Islam di India: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 1:
{{Islam by country}}
[[Berkas:GolGumbaz2.jpg|jmpl|200px|[[Gol Gumbaz]] di [[Bijapur]], memiliki kubah pra-modern terbesar kedua di dunia setelah [[Hagia Sophia]].]]{{Infobox religious group|group=Islam di India|population= 210.765.819 (2021)<br>
'''14.6%''' dari total populasi {{increase}}<ref>[https://www.indiaonlinepages.com/population/muslim-population-in-india.html]</ref>|regions=[[Lakshadweep]] (96.58%), [[Jammu dan Kashmir]] (68.31%), [[Assam]] (34.22%), [[Benggala Barat]] (27.01%), [[Kerala]] (26.56%), [[Uttar Pradesh]] (19.26%), [[Bihar]] (16.87%)|religions=[[Sunni]] (mayoritas) dan [[Syiah]] (Minoritas)|languages=Mayoritas [[Bahasa Urdu|Urdu]] sebagian kecil mengunakan bahasa [[Bahasa Arab|Arab]]}}{{Islam by country}}
'''[[Islam]]''' adalah agama terbesar kedua di Republik '''[[India]]''' setelah [[Hindu]], dengan lebih dari 14,4% penduduk negara tersebut (lebih dari 138 juta per 2001 sensus dan 160.900.000 per 2009 estimasi) menyebut diri sebagai Muslim.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html#People |title=CIA's The World Factbook - India |access-date=2010-04-29 |archive-date=2008-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611033144/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html#People |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="Indian Census">[http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_glance/religion.aspx][[Demographics of India#Religious demographics|Census of Indian: Religious Composition]]<span> </span></ref>
India merupakan negara dengan populasi Muslim terbesar ketiga di dunia setelah [[Pakistan]], dan [[Indonesia]].
<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=A5XRAAAAMAAJ&q=india+third+largest+muslim&dq=india+third+largest+muslim&lr=&client=firefox-a&pgis=1 Pg 11, Indian and foreign review By India. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Publications Division]</ref> dan populasi terbesar di dunia bagi Muslim-minoritas.<ref>[http://www.faqs.org/minorities/South-Asia/Muslims-of-India.html Muslims of India]</ref> Sebagian besar penduduk Muslim adalah berasal dari lokal dengan tidak terdeteksi atau kecil pada tingkat nyata dari aliran gen dari luar, terutama dari [[Iran]] dan Tengah Asia, bukan langsung dari Semenanjung Arab.<ref>http://www.nature.com/jhg/journal/v54/n6/full/jhg200938a.html</ref> Masalah yurisdiksi melibatkan Muslim di India yang berkaitan dengan perkawinan, warisan dan sifat wakf diatur oleh Hukum Personal Muslim,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.law.yale.edu/rcw/rcw/jurisdictions/assc/india/India_Musl_Personal.htm |title=Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937 - Resources for Jurisdictional Research, Yale |access-date=2010-04-29 |archive-date=2010-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100728183442/http://www.law.yale.edu/rcw/rcw/jurisdictions/assc/india/India_Musl_Personal.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> dan pengadilan telah memutuskan bahwa Syariah atau hukum Islam, memiliki keunggulan untuk muslim di atas hukum sipil India.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/1992/12/11/world/hatreds-india-hindu-memory-scarred-centuries-sometimes-despotic-islamic-rule.html The Hatreds of India; Hindu Memory Scarred by Centuries Of Sometimes Despotic Islamic Rule]New York Times, Published: December 11, 1992</ref> Mayoritas Muslim India adalah Islam Sunni bermazhab Hanafi.<ref name="hmgaintro_mma">[http://www.aaiil.org/text/books/mali/callofislam/reformermujaddiddeathjesusmessiahimammahdidajjalggogmagog.shtml “The Fourteenth-Century's Reformer / Mujaddid”, from the “Call of Islam”] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518063103/http://www.aaiil.org/text/books/mali/callofislam/reformermujaddiddeathjesusmessiahimammahdidajjalggogmagog.shtml|date=2017-05-18}}, by [[Maulana Muhammad Ali]]</ref><ref>[http://www.alislam.org/books/3in1/chap2/index.html Claims of Hadhrat Ahmad, Chapter Two]</ref><ref>[http://www.alislam.org/books/truth/reflection.html Reflection of all the Prophets]</ref><ref>[http://www.alislam.org/library/books/revelation/part_7_section_1.html Future of Revelation, Part 7]</ref><ref>[http://www.alislam.org/books/misunderstandingremoved.html The Removal of a Misunderstanding]</ref>
== Demografi ==
Dengan sekitar 204.000.000 [[muslim]] pada tahun 2019, populasi muslim [[India]] adalah yang terbesar ketiga di [[dunia]] dan populasi [[Kaum minoritas|minoritas]] Muslim terbesar di dunia. India adalah rumah bagi 10.9% populasi Muslim dunia.
