Paus bungkuk: Perbedaan antara revisi

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(35 revisi perantara oleh 21 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
{{Taxobox
| colorName = pinkPaus bungkuk
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|7.2|0|ref={{r|fossil}}}} Akhir [[miosen]] – sekarang
| name = Paus Bungkuk
| status = LC
| status_system = iucn3IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn">{{IUCN2008R|iucn}}
| status2 = CITES_A1
|assessors=Reilly, S.B., Bannister, J.L., Best, P.B., Brown, M., Brownell Jr., R.L., Butterworth, D.S., Clapham, P.J., Cooke, J., Donovan, G.P., Urbán, J. & Zerbini, A.N.
| status2_system = CITES
|year=2008
| status2_ref = {{r|CITES}}
|id=13006
| image = Humpback stellwagen edit.jpg
|title=Megaptera novaeangliae
| image_caption =
|downloaded=7 October 2008}}</ref>
| image = Humpback_Whale_underwater_shot.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = Paus Bungkuk.
| image2 = Humpback_whale_size.svg
| image2_width = 240px
| image2_caption = Perbandingan ukuran dengan manusia
| regnumdomain = [[Hewan|AnimaliaEukaryota]]
| phylumregnum = [[Chordate|ChordataAnimalia]]
| classisphylum = [[MammalChordata]]ia
| subclassisclassis = [[EutheriaMammalia]]
| ordo = [[CetaceaArtiodactyla]]
| subordoinfraordo = [[MysticetiCetacea]]
| familiaparvordo = [[BalaenopteridaePaus balin|Mysticeti]]
| superfamilia = [[Rorkual|Balaenopteroidea]]
| familia = [[Rorkual|Balaenopteridae]]
| subfamilia =
| genus = '''''Megaptera'''''
| species = '''''Megaptera novaeangliae'''''
| genus_authority = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1846
| species_authority = [[Georg Heinrich Borowski|Borowski]], 1781
| species = '''''M. novaeangliae'''''
| type_genus =
| binomial = ''Megaptera novaeangliae''
| type_genus_authority =
| binomial_authority = [[Georg Borowski|Borowski]], 1781
| range_map = CetaceaCypron-Range rangeMegaptera map Humpback Whalenovaeangliae.pngsvg
| range_map_caption = Peta persebaran (warna gelap)
| range_map_width = 250px
| subdivision_ranks = Subspesies
| range_map_caption = Wilayah paus bungkuk
| subdivision = * ''M. n. australis''
}}'''Paus Bungkuk''' (''Megaptera novaeangliae'') adalah [[paus balin]], salah satu spesies [[rorqual]] terbesar, panjang paus bungkuk dewasa sebesar 12-16 [[meter]] dan memiliki berat 36.000 [[kilogram]]. Paus Bungkuk memiliki bentuk tubuh yang istimewa, dengan sirip dada panjang dan kepala menonjol. Hewan ini adalah hewan akrobatik, sering muncul di permukaan air. Jantan mengeluarkan lagu yang terdengar selama 10 sampai 20 menit dan diulang untuk beberapa jam pada satu waktu. Peran lagu ini belum diketahui, walaupun sepertinya memiliki peran dalam berpasangan.
* ''M. n. kuzira''
* ''M. n. novaeangliae''
| synonyms = * ''Balaena gibbosa'' <small>Erxleben, 1777</small>
* ''B. boops'' <small>Fabricius, 1780</small>
* ''B. nodosa'' <small>Bonnaterre, 1789</small>
* ''B. longimana'' <small>Rudolphi, 1832</small>
* ''Megaptera longimana'' <small>Gray, 1846</small>
* ''Kyphobalaena longimana'' <small>Van Beneden, 1861</small>
* ''Megaptera versabilis'' <small>Cope, 1869</small>
}}
 
{{Listen|filename=Humpback-Whale-Song-on-the-Southern-Ocean-Feeding-Grounds-Implications-for-Cultural-Transmission-pone.0079422.s003.oga|title=Singing humpbacks|description=Rekaman suara}}
 
