse|year=2008|publisher=Dorling Kindersley|location=United Kingdom|isbn=1405332964|pages=1136}}</ref> dalam [[keluargaFamili (biologi)|keluargafamili]] [[Primulaceae]]. ''Primula'' berasal dari hemisfer utara bersuhu hangat, selatan sampai pegunungan tropis di Ethiopia, Indonesia dan New GuineaPapua, dan di kawasan bersuhu sedang di selatan Amerika Selatan. Hampir setengah spesies yang diketahui berasal dari pegunungan Himalaya.<ref name="RHSAZ" />
 
Di Indonesia, bunga sembulau sangat langka dan dapat ditemukan di ketinggian tertentu, spesies lokal yang pernah dicatat oleh ilmuwan C.G.G.J. van Steenis asal Belanda, yaitu ''Primula imperialis'' (klasifikasi modern, menganggapnya sebagai sinonim dari ''[[Primula prolifefa]]'') yang dapat ditemukan di [[gunung Gede]], [[Gunung Papandayan|Papandayan]], [[Pegunungan Iyang|Iyang]] dan [[Gunung Pangrango|Pangrango]].
 
==Spesies==
[[File:Primula capitata ssp mooreana 5.JPG|thumb|right|''[[Primula capitata]]'' ssp. ''mooreana'']]
[[File:Primula clarkei 01.jpg|thumb|''Primula clarkei'']]
[[File:Primula denticulata (Sakhalin) 3.JPG|thumb|right|''[[Primula denticulata]]'']]
[[File:Essex Oxlip - geograph.org.uk - 403865.jpg|thumb|''Primula elatior''
[[File:Primula florindae inflorescence.jpg|thumb|''Primula florindae'']]
Sejumlah spesies yang tergolong dalam genus ini:<ref name=china>[http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=2&start_taxon_id=126719 ''Primula'': List of Records.] Flora of China.</ref><ref name=fna-list>[http://www.efloras.org/browse.aspx?flora_id=1&start_taxon_id=126719 ''Primula'': List of Records.] Flora of North America.</ref><ref name=grin>[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?9834 GRIN Species Records of ''Primula''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924124239/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?9834 |date=2015-09-24 }} Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).</ref>
[[File:Primula algida, Գնարբուկ սառը, Первоцвет холодный - panoramio.jpg|thumb|''Primula algida'']]
[[File:Primula aurantiaca 2017-06-25 3083.jpg|thumb|''Primula auriantaca'']]
[[File:Primula beesiana in Dunedin Botanic Garden 02.jpg|thumb|''Primula beesiana'']]
* ''[[Primula alcalina]]''
* ''[[Primula algida]]''
* ''[[Primula aliciae]]''
* ''[[Primula allionii]]''
* ''[[Primula alpicola]]''
Baris 46 ⟶ 42:
* ''[[Primula bella]]''
* ''[[Primula bellidifolia]]''
* ''[[Primula bergenioides]]''
* ''[[Primula bergenioides]]''<ref name=ming>Ming, H. C. and G. Y. Ying. (2003). [http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/novon/novo-13-02-196.pdf Two new species of ''Primula''
* ''[[Primula bhutanica]]''
* ''[[Primula blattariformis]]''
Baris 55 ⟶ 51:
* ''[[Primula calderiana]]''
* ''[[Primula calliantha]]''
* ''[[Primula calyptrata]]''<ref name=xun>Xun, G. and F. Rhui-cheng. (2003). [http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/China/novon/novo-13-02-193.pdf ''Primula calyptrata'', a new species in section ''Carolinella'']</ref>
* ''[[Primula capillaris]]''
* ''[[Primula capitata]]''
Baris 61 ⟶ 57:
** ''Primula capitata'' ssp. ''crispata''
* ''[[Primula capitellata]]''
* ''[[Primula carniolica]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/161964/5521086|title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|access-date=2018-11-15}}</ref> (Carniolan primrose)
* ''[[Primula caveana]]''
* ''[[Primula cawdoriana]]''
Baris 96 ⟶ 92:
* ''[[Primula farreriana]]''
* ''[[Primula fedschenkoi]]''
* ''[[Primula fenghwaiana]]''
* ''[[Primula fenghwaiana]]''<ref name=hu>Hu, C. M. and G. Hao. (2011). [http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8292855 New and noteworthy species of ''Primula''
* ''[[Primula filchnerae]]''
* ''[[Primula filipes]]''
Baris 106 ⟶ 102:
* ''[[Primula forrestii]]''
* ''[[Primula frondosa]]''
[[File:Primula glutinosa.jpg|thumb|''Primula glutinosa'']]
[[File:Primula helodoxa - Savill Garden - Windsor Great Park, England - DSC06424.jpg|thumb|''Primula helodoxa'']]
[[File:Primula japonica 2.jpg|thumb|''Primula japonica'']]
* ''[[Primula gambeliana]]''
* ''[[Primula gemmifera]]''
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* ''[[Primula klattii]]''
* ''[[Primula laurentiana]]''
* ''[[Primula lihengiana]]''
* ''[[Primula lihengiana]]''<ref name=li>Li, R. and C. M. Hu. (2009). [http://www.sekj.org/PDF/anb46-free/anb46-130.pdf ''Primula lihengiana''
[[File:Primula marginata 07.jpg|thumb|''Primula marginata'']]
[[File:Primula megaseifolia 003 GotBot 2016.jpg|thumb|''Primula megaseifolia'']]
* ''[[Primula listeri]]''
* ''[[Primula longiscapa]]''
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* ''[[Primula mollis]]''
* ''[[Primula moupinensis]]''<ref name=rix>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1111/j.1355-4905.2005.00477.x|title = 529. Primula Moupinensis. Primulaceae| journal=Curtis&apos;s Botanical Magazine| volume=22| issue=2| pages=119–123|year = 2005|last1 = Rix|first1 = Martyn}}</ref>
[[Image:Primula prolifera 1.jpg|right|thumb|''[[Primula prolifera]]'']]
[[File:Primula rosea I IMG 7210.jpg|thumb|''Primula rosea'']]
[[Image:Primula sieboldii RB.jpg|right|thumb|''[[Primula sieboldii]]'']]
* ''[[Primula munroi]]''
* ''[[Primula muscarioides]]''
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* ''[[Primula obconica]]''
* ''[[Primula orbicularis]]''
[[File:Primula veris01.jpg|thumb|''Primula veris'']]
[[File:Orchid primrose.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Primula vialii]]'']]
[[Image:Auricula(1).jpg|right|thumb|''Primula'' × ''pubescens'']]
* ''[[Primula palinuri]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/161810/5498316|title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|access-date=2018-11-15}}</ref>
* ''[[Primula parryi]]''
Baris 197 ⟶ 182:
* ''[[Primula sapphirina]]''
* ''[[Primula saxatilis]]''
* ''[[Primula scandinavica]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/162034/5537464|title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|website=IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|access-date=2018-11-15}}</ref> (Scandinavian primrose)
* ''[[Primula scapigera]]''
* ''[[Primula scotica]]''
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* ''[[Primula valentiniana]]''
* ''[[Primula veris]]''
* ''[[Primula verticillata]]''<ref name=kewensis>[http://www.kew.org/plants-fungi/Primula-verticillata.htm ''Primula verticillata''
* ''[[Primula vialii]]''
* ''[[Primula villosa]]''
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*''Primula'' × ''polyantha'' = ''P. veris'' × ''P. vulgaris''<ref name=polyantha>{{GRIN | ''Primula'' × ''polyantha'' | 29671 | access-date = 12 December 2017}}</ref>
*''Primula'' × ''pubescens'' = ''P. hirsuta'' × ''P. auricula''
 
