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{{About|penyakit|virus|Koronavirus sindrom pernapasan akut berat 2|pandemi|Pandemi Covid-19}}
{{Penyangkalan medis}}
{{Current related||Pandemi COVID-19|date=Maret 2020}}
{{About|penyakit|virus|Koronavirus sindrompenyebab pernapasan akut beratpenyakit ini|SARS-CoV-2|pandemi akibat COVID-19|Pandemi Covid-19}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:COVID-19}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name growing = Penyakit coronaviruskoronavirus 2019
| synonyms =
* Penyakit [[Koronavirus sindrom pernapasan akut berat 2]] (SARS-CoV-2)
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| deaths =
}}
'''Covid-19''' atau '''Penyakit koronavirus 2019''' ({{lang-en|corona virus disease 2019}}, disingkatdisebut juga sebagai '''CovidCOVID-19''')<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/wuhan-virus-coronavirus-who-new-name-12424116|title=Novel coronavirus to be called COVID-19, says WHO|date=11 Februari 2020|accessdate=11 Februari 2020|archive-date=2020-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211193937/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/wuhan-virus-coronavirus-who-new-name-12424116|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51466362|title=Coronavirus disease named Covid-19|date=11 Februari 2020|via=www.bbc.co.uk|language=en}}</ref> adalah [[Infeksi|penyakit menular]] yang disebabkan oleh [[Koronavirus sindrom pernapasan akut berat 2|SARS-CoV-2]], salah satu jenis [[koronavirus]].<ref name="autogenerated2">{{Cite journal|last=Gorbalenya|first=Alexander E.|date=11 Februari 2020|title=Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus – The species and its viruses, a statement of the Coronavirus Study Group|url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.07.937862v1|journal=bioRxiv|language=en|pages=2020.02.07.937862|doi=10.1101/2020.02.07.937862}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51466362|title=Coronavirus disease named Covid-19|date=11 Februari 2020|work=BBC News|access-date=11 Februari 2020|language=en-GB}}</ref> Penyakit ini mengakibatkan [[pandemi COVID-19|pandemi]].<ref name="Hui14Jan2020">{{vcite journal|authors=Hui DS, I Azhar E, Madani TA, Ntoumi F, Kock R, Dar O, Ippolito G, Mchugh TD, Memish ZA, Drosten C, Zumla A, Petersen E|title=The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health – The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China|journal=Int J Infect Dis|year=2020 Jan 14|volume=91|issue=|pages=264–266|pmid=31953166|doi=10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009}}{{open access}}</ref><ref name="WHO-q-a">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|title=Q&A on coronaviruses|website=[[Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia]] (WHO)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304115037/https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses|archive-date=4 Maret 2020|access-date=4 Maret 2020}}</ref> Penderita Covid-19 dapat mengalami demam, batuk kering, dan kesulitan bernapas.<ref name="CDC2020Sym"/><ref name=":2"/><ref name="Hessen27Jan2020"/> Sakit tenggorokan, pilek, atau bersin-bersin lebih jarang ditemukan.<ref name="Huang24Jan2020"/> Pada penderita yang paling rentan, penyakit ini dapat berujung pada [[pneumonia]] dan [[sindrom disfungsi multiorgan|kegagalan multiorgan]].<ref name="Hui14Jan2020"/><ref name="WHO-q-a"/>
 
Infeksi menyebar dari satu orang ke orang lain melalui [[percikan pernapasan]] dari saluran pernapasan yang sering dihasilkan saat batuk atau bersin.<ref name="WHO-q-a"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/transmission.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2Fabout%2Ftransmission.html |website=Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit |access-date=24 Februari 2020 |language=en-us |date=11 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223224330/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/transmission.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2Fabout%2Ftransmission.html |archive-date=23 Februari 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref> Waktu dari paparan virus hingga timbulnya gejala klinis berkisar antara 1–14 hari dengan rata-rata 5 hari.