[[File:Aerial view of three humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) near Cape Solander, New South Wales, Australia.webm|thumb|Rekaman video]]
 
'''Paus bungkuk''' (''Megaptera novaeangliae'') adalah salah satu spesies [[paus balin]] [[rorkual]] terbesar, panjang paus bungkuk dewasa sebesar 12–16 [[meter]] dan memiliki berat 36.000 [[kilogram]]. Paus bungkuk memiliki bentuk tubuh yang istimewa, dengan sirip dada panjang dan kepala menonjol. Hewan ini adalah hewan akrobatik, sering muncul di permukaan air. Jantan mengeluarkan lagu yang terdengar selama 10 sampai 20 menit dan diulang untuk beberapa jam pada satu waktu. Peran lagu ini belum diketahui, walaupun sepertinya memiliki peran dalam berpasangan.
 
== Kebiasaan ==
IaPaus bungkuk menangkap mangsanya dengan [[balin]], caranya iadengan membuka mulutnya lebar-lebar, lalu paus bungkuk akan meneguk [[air]]nya.<ref name="Hewan"/> Lantas, apabila ia mendapatkan [[udang rebon|mangsanya]], lantas air yang telah ia teguk dimuntahkan.<ref name="Hewan"> Ensiklopedia Hewan: hal.9</ref> Kadang-kadang, hewan ini melompat-lompat dan menebas air dengan [[ekor]]nya.<ref name="Hewan"/>
 
== Catatan kaki ==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
{{reflist}}
<ref name=fossil>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=36760 |title=Fossilworks: Megaptera |website=[[Fossilworks]] |access-date=17 December 2021 }}</ref>
 
<ref name=iucn>{{Cite iucn | author = Cooke, J.G. | title = ''Megaptera novaeangliae'' | year = 2018 | page = e.T13006A50362794 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T13006A50362794.en | access-date = 18 January 2020}}</ref>
 
<ref name=CITES>{{Cite web|title=Appendices {{!}} CITES|url=https://cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php|access-date=2022-01-14|website=cites.org}}</ref>
 
}}
 
== Referensi ==
=== Buku ===
<div class="references-small">
* {{cite encyclopedia | last = N. | first = Tuhu | authorlink = Tuhu N. |year= |title =Seri Mengenal Hewan Laut 1 |encyclopedia=Ensiklopedia Seri Mengenal Hewan Laut 1 |publisher=Aneka Ilmu |location=Semarang |}}ISBN 978-979-736-815-9
* Clapham, Phil. (1996). ''Humpback Whales''. ISBN 0-948661-87-9
* Clapham, Phil. ''Humpback Whale''. pp 589–592 in the ''Encyclopeadia of Marine Mammals''. ISBN 0-12-551340-2
Baris 52 ⟶ 75:
<div class="references-small">
* Best, P. B. (1993) Increase rates in severely depleted stocks of baleen whales. ''ICES Journal of Marine Science'' '''50''':169–186.
* Smith, T.D.; J. Allen, P.J. Clapham, P.S. Hammond, S. Katona, F. Larsen, J. Lien, D. Mattila, P.J. Palsboll, J. Sigurjonsson, P.T. Stevick & N. Oien. (1999) An ocean-basin-wide mark-recapture study of the North Atlantic humpback whale. ''Marine Mammal Science'' '''15''': 1–32.
</div>
 