== Galeri ==
<gallery>
[[ImageBerkas:Primula prolifera 1.jpg|right|thumb|''[[Primula prolifera]]'']]
[[FileBerkas:Primula rosea I IMG 7210.jpg|thumb|''Primula rosea'']]
[[ImageBerkas:Primula sieboldii RB.jpg|right|thumb|''[[Primula sieboldii]]'']]
[[FileBerkas:Primula capitata ssp mooreana 5.JPG|thumb|right|''[[Primula capitata]]'' ssp. ''mooreana'']]
[[FileBerkas:Primula clarkei 01.jpg|thumb|''Primula clarkei'']]
[[FileBerkas:Primula denticulata (Sakhalin) 3.JPG|thumb|right|''[[Primula denticulata]]'']]
[[FileBerkas:Essex Oxlip - geograph.org.uk - 403865.jpg|thumb|''Primula elatior''
[[FileBerkas:Primula florindae inflorescence.jpg|thumb|''Primula florindae'']]
[[FileBerkas:Primula algida, Գնարբուկ սառը, Первоцвет холодный - panoramio.jpg|thumb|''Primula algida'']]
[[FileBerkas:Primula aurantiaca 2017-06-25 3083.jpg|thumb|''Primula auriantaca'']]
[[FileBerkas:Primula beesiana in Dunedin Botanic Garden 02.jpg|thumb|''Primula beesiana'']]
[[FileBerkas:Primula glutinosa.jpg|thumb|''Primula glutinosa'']]
[[FileBerkas:Primula helodoxa - Savill Garden - Windsor Great Park, England - DSC06424.jpg|thumb|''Primula helodoxa'']]
[[FileBerkas:Primula japonica 2.jpg|thumb|''Primula japonica'']]
[[FileBerkas:Primula marginata 07.jpg|thumb|''Primula marginata'']]
[[FileBerkas:Primula megaseifolia 003 GotBot 2016.jpg|thumb|''Primula megaseifolia'']]
[[FileBerkas:Primula veris01.jpg|thumb|''Primula veris'']]
[[FileBerkas:Orchid primrose.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Primula vialii]]'']]
[[ImageBerkas:Auricula(1).jpg|right|thumb|''Primula'' × ''pubescens'']]
</gallery>
 
== Referensi ==
Baris 257 ⟶ 265:
* [http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Primula Armeniapedia: Medicinal Uses of ''Primula'']
* [http://www.americanprimrosesociety.org/ American Primrose Society]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q158974}}
 
[[Kategori:Primula| ]]