Kepresidenan Madras: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
What a joke (bicara | kontrib) ←Membuat halaman berisi '{{Infobox Former Subdivision |native_name =மெட்ராஸ் மாகாணம்<br/>మద్రాస్ రాష్ట్రభాగము |conventional_...' Tag: Suntingan perangkat seluler Suntingan peramban seluler |
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
||
(18 revisi perantara oleh 8 pengguna tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 9:
|date_start1 =
|year_end = 1950
|
|
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|p1 = Kepresidenan Bantam
Baris 17:
|flag_p1 =British East India Company flag.svg
|flag_s1 = British East India Company flag.svg
|
▲|event_start2= Agensi Benteng St George di Madraspatnam menjadi Kepresidenan Madras
|year_end2 = 1950
|date_end2 =
|event_end2= [[Republik India]]
|p2 = Kepresidenan Surat
|s2 = Negara Bagian Madras
Baris 39 ⟶ 36:
}}
{{Kolonial India}}
'''Kepresidenan Madras''', yang bernama resmi '''Kepresidenan Benteng St. George''' dan juga dikenal sebagai '''Provinsi Madras''', adalah sebuah [[Kepresidenan dan provinsi di India Britania|subdivisi administratif (kepresidenan)]] di [[India Britania]]. Pada masa kejayaannya, kepresidenan tersebut meliputi kebanyakan wilayah [[selatan India]], yang meliputi wilayah pada masa sekarang dari negara bagian India [[Tamil Nadu]] dan [[Andhra Pradesh]] dan sebagian dari [[Odisha]], [[Kerala]] dan [[Karnataka]] dan wilayah persatuan [[Lakshadweep]]. Kota [[Madras]] adalah
Setelah [[reformasi Montague-Chelmsford]] pada 1919, Madras menjadi provinsi pertama dari [[India Britania]] untuk mengimplementasikan sistem [[diarki]], dan setelah itu Gubernur-nya memerintah bersama dengan seorang perdana menteri. Pada awal dekade abad ke-20, beberapa kontributor signifikan dari [[gerakan kemerdekaan India]] berasal dari Madras. Dengan adanya [[kemerdekaan India]] pada 15 Agustus 1947, Kepresidenan tersebut dibubarkan. Madras kemudian dijadikan sebagai [[Negara Bagian Madras]], sebuah negara bagian dari India Serikat dan peresmian Republik India pada 26 Januari 1950, dan [[Undang-Undang Reorganisasi Negara Bagian 1956|direorganisir pada 1956]].
==
=== Sebelum kedatangan Inggris ===
Penemuan [[dolmen]]-dolmen di wilayah subbenua tersebut menunjukan bahwa wilayah tersebut telah ditinggal sejak awal [[Zaman Batu]]. Penguasa berpengaruh pertama dari bagian utara yang kelak menjadi Kepresidenan tersebut adalah [[dinasti Satawahana]] [[bahasa Telugu|Telugu]] (230 SM - 102 Masehi). Setelah perpecahan kerajaan Satawahana di [[Andhra State|Andhra]] dan Chola di Tamil Nadu, negara tersebut ditaklukan suku bangsa ras kecil yang disebut [[Kalabhra]].<ref name = "ptsrinivasaiyengar_p535">[[#History of the Tamils|Iyengar 1929]], p. 535</ref> Negara tersebut kembali ditaklukan dibawah kekuasaan [[dinasti Pallawa]] dan peradaban-nya memuncak pada masa kekuasaan Chola dan Pandya. Antara 1685 dan 1947, sejumlah raja menguasai wilayah yang kemudian menjadi bagian dari Kepresidenan Madras.<ref name="dolmens">[[#Thurston|Thurston 1913]], pp. 138–142</ref>
== Sejarah ==
{{main|Sejarah Kepresidenan Madras}}
[[Berkas:Stinger Lawrence and Nawab Wallajah.JPG|150px|jmpl|kiri|[[Stringer Lawrence]] yang mendirikan Angkatan Darat Madras dengan [[Muhammed Ali Khan Wallajah]], [[Nawab Karnatik]]]]
[[Berkas:20 Cash 1803, British India, Madras.jpg|jmpl|260px|Koin Kepresidenan Madras, 1803]]
== Catatan ==
{{reflist}}
Baris 51 ⟶ 58:
* {{cite book|title=Slavery and the slave trade in British India: with notices of the existence of these evils in the islands of Ceylon, Malacca, and Penang, drawn from official documents|publisher=T. Ward, and to be had at the office of the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery society|year=1841|last=British and Foreign Anti-slavery Society|ref=British and Foreign Anti-slavery Society}}
* {{cite book|title=Standing Information regarding the Official Administration of Madras Presidency|first=MaClean|last=C. D.|authorlink=|publisher=Government of Madras|year=1877|ref=Official Administration of the Madras Presidency}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book|title=The Imperial Gazetteer of India 1908|last=Hunter|first=Sir William Wilson
* {{cite book
* Madras District Gazetteers
* {{cite book|title=Memorandum of progress of the Madras Presidency during the last forty years of British Administration|last=Raghavaiyangar|first=Srinivasa|authorlink=S. Srinivasa Raghavaiyangar|publisher=Government of Madras|year=1893|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=fkEeAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=madras+presidency&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Uiy9UJGWFMWo0AHUg4CoCQ&ved=0CE0Q6AEwCQ|ref=Memorandum of progress}}
* {{cite book|title=Economic Studies Vol I:Some South Indian villages|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.84329|last=Slater|first=Gilbert|authorlink=Gilbert Slater|publisher=|year=1918|ref=Slater}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