<ref name="WHO-q-a"/><ref name="CDC symptoms">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/symptoms.html|title=Symptoms of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)|date=29 Februari 2020|website=[[Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit]] (CDC)|access-date=4 Maret 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304033218/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/symptoms.html|archive-date=4 Maret 2020|url-status=live|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="LaiShih2020">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, Tang HJ, Hsueh PR | title = Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges | journal = International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents | pages = 105924 | date = February 2020 | pmid = 32081636 | doi = 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Velavan|first=Thirumalaisamy P.|last2=Meyer|first2=Christian G.|title=The COVID-19 epidemic|journal=Tropical Medicine & International Health|language=en|volume=n/a|issue=n/a|pages=278–280|doi=10.1111/tmi.13383|pmid=32052514|issn=1365-3156|year=2020}}</ref> Metode standar diagnosis adalah uji [[reaksi berantai polimerase]] transkripsi-balik (rRT-PCR) dari [[usap nasofaring]] atau sampel [[dahak]] dengan hasil dalam beberapa jam hingga 2 hari. Pemeriksaan antibodi dari sampel [[serum darah]] juga dapat digunakan dengan hasil dalam beberapa hari.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/02/singapore-claims-first-use-antibody-test-track-coronavirus-infections|title=Singapore claims first use of antibody test to track coronavirus infections|last=Normile|first=Dennis|last2=2020|date=27 Februari 2020|website=Science {{!}} AAAS|language=en|access-date=2 Maret 2020|last3=Pm|first3=4:30}}</ref> Infeksi juga dapat didiagnosis dari kombinasi gejala, faktor risiko, dan pemindaian [[tomografi terkomputasi]] pada dada yang menunjukkan gejala pneumonia.<ref name="diagtreat">{{cite journal | vauthors = Jin YH, Cai L, Cheng ZS, Cheng H, Deng T, Fan YP, Fang C, Huang D, Huang LQ, Huang Q, Han Y, Hu B, Hu F, Li BH, Li YR, Liang K, Lin LK, Luo LS, Ma J, Ma LL, Peng ZY, Pan YB, Pan ZY, Ren XQ, Sun HM, Wang Y, Wang YY, Weng H, Wei CJ, Wu DF, Xia J, Xiong Y, Xu HB, Yao XM, Yuan YF, Ye TS, Zhang XC, Zhang YW, Zhang YG, Zhang HM, Zhao Y, Zhao MJ, Zi H, Zeng XT, Wang YY, Wang XH | display-authors = 6 | title = A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version) | journal = Military Medical Research | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = 4 | date = February 2020 | pmid = 32029004 | pmc = 7003341 | doi = 10.1186/s40779-020-0233-6 }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/02/200226151951.htm|title=CT provides best diagnosis for COVID-19|last=|first=|date=26 Februari 2020|website=ScienceDaily|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2 Maret 2020}}</ref>
 
[[Mencuci tangan|Mencuci tangan dengan sabun]], menjaga jarak dari orang yang [[batuk]], dan tidak menyentuh wajah dengan tangan yang tidak bersih adalah langkah yang disarankan untuk mencegah penyakit ini.<ref name="Advice for public">{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public|title=Advice for public|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=2020-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126025750/https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public|archive-date=26 Januari 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Disarankan untuk menutup hidung dan mulut dengan tisu atau siku yang tertekuk ketika batuk.<ref name="Advice for public"/> [[Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia]] (WHO) dan [[Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit]] Amerika Serikat|Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit AS]] (CDC) merekomendasikan kepada orang-orang yang menduga bahwa mereka telah terinfeksi untuk memakai [[masker bedah]] dan mencari nasihat medis dengan memanggil dokter dan tidak langsung mengunjungi [[klinik]]. Masker juga direkomendasikan bagi mereka yang merawat seseorang yang diduga terinfeksi tetapi tidak untuk digunakan masyarakat umum.