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Baris 1: {{Taxobox '''Senna''' merupakan golongan obat pencahar yang digunakan untuk mengatasi [[sembelit]] atau [[konstipasi]]. Selain untuk mengatasi konstipasi, obat ini juga dapat digunakan untuk membersihkan kotoran di [[usus besar]] atau isi perut sebelum menjalani operasi. Senna berbentuk kapsul, termasuk dalam kategori obat bebas yang dapat dikonsumsi oleh anak-anak hingga [[dewasa]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.rxlist.com/senna/supplements.htm\|title=Senna: Health Benefits, Uses, Side Effects, Dosage & Interactions\|website=RxList\|language=en\|access-date=2019-12-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/senna/\|title=Senna (Senokot): laxative to treat constipation\|date=2018-08-29\|website=nhs.uk\|language=en\|access-date=2019-12-12}}</ref> \| color = {{tc2\|tumbuhan}} \| name = '''''Senna''''' \| image = Senna_alexandrina_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-264.jpg \| image_caption = ''Senna alexandrina'' \| regnum = [[Plantae]] <!--tumbuhan berbunga--> {{kladtb\|[[Tumbuhan berpembuluh\|Tracheophyta]]}} {{kladtb\|[[Tumbuhan berbunga\|Angiospermae]]}} {{kladtb\|[[Eudikotil]]}} {{kladtb\|[[Rosid]]}} \| ordo = [[Fabales]] \| familia = [[Fabaceae]] \| subfamilia = [[Caesalpinioideae]] \| tribus = [[Cassieae]] \| subtribus = [[Cassiinae]] \| genus = '''''Senna''''' \| genus_authority = [[Philip Miller\|Mill.]] \| subdivision_ranks = Spesies \| subdivision = Lihat teks \| synonyms_ref=<ref name=Irwin1982>{{cite book \|vauthors=Irwin HS, Barneby RC \|date=1982 \|title=The American Cassiinae: A synoptical revision of Leguminosae tribe Cassieae subtribe Casiinae in the New World, Part 1 \|url=http://antbase.org/ants/publications/nybg/Cassiinae%20pt%201%20NY-Botanical_gardens_Vol.%2035_1%20-%20Copy.pdf \|location=Bronx, N.Y. \|publisher=New York Botanical Garden \|id=[http://mertzdigital.nybg.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p9016coll16/id/4364/rec/2 b1010840] \|oclc=8553234}}</ref> \| synonyms= ''Adipera'' <small>Raf. 1838</small> ''Cassia'' <small>(Mill.) Benth. 1871</small> ''Cassia'' sect. ''Senna'' <small>(Tournefort) DC. ex Colladon 1816</small> ''Cassia'' sect. ''Senna'' <small>''sensu'' Benth. 1865</small> ''Cassia'' subgen. ''Senna'' <small>Benth. 1870</small> ''Cathartocarpus'' <small>(''partim'')</small> ''Chamaefistula'' <small>(DC.) G. Don</small> ''Chamaesenna'' <small>(DC.) Raf. ex Pittier</small> ''Desmodiocassia'' <small>Britton & Rose</small> ''Diallobus'' <small></small> ''Earleocassia'' <small>Britton</small> ''Echinocassia'' <small>Britton & Rose</small> ''Gaumerocassia'' <small>Britton</small> ''Herpetica'' <small>(DC.) Raf.</small> ''Isandrina'' <small></small> ''Leonocassia'' <small>Britton</small> ''Palmerocassia'' <small>Britton</small> ''Peiranisia'' <small>Raf.</small> ''Phragmocassia'' <small>Britton & Rose</small> ''Pseudocassia'' <small>Britton & Rose</small> ''Pterocassia'' <small>Britton & Rose</small> ''Sciacassia'' <small>Britton</small> ''Senna sensu'' <small>Gaertn. 1791</small> ''Senna sensu'' <small>Link 1831</small> ''Senna sensu'' <small>Roxb. 1832</small> ''Sericeocassia'' <small>Britton</small> ''Tharpia'' <small>Britton & Rose</small> ''Vogelocassia'' <small>Britton</small> ''Xerocassia'' <small>Britton & Rose</small> }} '''''Senna''''' atau genus pohon '''ketepeng''' adalah sebuah genus [[tumbuhan berbunga]] besar dalam suku kacang-kacangan ([[Fabaceae]]).<ref name="6subfamilies">{{cite journal \|author=The Legume Phylogeny Working Group (LPWG) \|year=2017 \|title=A new subfamily classification of the Leguminosae based on a taxonomically comprehensive phylogeny \|journal=[[Taxon (journal)\|Taxon]] \|volume=66 \|issue=1 \|pages=44–77 \|doi=10.12705/661.3\|doi-access=free}}</ref> Genus yang beragam ini tersebar di seluruh daerah tropis, dengan sejumlah kecil spesies di daerah beriklim sedang. Jumlah spesies anggotanya diperkirakan sekitar 260 hingga 350 spesies.<ref name="marazzi2006" >{{Cite journal \|doi=10.3732/ajb.93.2.288 \|title=Phylogenetic relationships within ''Senna'' (Leguminosae, Cassiinae) based on three chloroplast DNA regions: patterns in the evolution of floral symmetry and extrafloral nectaries \|year=2006 \|author=Marazzi, B. \|journal=American Journal of Botany \|volume=93 \|issue=2 \|pages=288–303 \|display-authors=etal \|pmid=21646190 \|s2cid=24791422 \|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/15e7d669ce2fb00e5398caf30cf1f9b876badbf3}}</ref><ref name="randell1998">Randell, B. R. and B. A. Barlow. 1998. ''Senna''. pp 89-138. In: A. S. George (executive editor). ''Flora of Australia'' volume 12. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra, Australia.</ref> Spesies tipe pada genus ini adalah ''[[Senna alexandrina]]''. Sekitar 50 spesiesnya merupakan tanaman budidaya.