* {{cite book|title=Provincial Geographies of India:The Madras Presidency with Mysore, Coorg and Associated States|last=Thurston|first=Edgar|authorlink=Edgar Thurston|publisher=Cambridge University|year=1913|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=hTc1AQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=madras+presidency&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Uiy9UJGWFMWo0AHUg4CoCQ&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAQ|ref=Thurston}}
* {{cite book|title=Castes and Tribes of Southern India Vol. I to VII|last=Thurston|first=Edgar|author2=[[K. Rangachari]]
;Publikasi lainnya
* {{cite book|title=The Aristocracy of South India|first=Vadivelu|last=A.|publisher=Vest & Co.|year=1903|ref=Aristocracy of South India}}
* {{cite book|title=South India and her Muhammadan Invaders|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.88811|last=Aiyangar|first=Sakkottai Krishnaswami|authorlink=S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar|publisher=Oxford University|year=1921|ref=South India and her Muhammadan Invaders}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
* {{cite book|title=The history of the Indian revolt and of the expeditions to Persia, China, and Japan, 1856 – 7 – 8: With maps, plans, and wood engrav. [Umschlagt.:] Chambers"s history of the revolt in India|last=Dodd|first=George|year=1859|publisher=W. U. R. Chambers|ref=Dodd}}
* {{cite book|title=Southern India|first=Penny|last=F. E.|author2=Lady Lawley|publisher=A. C. Black|year=1914|ref=Southern India}}
* {{cite book|title=Peeps at many lands: Home Life in India|first=John|last=Finnemore|publisher=A. & C. Black, Ltd|place=London|year=1917|ref=Home Life in India}}
* {{cite book|title=The Armies of India|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282979|first=Major MacMunn|last=G. F.|author2=Major A. C. Lovett|publisher=Adam and Charles Black|pages=|year=1911|ref=Armies of India}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
* {{cite book|title=Indian Students Geography|url=https://archive.org/details/indianstudentsg00pirigoog|publisher=Methodist Episcopal Church Press|year=1883|first=A. H.
* {{cite book|title=Southern India: Its History, People, Commerce, and Industrial Resources|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.venugopal.558|last=Playne|first=Somerset|authorlink=|author2=J. W. Bond
* {{cite book|last=Price|first=Thomas|ref=Price|title=Slavery in America: With Notices of the Present State of Slavery and the Slave Trade Throughout the World|year=1837|publisher=Oxford University}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book|title=Some Madras Leaders|last=|first=|publisher=Babu Bhishambher Nath Bhargava|year=1922|ref=Some Madras Leaders}}
* {{cite book
;Publikasi kontemporer
Baris 87 ⟶ 94:
* {{cite book|title=A field of one's own: gender and land rights in South Asia|ref=Agarwal|first=Bina|last= Aggarwal|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1994|ISBN=0-521-42926-9}}
* {{cite book|title=A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century|first1=Farooqui Salma|last=Ahmed|first2=Salma|last2=Ahmed Farooqui|publisher=Pearson Education India|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=sxhAtCflwOMC&pg=PA398&dq=ryotwari+system&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QPErUdWpGpCQ8wSp7IHIDw&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=ryotwari%20system&f=false|pages=|isbn=9788131732021|ref=Ahmed|year=2011}}
*
* {{cite book|title=Quality of Work Life in Commercial Banks|last=B.|first= Anitha|publisher=Discovery Publishing House|ISBN=81-7141-431-1|year=1998}}
* {{cite book|title=Culture, creation, and procreation: concepts of kinship in South Asian practice|ref=Böck|first1=Monika|last1= Böck|first2= Aparna|last2= Rao|publisher=Berghahn Books|year=2000|ISBN=1-57181-911-8}}
* {{cite book|title=Slavery & South Asian History|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=Nsh8NHDQHlcC&pg=PA232&dq=madras+presidency+%2B+slavery+law&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_-DDUJ7OCYX88QTWnIHgAg&ved=0CEYQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=madras%20presidency%20%2B%20slavery%20law&f=false|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=0-253-34810-2|year=2006|first1=Indrani|last1=Chatterjee|first2=Richard Maxwell
* {{cite book|title=The Trading World of Asia and the English East India Company: 1660–1760|last=
* {{cite book
* {{cite book|title=The Growth of public opinion in the Madras Presidency (1858–1909)|last=D.|first= Sadasivan|publisher=University of Madras|year=1974|ref=Sadasivan}}
* {{cite book|title=Religion and nationalism in India: the case of the Punjab|first=Harnik|last= Deol|publisher=Routledge|year=2000|ISBN=978-0-415-20108-7|ref=Deol}}
* {{cite book|title=Social background of Indian nationalism|first=A. R.