<ref name="Advice for public"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/steps-when-sick.html|title=2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)|last=CDC|date=11 Februari 2020|website=Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit|language=en-us|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214153016/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/steps-when-sick.html|archive-date=14 Februari 2020|access-date=15 Februari 2020}}</ref> Beberapa negara telah berhasil membuat [[vaksin COVID-19|vaksin Covid-19]]. Namun, masih diteliti dan dikembangkan lebih lanjut. Tata laksana yang diberikan meliputi pengobatan terhadap gejala, perawatan suportif, dan tindakan eksperimental.<ref name="cdc21Jan20202">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/prevention-treatment.html|title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)|date=15 Februari 2020|publisher=[[Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit]] (CDC)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226145347/https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/prevention-treatment.html|archive-date=26 Februari 2020|access-date=20 Februari 2020}}</ref> Angka fatalitasjumlah kasus diperkirakan antara 1–3%.<ref name="worldometers.info">{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/coronavirus-death-rate/#ref-6|title=Wuhan Coronavirus Death Rate - Worldometer|website=www.worldometers.info|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131223143/https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/coronavirus-death-rate/#ref-6|archive-date=31 Januari 2020|access-date=2 Februari 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/medicine/sph/ide/gida-fellowships/Imperial-College-2019-nCoV-severity-10-02-2020.pdf|title=Report 4: Severity of 2019-novel coronavirus (nCoV)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210105717/https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/medicine/sph/ide/gida-fellowships/Imperial-College-2019-nCoV-severity-10-02-2020.pdf|archive-date=10 Februari 2020|access-date=10 Februari 2020}}</ref>
 
== Tanda dan gejala ==
Baris 81 ⟶ 83:
Orang-orang yang terinfeksi mungkin memiliki [[simtom|gejala]] ringan, seperti demam, batuk, dan kesulitan bernapas.<ref name="CDC2020Sym"/><ref name=":2">{{cite journal|last=Chen|first=Nanshan|last2=Zhou|first2=Min|last3=Dong|first3=Xuan|last4=Qu|first4=Jieming|last5=Gong|first5=Fengyun|last6=Han|first6=Yang|last7=Qiu|first7=Yang|last8=Wang|first8=Jingli|last9=Liu|first9=Ying|last10=Wei|first10=Yuan|last11=Xia|first11=Jia'an| title = Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study | language = English | journal = Lancet | volume = 395 | issue = 10223 | pages = 507–513 | date = Februari 2020 | pmid = 32007143 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7 | url = https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30211-7/abstract }}</ref><ref name="Hessen27Jan2020">{{Cite web |url=https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center |title=Novel Coronavirus Information Center: Expert guidance and commentary |last=Hessen |first=Margaret Trexler |date=27 Januari 2020 |website=Elsevier Connect |url-status=live |access-date=31 Januari 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130171622/https://www.elsevier.com/connect/coronavirus-information-center |archive-date=30 Januari 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Pada beberapa kejadian juga ditemukan penderita Covid19 bersifat [[asimtomatik]]. Gejala [[diare]] atau [[infeksi saluran napas atas]] (misalnya bersin, [[pilek]], dan sakit tenggorokan) lebih jarang ditemukan.<ref name="Huang24Jan2020">{{Cite journal|last=Huang|first=Chaolin|last2=Wang|first2=Yeming|last3=Li|first3=Xingwang|last4=Ren|first4=Lili|last5=Zhao|first5=Jianping|last6=Hu|first6=Yi|last7=Zhang|first7=Li|last8=Fan|first8=Guohui|last9=Xu|first9=Jiuyang|last10=Gu|first10=Xiaoying|last11=Cheng|first11=Zhenshun|date=24 Januari 2020|language=en|title=Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China|journal=Lancet|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5|issn=0140-6736|pmid=31986264}}</ref> Kasus dapat berkembang menjadi [[pneumonia]] berat, kegagalan multiorgan, dan kematian.<ref name="Hui14Jan2020" /><ref name="WHO-q-a"/>
 