<ref name="rhs">Huxley, A., et al. (1992). ''The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening''. The Macmillan Press, Limited: London. The Stockton Press: New York. {{ISBN\|978-0-333-47494-5}} (set).</ref> ~~Sembelit bisa disebabkan oleh beberapa hal, antara lain:~~ Namanya berasal dari kata dalam [[Bahasa Arab]] ''sanā'', yang menggambarkan sebuah tumbuhan yang daun dan polongnya memiliki sifat [[katarsis]] dan [[Laksatif\|pencahar]].<ref name=foa2>B.R.Randell, B.R. & Barlow, B.A. (2017) [https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Senna "''Senna''".] In: ''Flora of Australia''. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra. Retrieved 10 June 2019.</ref> Tubuh kurang gerak, misalnya ketika tertidur terus karena sakit. * Mengonsumsi obat-obatan tertentu, seperti [[zat besi]] atau diuretik. * Kurang mengkonsumsi makanan yang berserat dan kurang minum air putih. == ~~Proses kerja Obat~~Morfologi == Anggotanya berupa tumbuhan semak dan pohon. Daunnya menyirip dengan selebaran berpasangan yang berlawanan. Bunganya muncul dari ketiak daun dan memiliki lima [[kelopak bunga]] yang biasanya berwarna kuning, di dalamnya terdapat sepuluh [[benang sari]] yang lurus. Ukuran benang sarinya mungkin berbeda. Buahnya berupa polong yang mengandung beberapa biji.<ref name=china>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=130094 ''Senna''.] Flora of China.</ref> Senna bekerja dengan cara merangsang otot saluran pencernaan agar bisa mendorong kotoran mendekati [[dubur]], sekaligus meningkatkan [[frekuensi]] buang air. Efek dari obat yang tersedia dalam bentuk kapsul ini dapat berlangsung hingga 8-12 jam.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-652/senna\|title=Senna: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Dosage, and Warning\|website=www.webmd.com\|access-date=2019-12-12}}</ref> == Daftar spesies<ref name=powo>{{cite web \|title=''Senna'' Mill. \|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000132-2 \|website=Plants of the World Online \|publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] \|access-date=29 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.ildis.org/AliceWeb/6.00/names/npall/npall_656.shtml \|title=ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for ''Senna'' \|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> \|website=International Legume Database & Information Service \|publisher=Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics \|access-date=6 January 2017}}</ref><ref name=grin>{{cite web \|url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=11066 \|title=GRIN species records of ''Senna'' \|author=[[USDA]], [[Agricultural Research Service\|ARS]], National Genetic Resources Program \|website=[[Germplasm Resources Information Network]]—(GRIN) [Online Database] \|publisher=[[Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center\|National Germplasm Resources Laboratory]], Beltsville, Maryland \|access-date=6 January 2017}}</ref> == ~~== Merek Dagang ==~~ ''[[Senna acanthoclada]]'' <small>(Griseb.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> [[Daun Senna Semesta]] ''[[Senna acclinis]]'' <small>(F.Muell.) Randell</small> [[Herba Senna Aloe]] ''[[Senna aciphylla]]'' <small>(Benth. ex A.Gray) Randell</small> [[GNC Herbal Plus Senna Leaf Extract]] ''[[Senna aculeata]]'' <small>(Pohl ex Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> Senna ''[[Senna acunae]]'' <small>(Borhidi) A.Barreto & Yakovlev</small> ''[[Senna acuparata]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna acuruensis]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna acutisepala]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna affinis]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Ketepeng cina\|Senna alata]]'' <small>(L.) Roxb.</small> – '''Ketepeng cina''' ''[[Senna alexandrina]]'' <small>Mill.</small> ''[[Senna andrieuxii]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna angulata]]'' <small>(Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna angustisiliqua]]'' <small>(Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna ankaranensis]]'' <small>Du Puy & R.Rabev.</small> ''[[Senna anthoxantha]]'' <small>(Capuron) Du Puy</small> ''[[Senna aphylla]]'' <small>(Cav.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna apiculata]]'' <small>(M.Martens & Galeotti) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna appendiculata]]'' <small>(Vogel) Wiersema</small> ''[[Senna apsidoneura]]'' <small>(H.S.Irwin & Barneby) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna araucarietorum]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna argentea]]'' <small>(Kunth) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna arida]]'' <small>(Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna aristeguietae]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna armata]]'' <small>(S.Watson) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna arnottiana]]'' <small>(Hook.