=== Populasi Muslim terbesar (5 negara teratas) pada tahun 2024 ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Negara
!Populasi Muslim
!Persentase (%) dari total populasi Muslim dunia
|-
|{{Flag|Pakistan}}
|240.800.000
|11.8%
|-
|{{Flag|Indonesia}}
|236.000.000
|11.1%
|-
|{{flag|India}}
|'''207.000.000'''
|'''10.9%'''
|-
|{{Flag|Bangladesh}}
|153.700.000
|9.2%
|-
|{{Flag|Nigeria}}
|99.000.000
|5.3%
|}
=== Penganut Islam menurut negara bagian (2011) ===
Berikut merupakan jumlah penganut Islam di India menurut sensus penduduk India pada tahun 2011.<ref>https://www.census2011.co.in/data/religion/2-muslims.html</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
! Negara Bagian
! Populasi Muslim
! %
|-
| [[Andhra Pradesh]] (termasuk [[Telangana]])
| 8.082.412
| 9.56%
|-
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| 27.045
| 1.95%
|-
| [[Assam]]
| 10.679.345
| 34.22%
|-
| [[Bengal Barat]]
| 24.654.825
|27.01%
|-
| [[Bihar]]
|17.557.809
|16.87%
|-
| [[Chandigarh]]
| 51.447
| 4.87%
|-
| [[Chhattisgarh]]
| 514.998
| 2.02%
|-
| [[Dadra dan Nagar Haveli]]
| 12.922
| 3.76%
|-
| [[Daman dan Diu]]
| 19.277
| 7.92%
|-
| [[Delhi]]
| 2.158.684
| 12.86%
|-
| [[Goa]]
| 121.564
| 8.33%
|-
| [[Gujarat]]
| 5.846.761
| 9.67%
|-
| [[Haryana]]
| 1.781.342
| 7.03%
|-
| [[Himachal Pradesh]]
| 149.881
| 2.18%
|-
| [[Jammu dan Kashmir]]
|'''8.567.485'''
|'''68.31%'''
|-
| [[Jharkand]]
| 4.793.994
| 14.53%
|-
| [[Karnataka]]
| 7.893.065
| 12.92%
|-
| [[Kepulauan Andaman dan Nikobar]]
| 32.413
| 8.52%
|-
| [[Kerala]]
| 8.873.472
| 26.56%
|-
| [[Lakshadweep]]
|'''62.268'''
|'''96.58%'''
|-
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| 4.774.695
| 6.57%
|-
| [[Maharashtra]]
| 12.971.152
| 11.54%
|-
| [[Manipur]]
| 239.836
| 8.40%
|-
| [[Meghalaya]]
| 130.399
| 4.4%
|-
| [[Mizoram]]
| 14.382
| 1.35%
|-
| [[Nagaland]]
| 48.963
| 2.47%
|-
| [[Orissa]]
| 911.670
| 2.17%
|-
| [[Pondicherry]]
| 75.556
| 6.05%
|-
| [[Punjab]]
| 534.489
| 1.93%
|-
| [[Rajasthan]]
| 6.215.377
| 9.07%
|-
| [[Sikkim]]
| 9.867
| 1.62%
|-
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| 4.229.479
| 5.86%
|-
| [[Tripura]]
| 316.042
| 8.60%
|-
| [[Uttarakhand]]
| 1.406.825
| 13.95%
|-
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| 38.483.967
| 19.26%
|-
|'''TOTAL'''
|'''172.245.158'''
|'''14.23%'''
|}
=== Penganut Islam pada tahun 2001 hingga 2011 ===
Pada tahun 2011, populasi Muslim India adalah 172.245.158 orang. Berikut merupakan pertumbuhan populasi Muslim per negara bagian 2001-2011<ref>{{Cite web|last=Amir|first=Tariq|date=2016-11-13|title=Pakistan Geotagging: Muslim Population Of India: According To The Census of 2011|url=http://pakgeotagging.blogspot.com/2016/11/muslim-population-of-india-according-to.html|website=Pakistan Geotagging|access-date=2021-12-31}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Negara Bagian