[[Masa inkubasi]] diperkirakan antara 1–14 hari oleh Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO)<ref name="WHO-q-a"/> dan 2–14 hari oleh Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit Amerika Serikat (CDC).<ref name="CDC symptoms"/> Tinjauan WHO terhadap 55.924 kasus terkonfirmasi di [[Tiongkok]] mengindikasikan tanda dan gejala klinis berikut:<ref name="WHO report 28 February 2020"/>
 
=== Jalur penyakit dan komplikasi ===
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== Pengendalian ==
Penderita dirawat dengan [[terapi suportif]], seperti [[terapi cairan]], pemberian oksigen, dan terapi organ vital lain yang terdampak.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fisher|first=Dale|last2=Heymann|first2=David|date=2020-02-28|title=Q&A: The  novel coronavirus outbreak  causing COVID-19|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7047369/|journal=BMC Medicine|volume=18|doi=10.1186/s12916-020-01533-w|issn=1741-7015|pmc=7047369|pmid=32106852}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Liu|first=Kui|last2=Fang|first2=Yuan-Yuan|last3=Deng|first3=Yan|last4=Liu|first4=Wei|last5=Wang|first5=Mei-Fang|last6=Ma|first6=Jing-Ping|last7=Xiao|first7=Wei|last8=Wang|first8=Ying-Nan|last9=Zhong|first9=Min-Hua|date=2020-05|title=Clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus cases in tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province:|url=http://journals.lww.com/10.1097/CM9.0000000000000744|journal=Chinese Medical Journal|language=en|volume=133|issue=9|pages=1025–1031|doi=10.1097/CM9.0000000000000744|issn=0366-6999|pmc=PMC7147277|pmid=32044814}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wang|first=Tianbing|last2=Du|first2=Zhe|last3=Zhu|first3=Fengxue|last4=Cao|first4=Zhaolong|last5=An|first5=Youzhong|last6=Gao|first6=Yan|last7=Jiang|first7=Baoguo|date=2020-03|title=Comorbidities and multi-organ injuries in the treatment of COVID-19|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673620305584|journal=The Lancet|language=en|volume=395|issue=10228|pages=e52|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30558-4}}</ref> CDC merekomendasikan bagi orang-orang yang mencurigai diri mereka membawa virus agar memakai masker.<ref name=":1" /> [[Oksigenasi membran ekstrakorporeal]] (ECMO) digunakan untuk mengatasi gagal napas, tetapi manfaatnya masih dalam pertimbangan.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Guan|first=Wei-jie|last2=Ni|first2=Zheng-yi|last3=Hu|first3=Yu|last4=Liang|first4=Wen-hua|last5=Ou|first5=Chun-quan|last6=He|first6=Jian-xing|last7=Liu|first7=Lei|last8=Shan|first8=Hong|last9=Lei|first9=Chun-liang|date=2020-04-30|title=Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China|url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2002032|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|language=en|volume=382|issue=18|pages=1708–1720|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2002032|issn=0028-4793|pmc=PMC7092819|pmid=32109013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Guan|first=Wei-jie|last2=Ni|first2=Zheng-yi|last3=Hu|first3=Yu|last4=Liang|first4=Wen-hua|last5=Ou|first5=Chun-quan|last6=He|first6=Jian-xing|last7=Liu|first7=Lei|last8=Shan|first8=Hong|last9=Lei|first9=Chun-liang|date=2020-04-30|title=Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China|url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2002032|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|language=en|volume=382|issue=18|pages=1708–1720|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2002032|issn=0028-4793|pmc=PMC7092819|pmid=32109013}}</ref> Higiene diri serta gaya hidup dan diet yang sehat direkomendasikan untuk meningkatkan imunitas.