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna artemisioides]]'' <small>(Gaudich. ex DC.) Randell</small> ''[[Senna atomaria]]'' <small>(L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna aurantia]]'' <small>(Ruiz & Pav. ex G.Don) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna auriculata]]'' <small>(L.) Roxb.</small> ''[[Senna aversiflora]]'' <small>(Herb.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna aymara]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna baccarinii]]'' <small>(Chiov.) Lock</small> ''[[Senna bacillaris]]'' <small>(L.f.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna barclayana]]'' <small>(Sweet) Randell</small> ''[[Senna barnebyana]]'' <small>Lass.</small> ''[[Senna barronfieldii]]'' <small>(Colla) Hewson</small> ''[[Senna bauhinioides]]'' <small>(A.Gray) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna benitoensis]]'' <small>(Britton & P.Wilson) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna bicapsularis]]'' <small>(L.) Roxb.</small> ''[[Senna biglandularis]]'' <small>A.O.Araujo & V.C.Souza</small> ''[[Senna birostris]]'' <small>(Dombey ex Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna bosseri]]'' <small>Du Puy & R.Rabev.</small> ''[[Senna bracteosa]]'' <small>D.B.O.S.Cardoso & L.P.Queiroz</small> ''[[Senna brongniartii]]'' <small>(Gaudich.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna burkartiana]]'' <small>(Villa) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna cajamarcae]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna cana]]'' <small>(Nees & Mart.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna candolleana]]'' <small>(Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna cardiosperma]]'' <small>(F.Muell.) Randell</small> ''[[Senna catingae]]'' <small>(Harms) L.P.Queiroz</small> ''[[Senna caudata]]'' <small>(Standl.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna cearensis]]'' <small>Afr.Fern.</small> ''[[Senna centranthera]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna cernua]]'' <small>(Balb.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna chapmanii]]'' <small>(Isely) A.Barreto & Yakovlev</small> ''[[Senna charlesiana]]'' <small>(Symon) Randell</small> ''[[Senna chloroclada]]'' <small>(Harms) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna chrysocarpa]]'' <small>(Desv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna cladophylla]]'' <small>(W.Fitzg.) Randell</small> ''[[Senna clavigera]]'' <small>(Domin) Randell</small> ''[[Senna cobanensis]]'' <small>(Britton) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna coimbrae]]'' <small>M.Nee & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna collicola]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna confinis]]'' <small>(Greene) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna corifolia]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna cornigera]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna coronilloides]]'' <small>(Benth.) Randell</small> ''[[Senna corymbosa]]'' <small>(Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small><ref name=itis>[https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=500553 ''Senna''.] Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).</ref> ''[[Senna costata]]'' <small>(J.F.Bailey & C.T.White) Randell</small> ''[[Senna covesii]]'' <small>(A.Gray) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small><ref name=itis/> ''[[Senna crassiramea]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna crotalarioides]]'' <small>(Kunth) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna cruckshanksii]]'' <small>(Hook.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna cuatrecasasii]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna cumingii]]'' <small>(Hook. & Arn.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna curvistyla]]'' <small>(J.M.Black) Randell</small> ''[[Senna cushina]]'' <small>(J.F.Macbr.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna cuthbertsonii]]'' <small>(F.Muell.) Randell</small> ''[[Senna dardanoi]]'' <small>Afr.Fern. & P.Bezerra</small> ''[[Senna dariensis]]'' <small>(Britton & Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna davidsonii]]'' <small>(V.Singh) V.Singh</small> ''[[Senna demissa]]'' <small>(Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna didymobotrya]]'' <small>(Fresen.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna divaricata]]'' <small>(Nees & Blume) Lock</small> ''[[Senna domingensis]]'' <small>(Spreng.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna durangensis]]'' <small>(Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna ellisiae]]'' <small>(Brenan) Lock</small> ''[[Senna ferraria]]'' <small>(Symon) Randell</small> ''[[Senna flexuosa]]'' <small>(Randell) Randell</small> ''[[Senna foetidissima]]'' <small>(Ruiz & Pav. ex G.Don) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna formosa]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna fruticosa]]'' <small>(Mill.