!Muslim
!2001
!2011
!Perubahan
|-
|Andhra Pradesh
|3.617.713
|6.93%
|7.33%
|{{Increase}} 0.40
|-
|Arunachal Pradesh
|27.045
|1.88%
|1.95%
|{{Increase}} 0.07
|-
|Assam
|10.155.691
|30.92%
|34.22%
|{{Increase}} 3.3
|-
|Benggala Barat
|24.654.825
|25.25%
|27.01%
|{{increase}} 1.74
|-
|Bihar
|17.557.809
|16.53%
|16.87%
|{{Increase}} 0.34
|-
|Chhatisgarh
|514.998
|1.97%
|2.02%
|{{Increase}} 0.05
|-
|Goa
|121.564
|6.54%
|8.33%
|{{Increase}} 1.79
|-
|Gujarat
|5.846.761
|9.36%
|9.67
|{{Increase}} 0.31
|-
|Haryana
|1.781.342
|5.78%
|7.03%
|{{Increase}} 1.25
|-
|Himachal Pradesh
|149.881
|1.97%
|2.18%
|{{Increase}} 0.21
|-
|Jammu and Kashmir
|'''8.567.485'''
|'''66.97%'''
|'''68.31%'''
|{{Increase}} '''1.34'''
|-
|Jharkhand
|4.793.994
|13.85%
|14.53%
|{{Increase}} 0.68
|-
|Karnataka
|7.893.065
|12.23%
|12.92%
|{{Increase}} 0.69
|-
|Kerala
|8.873.472
|24.69%
|26.56%
|{{Increase}} 1.87
|-
|Madhya Pradesh
|4.774.695
|6.37%
|6.57%
|{{Increase}} 0.20
|-
|Maharashtra
|12.971.152
|10.60%
|11.54%
|{{Increase}} 0.94
|-
|Manipur
|239.836
|8.81%
|8.40%
|{{decrease}} 0.41
|-
|Meghalaya
|130.399
|4.27%
|4.40%
|{{increase}} 0.13
|-
|Mizoram
|14.832
|1.14%
|1.35%
|{{increase}} 0.21
|-
|Nagaland
|48.963
|1.76%
|2.47%
|{{increase}} 0.71
|-
|Odisha
|911.670
|2.07%
|2.17%
|{{increase}} 0.10
|-
|Punjab
|535.489
|1.57%
|1.93%
|{{increase}} 0.36
|-
|Rajasthan
|6.215.377
|8.47%
|9.07%
|{{increase}} 0.60
|-
|Sikkim
|9.867
|1.42%
|1.62%
|{{increase}} 0.20
|-
|Tamil Nadu
|4.229.479
|5.56%
|5.86%
|{{increase}} 0.30
|-
|Telangana
|4.464.699
|12.43%
|12.69%
|{{increase}} 0.26
|-
|Tripura
|316.042
|7.95%
|8.60%
|{{increase}} 0.65
|-
|Uttar Pradesh
|38.483.967
|18.97%
|19.26%
|{{Increase}} 0.29
|-
|Uttarakhand
|1.406.825
|11.92%
|13.95
|{{increase}} 2.03
|-
|'''Teritorial'''
| colspan="4" |
|-
|Andaman Nikobar
|32.413
|8.22%
|8.52%
|{{increase}} 0.30
|-
|Chandigarh
|51.477
|3.95%
|4.87%
|{{increase}} 0.92
|-
|Dadra dan Nagar Haveli
|12.922
|2.96%
|3.76%
|{{Increase}} 0.80
|-
|Daman dan Diu
|19.277
|7.77%
|7.92%
|{{Increase}} 0.15
|-
|Delhi
|2.158.684
|11.72%
|12.86%
|{{Increase}} 1.14
|-
|Lakshadweep
|'''62.268'''
|'''95.47%'''
|'''96.58%'''
|{{Increase}} '''1.11'''
|-
|Puducherry
|75.556
|6.09%
|6.05%
|{{Decrease}} 0.04
|-
|'''TOTAL'''
|'''172.245.158'''
|'''13.43%'''
|'''14.24%'''
|{{increase}} '''0.80'''
|}
== Pertumbuhan ==