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wang|first=Lisheng|last2=Wang|first2=Yiru|last3=Ye|first3=Dawei|last4=Liu|first4=Qingquan|date=2020-03|title=Review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) based on current evidence|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0924857920300984|journal=International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents|language=en|pages=105948|doi=10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105948|pmc=PMC7156162|pmid=32201353}}</ref> Terapi suportif mungkin bermanfaat bagi mereka yang memiliki gejala ringan pada tahap awal infeksi.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wang|first=Yixuan|last2=Wang|first2=Yuyi|last3=Chen|first3=Yan|last4=Qin|first4=Qingsong|date=2020-06|title=Unique epidemiological and clinical features of the emerging 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID‐19) implicate special control measures|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jmv.25748|journal=Journal of Medical Virology|language=en|volume=92|issue=6|pages=568–576|doi=10.1002/jmv.25748|issn=0146-6615}}</ref> WHO, [[Komisi Kesehatan Nasional Republik Rakyat Tiongkok|Komisi Kesehatan Nasional Tiongkok]], dan [[Institut Kesehatan Nasional]] Amerika Serikat (NIH) telah menerbitkan rekomendasi perawatan penderita Covid-19 di rumah sakit.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/publications-detail/clinical-management-of-severe-acute-respiratory-infection-when-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-is-suspected|title=Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=13 Februari 2020}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/introduction/|title=COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines: Introduction|last=|first=|date=|website=Institut Kesehatan Nasional AS|language=en|access-date=2020-05-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cheng|first=Zhangkai J.|last2=Shan|first2=Jing|date=2020-04|title=2019 Novel coronavirus: where we are and what we know|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s15010-020-01401-y|journal=Infection|language=en|volume=48|issue=2|pages=155–163|doi=10.1007/s15010-020-01401-y|issn=0300-8126|pmc=PMC7095345|pmid=32072569}}</ref>
 
=== Pengobatan ===
Baris 146 ⟶ 148:
Banyak organisasi menggunakan genom yang diterbitkan untuk mengembangkan kemungkinan [[vaksin]] terhadap SARS-CoV-2.<ref name="Reut_NIH_Moderna_3months" /><ref name=clinicaltrialsarena/> Badan yang mengembangkan vaksin terdiri dari Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit Tiongkok,<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/26/c_138734908.htm|title=China CDC developing novel coronavirus vaccine|date=26 Januari 2020|website=Xinhua|access-date=28 Januari 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126201658/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/26/c_138734908.htm|archive-date=26 Januari 2020|language=en|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20200127130748-8-133001/cdc-china-telah-mulai-kembangkan-vaksin-virus-korona|title=CDC China Telah Mulai Kembangkan Vaksin Virus Korona|date=26 Januari 2020|website=CNBC Indonesia|accessdate=26 Januari 2020}}</ref> [[Universitas Hong Kong]],<ref name="HKvaccine">{{cite news |last1=Cheung |first1=Elizabeth |title=Hong Kong researchers have developed coronavirus vaccine, expert reveals |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/3047956/china-coronavirus-hong-kong-researchers-have |work=South China Morning Post |date=28 Januari 2020 |access-date=28 Januari 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128154002/https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/health-environment/article/3047956/china-coronavirus-hong-kong-researchers-have |archive-date=28 Januari 2020 |language=en|url-status=live | name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> dan [[Rumah Sakit Shanghai Timur]].<ref name="HKvaccine" /> Tiga proyek vaksin ini sedang didukung oleh [[Koalisi Inovasi Kesiapsiagaan Epidemi]] (CEPI), termasuk satu proyek perusahaan bioteknologi [[Moderna]] dan proyek lainnya oleh [[Universitas Queensland]] [[Australia]].<ref name="Guardian_CEPI_16weeks" /> [[Institut Kesehatan Nasional]] Amerika Serikat (NIH) bekerja sama dengan Moderna untuk membuat vaksin RNA yang cocok dengan protein permukaan (protein ''spike'') koronavirus dan diharapkan untuk memulai produksi pada Mei 2020.