Orang Adighe: Perbedaan antara revisi

| pop1 = Sekitar 1.000.000<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dalby |first1=Andrew |title=Dictionary of Languages: The definitive reference to more than 400 languages |date=2015 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1408102145 |page=136 |url=https://books.google.nl/books?id=7dHNCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA136&dq=5+million+circassians+turkey&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwidhImS3bzMAhVCuxQKHQtUA4wQ6AEIMzAD#v=onepage&q=5%20million%20circassians%20turkey&f=false}}</ref>&nbsp;– 2.000.000<ref name="The Circassian Genocide">{{cite book |last1=Richmond |first1=Walter |title=The Circassian Genocide |date=2013 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |isbn=978-0813560694 |page=130 |url=https://books.google.nl/books?id=LHlwZwpA70cC&pg=PA130&dq=million+circassians+in+turkey&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjFmaD82rzMAhXD0xQKHfiTDiYQ6AEILDAC#v=onepage&q=million%20circassians%20in%20turkey&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Danver |first1=Steven L. |title=Native Peoples of the World: An Encyclopedia of Groups, Cultures and Contemporary Issues |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1317464006 |page=528 |url=https://books.google.nl/books?id=vf4TBwAAQBAJ&dq=2+million+circassians+turkey&hl=nl&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}</ref>&nbsp;– 3.000.000<ref>{{cite book |last=Natho |first=Kadir I. |date=2009 |title=Circassian History |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=eE2pDLgibVoC&lpg=PA397&ots=6Z4yDIMmS4&dq=10%20million%20circassians&hl=en&pg=PA505#v=onepage&q=more%20than%203%20milion%20Circassians&f=false |location=Wayne, New Jersey |publisher=Xlibris Corporation |page=505 |isbn=978-1-4415-2389-1}}</ref>{{Self-published inline|certain=yes|date=December 2017}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zhemukhov |first1=Sufian |title=Circassian World Responses to the New Challenges |journal=PONARS Eurasia Policy Memo No. 54 |date=2008 |page=2 |url=http://www.ponarseurasia.org/sites/default/files/policy-memos-pdf/pepm_054.pdf |accessdate=8 May 2016}}</ref>&nbsp;– 5,000,000<ref name="The Circassian Genocide"/><ref>{{cite book |last=Alankuş |first=Sevda |editor-last=Taymaz |editor-first=Erol |title=Kültürel-Etnik Kimlikler ve Çerkesler |location=Ankara, Turkey |publisher=Kafder Yayınları |date=1999}}</ref> to 7,000,000<ref name="The Formation of a Circassian Diaspora in Turkey">{{cite conference |url=https://khas.academia.edu/SevdaAlankuş/ |title=The Formation of a Circassian Diaspora in Turkey |pages=2 |last1=Alankuş |first1=Sevda |author-link1= |last2=Taymaz |first2=Erol |author-link2= |date=2009 |book-title=Adyghe (Cherkess) in the 19th Century: Problems of War and Peace |publisher=Maikop State Technology University |location=Adygea, Russia |access-date=4 May 2016 |quote=Today, the largest communities of Circassians, about 5–7 million, live in Turkey, and about 200,000 Circassians live in the Middle Eastern countries (Jordan, Syria, Egypt, and Israel). The 1960s and 1970s witnessed a new wave of migration from diaspora countries to Europe and the United States. It is estimated that there are now more than 100,000 Circassian living in the European Union countries. The community in Kosovo expatriated to Adygea after the war in 1998.}}</ref>

|ref2 = <ref name="RussiaCensus"/>

|ref4 = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jamestown.org/programs/nca/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=37779&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=24&cHash=0080bc52dc79241fd4e3a5a295d72c4c |title=single &#124; The Jamestown Foundation |publisher=Jamestown.org |date=7 May 2013 |accessdate=20 August 2013}}</ref>

|ref5 = <ref name="auto"/><ref name=OSH>{{cite web |last=Lopes |first=Tiago André Ferreira |title=The Offspring of the Arab Spring |url=http://www.segurancahumana.eu/data/res/30/1819.pdf |work=Strategic Outlook |publisher=Observatory for Human Security (OSH) |accessdate=16 June 2013}}</ref>

|ref15 = <ref>Prepared by Antoniy Galabov [http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/culture/completed/diversity/CCCULT_2001_4_EN.PDF ''National Report Bulgaria''] hlm. 20. Council of Europe.</ref>

|ref16 = <ref name=Zhemukhov>{{citation |url=http://www.circassianworld.com/new/general/1217-circassian-world-zhemukhov.html |title=Circassian World: Responses to the New Challenges |first=Sufian |last=Zhemukhov |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012221811/http://www.circassianworld.com/new/general/1217-circassian-world-zhemukhov.html |archivedate=12 October 2009 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

|langs = [[Bahasa Adighe|Adyhge]]<br>([[bahasa Adighe Barat|Adighe Barat]], [[bahasa Kabardia|Adighe Kabardia]], dialek [[bahasa Ubykh|Adighe Ubykh]] (punah)), juga menuturkan [[bahasa Turki]], [[bahasa Rusia|Rusia]], [[bahasa Inggris|Inggris]], [[bahasa Arab|Arab]], [[bahasa Ibrani|Ibrani]], [[bahasa Jerman|Jerman]], [[bahasa Persia|Persia]]