Baris 59 ⟶ 82:
{{Wikispecies|Megaptera novaeangliae}}
 
* {{en}} ARKive - [http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/mammals/Megaptera_novaeangliae/ images and movies of the humpback whale ''(Megaptera novaeangliae)''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060426134105/http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/mammals/Megaptera_novaeangliae/ |date=2006-04-26 }}.
* {{en}} [http://www.wdcs.org Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society (WDCS)]
* {{en}} [http://www.mayumbanationalpark.com/cetaceans.htm Photos and information about humpback whales and other cetaceans in Mayumba National Park] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424024522/http://mayumbanationalpark.com/cetaceans.htm |date=2015-04-24 }}
* {{en}} [http://www.oceania.org.au/whales/whales.html Humpbacks of Hervey Bay, Queensland, Australia]
* {{en}} [http://www.dolphin-institute.org/resource_guide/gettingtoknowhumpbackwhales.htm The Dolphin Institute Whale Resource Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060227185525/http://www.dolphin-institute.org/resource_guide/gettingtoknowhumpbackwhales.htm |date=2006-02-27 }} and [http://www.dolphin-institute.org/our_research/whale_research/whaleresearchpublications.htm scientific publications] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060228132749/http://www.dolphin-institute.org/our_research/whale_research/whaleresearchpublications.htm |date=2006-02-28 }}
* {{en}} [http://www.ecoresearch.net/modules.php?set_albumName=Marine-Life&op=modload&file=index&name=gallery&include=view_album.php&page=1 Humpback Whale Gallery (Silverbanks)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927092123/http://www.ecoresearch.net/modules.php?set_albumName=Marine-Life&op=modload&file=index&name=gallery&include=view_album.php&page=1 |date=2007-09-27 }}
* {{en}} [http://www.bigtomatopress.com/ Book about the two humpback whales lost in the Sacramento River in May 2007] -
* {{en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20041220223722/http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~emiii/mercado_et_al_03.pdf A detailed analysis of the form and function of the humpback whale song], dari [[University at Buffalo, The State University of New York|University at Buffalo]]
* {{en}} [http://whalesong.net The Whalesong Project]
* {{en}} [http://www.physorg.com/news11980.html Article from PHYSORG.com on the complex syntax of whalesong phrases]
* {{en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20040731193357/http://hawaiihumpbackwhale.noaa.gov/research/HIHWNMS_Research_Mobley.pdf Estimating the humpback population in the Pacific], dari [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
* {{en}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20040720000947/http://www.dal.ca/~whitelab/rwb/COSEWIChumpback2003.pdf Estimating the humpback population in the Atlantic], dari [[Universitas Dalhousie]]
* {{en}} [http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/recovery/m-novaeangliae/index.html Recovery plan in Australia: 2005–2010]
* {{en}} [http://www.incidentnews.gov/attachments/7639/517872/Sacramento_Humpback_Whales-051807-1355.pdf Humpback Whales in the Sacramento River] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211095322/http://incidentnews.gov/attachments/7639/517872/Sacramento_Humpback_Whales-051807-1355.pdf |date=2011-02-11 }} dari [[NOAA]]
 
{{Baleen whaleCetacea}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q132905}}
 
{{hewan-stub}}
 
[[Kategori:Megafauna]]
[[Kategori:Megaptera]]
[[Kategori:Fauna Greenland]]
[[Kategori:Paus Balin]]
[[Kategori:Satwa liar dilindungi di Indonesia]]
 
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[[af:Bultrugwalvis]]
[[ar:حوت سنامي]]
[[be:Гарбаты кіт]]
[[be-x-old:Гарбаты кіт]]
[[br:Balum askellek]]
[[ca:Iubarta]]
[[cs:Keporkak]]
[[da:Pukkelhval]]
[[de:Buckelwal]]
[[en:Humpback whale]]
[[eo:Ĝiba baleno]]
[[es:Megaptera novaeangliae]]
[[et:Küürvaal]]
[[eu:Xibarta]]
[[fa:نهنگ گوژپشت]]
[[fi:Ryhävalas]]
[[fr:Baleine à bosse]]
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[[hr:Grbavi kit]]
[[hu:Hosszúszárnyú bálna]]
[[is:Hnúfubakur]]
[[it:Megaptera novaeangliae]]
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[[pt:Baleia-jubarte]]
[[ro:Balenă cu cocoașă]]
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[[wuu:座头鲸]]
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