<ref name="Reut_NIH_Moderna_3months">{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-vaccines-idUSKBN1ZN2J8|title=With Wuhan virus genetic code in hand, scientists begin work on a vaccine|first1=Julie|last1=Steenhuysen|first2=Kate|last2=Kelland|date=25 Januari 2020|website=[[Thomson Reuters]]|accessdate=21 Februari 2020}}</ref> Di Australia, Universitas Queensland sedang menyelidiki potensi vaksin penjepit molekuler yang secara genetik akan memodifikasi protein virus untuk membuatnya meniru koronavirus dan merangsang reaksi kekebalan.<ref name="Guardian_CEPI_16weeks">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/jan/24/lessons-from-sars-outbreak-help-in-race-for-coronavirus-vaccine|title=Lessons from Sars outbreak help in race for coronavirus vaccine|date=24 Januari 2020|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|accessdate=21 Februari 2020}}</ref> Di Kanada, [[Organisasi Vaksin dan Penyakit Menular|Pusat Vaksin Internasional]] (VIDO-InterVac) di [[Universitas Saskatchewan]] mulai mengembangkan vaksin<ref name="CBC_Saskatch_6_8_weeks_nonhuman"/> serta menargetkan produksi vaksin dan pengujian terhadap hewan pada Maret 2020 dan pengujian terhadap manusia pada 2021.<ref name="CBC_Saskatch_6_8_weeks_nonhuman">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatchewan/vido-intervac-working-on-coronavirus-vaccine-1.5439118|title=Saskatchewan lab joins global effort to develop coronavirus vaccine|date=24 Januari 2020|work=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|language=en|accessdate=21 Februari 2020}}</ref>
 
Pada akhir Januari 2020, [[Janssen Pharmaceutica]] mulai bekerja mengembangkan vaksin dengan memanfaatkan teknologi yang sama yang digunakan untuk membuat percobaan [[vaksin Ebola]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-johnson-johnson-idUSKBN1ZS1VW |title=Johnson & Johnson working on vaccine for deadly coronavirus |first=Manas|last=Mishra|date=29 Januari 2020|website=[[Reuters]]|access-date=21 Februari 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129231718/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-johnson-johnson-idUSKBN1ZS1VW |language=en|archive-date=29 Januari 2020 |url-status=live |language=en|name-list-format=vanc}}</ref> Pada bulan berikutnya, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis Lanjutan [[Kementerian Kesehatan dan Layanan Masyarakat Amerika Serikat]] (BARDA) mengumumkan bahwa mereka akan berkolaborasi dengan Janssen dan [[Sanofi Pasteur]] (Divisi vaksin [[Sanofi]]) untuk mengembangkan vaksin.<ref name="STAT Sanofi" /><ref name="HHS Sanofi PR">{{cite press release | title=HHS Engages Sanofi's Recombinant Technology for 2019 Novel Coronavirus Vaccine | agency=[[Kementerian Kesehatan dan Layanan Masyarakat Amerika Serikat|Departemen Kesehatan dan Layanan Masyarakat Amerika Serikat]] (HHS) | date=14 Februari 2020 | url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2020/02/18/hhs-engages-sanofis-recombinant-technology-for-2019-novel-coronavirus-vaccine.html | access-date=21 Februari 2020 }} {{WebarchiveCite web |url=https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2020/02/18/hhs-engages-sanofis-recombinant-technology-for-2019-novel-coronavirus-vaccine.html |title=Salinan arsip |access-date=2020-02-21 |archive-date=2020-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218195718/https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2020/02/18/hhs-engages-sanofis-recombinant-technology-for-2019-novel-coronavirus-vaccine.html |datedead-url=2020-02-18yes }}</ref> Sanofi sebelumnya telah mengembangkan vaksin untuk [[SARS]] dan mulai berharap memiliki calon vaksin dalam waktu enam bulan yang dapat siap untuk diuji pada orang dalam satu tahun hingga 18 bulan.<ref name="STAT Sanofi">{{Cite news |url=https://www.statnews.com/2020/02/18/sanofi-announces-it-will-work-with-hhs-to-develop-coronavirus-vaccine/ |title=Sanofi announces it will work with HHS to develop coronavirus vaccine |last=Branswell|first=Helen|date=18 Februari 2020|work=STAT|access-date=21 Februari 2020|language=en| name-list-format=vanc}}</ref>
 
=== Antivirus ===