{{Bar box|float=Right|title=Pertumbuhan Muslim India<ref>https://www.statista.com/statistics/1102969/india-decadal-growth-hindu-muslim-population/</ref>|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Tahun|right1=Pertumbuhan|bars={{Bar percent|1951|Red|-16.5}}
{{Bar percent|1961|Green|32.5}}
{{Bar percent|1971|Green|30.9}}
{{Bar percent|1981|Green|30.8}}
{{Bar percent|1991|Green|32.9}}
{{Bar percent|2001|Green|29.5}}
{{Bar percent|2011|Green|24.6}}}}
Bagian ini menjelaskan pertumbuhan populasi Muslim di India. Ingatlah bahwa sebagian wilayah [[negara bagian Assam]] tidak dimasukkan pada sensus tahun 1981 karena adanya kekerasan di beberapa distrik. Ingatlah pula bahwa [[Jammu dan Kashmir]] tidak dimasukkan pada sensus 1991 karena adanya aktivitas militer di negara bagian tersebut.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Tahun
!Total Populasi
!Populasi Muslim
!Persentase Muslim
|-
|1951
|361.088.090
|35.856.047
|9.9%
|-
|1961
|439.234.771
|46.998.120
|10.7%
|-
|1971
|548.159.652
|61.448.696
|11.2%
|-
|1981
|683.329.097
|77.557.852
|11.4%
|-
|1991
|846.427.039
|102.586.957
|12.1%
|-
|2001
|1.028.737.436
|138.159.437
|13.4%
|-
|2011
|1.210.726.932
|172.245.158
|14.2%
|}
== Tokoh terkenal ==
Berikut merupakan daftar Muslim India terkenal pada tahun 2016 dari entitas penelitian independen yang bermarkas di Yordania adalah sebagai berikut
=== Muslim India dalam peringkat 50 Muslim teratas ===
* [[Akhtar Raza Khan|Mufi Muhammad Akhtar Raza Khan Qaadiri Al-Azhari]], pemimpin Barelwis India dan dianggap oleh para pengikutnya sebagai Mufi Agung India.
* Maulana Mahmood Madani, pemimpin dan anggota eksekutif Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind.
=== Muslim India dalam seni dan budaya ===
* [[Shabana Azmi]], pemenang lima kali Penghargaan Film Nasional untuk aktris terbaik.
* [[Aamir Khan]], duta merek UNICEF yang mempromosikan nutrisi anak.
* Allah Rakha Rahman, komposer musik dan produser rekaman.
=== Muslim India dalam politisi ===
* Mohammad Umar Farooq, ketua dan pendiri Konferensi Hurriyat Semua Pihak di Jammu dan Kashmir.
=== Muslim India dalam cendekiawan ===
* Allamah Zia Al-Mustafa, cendekiawan Islam dari gerakan [[Barelvi|Barelwi]] di India.
* Wahiduddin Khan, salah satu pendiri Goodword, penerbit buku anak-anak.
* Rabey Hasani Nadvi, presiden Dewan Hukum Pribadi Muslim Seluruh India.
* Bahauddeen Muhammad Jamaluddeen Nadwi, pendiri Universitas Islam Darul Huda.
==Lihat pula==
* [[Islam di Assam]]
* [[Islam di Benggala Barat]]
* [[Islam di Kerala]]
* [[Islam di Punjab, India]]
* [[Islam di Uttar Pradesh]]
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
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