'''Etnis Adighe''' ({{lang-en|Circassians}}, {{lang-ru|Черкесы}}), [[bahasa Adighe|Adighe]]: Адыгэхэр, ''Adygekher''; {{lang-ru|Ады́ги}}, ''Adygi''; {{lang-tr|Adige}}) adalah kelompok etnis [[rumpun bahasa Kaukasus Barat laut|Kaukasus Barat Laut]]<ref>{{citation | title = One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups | publisher = Questia Online Library | date = 25 August 2010 | page = 12}}</ref> yang berasal dari kawasan [[Sirkasia]]. Banyak di antara mereka yang [[pembersihan etnis Adighe|terusir]] selama [[Perang Kaukasus|penaklukan Kaukasus oleh Rusia]] pada abad ke-19, khususnya setelah terjadinya [[Perang Rusia-Adighe]]

pada tahun 1864. Berdasarkan makna yang paling sempit, istilah "Adighe" mencakup dua belas suku Adighe (tiga demokratik dan tiga aristokratik), yaitu [[Abzakh]],bahasa [[BesleneyAbdzakh|Abdzakh]], [[bahasa Bzhedug|Bzhedug]], [[Hatuqwai]],bahasa [[KabardiansHatuqwai|KabardianHatuqwai]], [[bahasa Mamkhegh|Mamkhegh]], [[Natukhaibahasa Natukhaj|Natukhaj]], [[bahasa Shapsug|Shapsug]], [[bahasa Temirgoy|Temirgoy]], [[Ubykhbahasa peopleYegeruqwai|UbykhYegeruqwai]], [[Yegeruqwaibahasa Hakuchi|Hakuchi]], dan [[bahasa Zhaney|Zhaney]],<ref>{{citation | last = Gammer | first = Mos%u030Ce | title = The Caspian Region: a Re-emerging Region | place = London | publisher = Routledge | year = 2004 | page = 67}}</ref> masing-masing diwakilkan oleh sebuah bintang di bendera Adighe. Pada masa [[Uni Soviet]], orang-orang Adighe dibagi menjadi empat, yaitu orang ''Adigea'' (Adighe di Adigea), ''Cherkessia'' (Adighe di Karachay-Cherkessia), ''Kabardia'' (Adighe di Kabardino-Balkaria), dan ''Shapsugia'' (Adighe di Krai Krasnodar).

Sebagian besar orang Adighe menganut agama [[Islam Sunni]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sreda.org/arena |title=Главная страница проекта 'Арена' : Некоммерческая Исследовательская Служба СРЕДА |publisher=Sreda.org |accessdate=20 August 2013}}</ref> Bahasa tradisional mereka adalah [[bahasa Sirkasia]] yang merupakan bagian dari [[rumpun bahasa Kaukasus Barat Laut]] dengan tiga dialek utama dan berbagai sub-dialek lainnya. Banyak orang Adighe yang juga menguasai [[bahasa Turki]], [[bahasa Rusia|Rusia]], [[bahasa Inggris|Inggris]], [[bahasa Arab|Arab]] dan [[bahasa Ibrani|Ibrani]] karena banyak di antara mereka yang pernah terusir ke wilayah [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mcha.kbsu.ru/english/m_hist_01E.htm.html|title=International Circassian Association|accessdate=26 April 2014|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035542/http://mcha.kbsu.ru/english/m_hist_01E.htm.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sekitar 800.000 orang Adighe masih tersisa di wilayah [[Sirkasia]] (kini merupakan bagian dari Republik [[Adygea]], [[Kabardino-Balkaria]], [[Karachay-Cherkessia]] serta [[Krai Krasnodar]] dan bagian barat daya [[Krai Stavropol]] dan [[Oblast Rostov]]). Sensus Rusia 2010 mencatat bahwa terdapat 718.727 orang Adighe, dengan 516.826 di antaranya adalah orang Kabardia, 124.835 adalah orang Adigea, 73.184 adalah orang Cherkess dan 3.882 adalah orang Shapsug.<ref name="RussiaCensus">{{cite web|format=XLS|url=http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/tab5.xls|script-title=ru:Всероссийская перепись населения 2010: Национальньый состав населения Российской Федерации: Численность лиц, указавших соответствующую национальную принадлежность|trans-title=All-Russian Population Census 2010: National composition of the population of the Russian Federation: Number of persons who indicated their ethnicity|language=ru|publisher=[[Russian Federal State Statistics Service]]|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424000000/http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/tab5.xls|archivedate=24 April 2012}}</ref>

[[Kategori:AdigheKomunitas Muslim di Rusia]]