* {{cite book
* {{cite book|title=Regional Surveys of the world: Far East and Australasia 2003|url=https://archive.org/details/fareastaustralas0000unse_y7m0|last=Eur|year=2002|publisher=Psychology Press|ISBN=9781857431339|ref=Eur}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book|title=Queen Victoria: A Personal History|url=https://archive.org/details/queenvictoriaper0000hibb|first=Christopher|last=
* {{cite book|title=Mining the home movie: excavations in histories and memories|ref=Ishizuka|first1=Karen L.
* {{cite book
* {{cite book|title=Pop culture India: media, arts, and lifestyle
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
* {{cite book|title=Land and Caste in South India: Agricultural Labor in the Madras Presidency During the Nineteenth Century|last=Kumar|first=Dharma|publisher=CUP Archive|place=|year=1965|url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=psw5AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=madras+presidency+population&hl=en&sa=X&ei=LMy-UNfXJY-o8ATjt4HAAg&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAA|ref=Kumar}}
* {{cite book|title=Motivation And Morale in Banking Administration: A Study Of Four Branches Of United Commercial Bank|chapter=Historical Background of Banking System|year=2003|first=Naresh|last= Kumar|publisher=Mittal Publications|ISBN=81-7099-897-2|ref=Banking Administration}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
* {{cite book|last=Mollin|first=Sandra|title=Euro-English: assessing variety status|year=2006|publisher=Gunter Narr Verlag|isbn=978-3-8233-6250-0|page=|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=qPhULmMmqJMC&pg=PA17|accessdate=2012-11-17|ref=Mollin}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book|title=Matrilineal system in Malabar|last=P. V.
* {{Cite book
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
* {{cite book|title=History|first1=Raghunath|last=Rai|publisher=FK Publications|isbn=9788187139690|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Z4-8Z0gqBkoC&pg=PA91&dq=ryotwari+system&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QPErUdWpGpCQ8wSp7IHIDw&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=ryotwari%20system&f=false|year=2011|ref=Rai|access-date=2015-08-06|archive-date=2014-05-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519110654/http://books.google.com/books?id=Z4-8Z0gqBkoC&pg=PA91&dq=ryotwari+system&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QPErUdWpGpCQ8wSp7IHIDw&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=ryotwari%20system&f=false|dead-url=yes}}
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
* {{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of violence against women and dowry death in India|ref=Roy|first=Kalpana|last= Roy|publisher=Anmol Publications Private Limited|year=2002|ISBN=81-261-0343-4}}
* {{cite book|title=East India Company the Worlds Most Powerful Company|last=Roy|first=
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
* {{cite book|title=Religion and Social Conflict in South Asia|url=https://archive.org/details/religionsocialco0000unse|first=Bardwell L.
* {{cite book|title=India: social structure|first=Mysore Narasimhachar|last= Srinivas|publisher=Transaction Publishers|year=1982|isbn=9781412826198|ref=Srinivas}}
* {{cite book|title=Cinemas of India|url=https://archive.org/details/cinemasofindia0000thor|page=|first=Yves|last= Thoraval|publisher=Macmillan India|year=2000|ISBN=0-333-93410-5|ref=Thoraval}}
* {{cite book|title=The Pearson CSAT Manual 2011|last=
* {{cite book
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/multimedia-larga-1931233004|title=Fuzzy and Neutrosophic Analysis of Periyar's Views on Untouchability|year=2005|publisher=Infinite Study|last=W. B.|first=
* {{cite book|title=The Nattukottai Chettiar Merchant Bankers in Ceylon|publisher= Tisara Prakasakayo|last=W. S.
* {{cite book
* {{cite book
{{refend}}
== Pranala luar ==
Baris 167 ⟶ 174:
[[Kategori:Kolonial Kerala]]
[[Kategori:Sejarah Odisha]]
[[Kategori:Pendirian tahun 1652
[[Kategori:Pembubaran tahun 1950
|