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna galeottiana]]'' <small>(M.Martens) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna gardneri]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna garrettiana]]'' <small>(Craib) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna gaudichaudii]]'' <small>(Hook. & Arn.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small><ref name="Bishop">{{cite web \|url=http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/ethnobotanydb/resultsdetailed.asp?search=kolomona \|title=kolomona, kalamona, heuhiuhi, uhiuhi \|work=Hawaiian Ethnobotany Online Database \|publisher=[[Bernice P. Bishop Museum]] \|access-date=2009-03-10 \|archive-date=2007-07-02 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702122816/http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/ethnobotanydb/resultsdetailed.asp?search=kolomona \|dead-url=yes }}</ref> ''[[Senna georgica]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna glanduligera]]'' <small>(H.St.John) A.C.Sm.</small> ''[[Senna glaucifolia]]'' <small>(Randell) Randell</small> ''[[Senna glutinosa]]'' <small>(DC.) Randell</small> ''[[Senna goniodes]]'' <small>(A.Cunn. ex Benth.) Randell</small> ''[[Senna gossweileri]]'' <small>(Baker f.) Lock</small> ''[[Senna guatemalensis]]'' <small>(Donn.Sm.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna gundlachii]]'' <small>(Urb.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna hamersleyensis]]'' <small>(Symon) Randell</small> ''[[Senna harleyi]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna haughtii]]'' <small>(J.F.Macbr.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna hayesiana]]'' <small>(Britton & Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna hebecarpa]]'' <small>(Fernald) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna heptanthera]]'' <small>Randell</small> ''[[Senna herzogii]]'' <small>(Harms) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna hilariana]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna hirsuta]]'' <small>(L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna holosericea]]'' <small>(Fresen.) Greuter</small> ''[[Senna holwayana]]'' <small>(Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna hookeriana]]'' <small>Batke</small> ''[[Senna huancabambae]]'' <small>(Harms) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna huidobriana]]'' <small>(Phil.) Zoellner & San Martin</small> ''[[Senna huilana]]'' <small>(Britton & Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna humifusa]]'' <small>(Brenan) Lock</small> ''[[Senna incarnata]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna insularis]]'' <small>(Britton & Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna intermedia]]'' <small>(B.D.Sharma, Vivek. & Rathakr.) V.Singh</small> ''[[Senna italica]]'' <small>Mill.</small> ''[[Senna itatiaiae]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna koelziana]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna kurtzii]]'' <small>(Harms) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna lactea]]'' <small>(Vatke) Du Puy</small> ''[[Senna lasseigniana]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna latifolia]]'' <small>(G.Mey.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna leandrii]]'' <small>(Ghesq.) Du Puy</small> ''[[Senna lechriosperma]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna leiophylla]]'' <small>(Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna leptoclada]]'' <small>(Benth.) Randell</small> ''[[Senna ligustrina]]'' <small>(L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> – privet senna ''[[Senna lindheimeriana]]'' <small>(Scheele) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna longiglandulosa]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna longiracemosa]]'' <small>(Vatke) Lock</small> ''[[Senna loretensis]]'' <small>(Killip) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna lourteigiana]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna macranthera]]'' <small>(DC. ex Collad.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna macrophylla]]'' <small>(Kunth) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna magnifolia]]'' <small>(F.Muell.) Randell</small> ''[[Senna malaspinae]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna mandonii]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna manicula]]'' <small>(Symon) Randell</small> ''[[Senna marilandica]]'' <small>(L.) Link</small> ''[[Senna martiana]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna mensicola]]'' <small>(H.S.Irwin & Barneby) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna meridionalis]]'' <small>(R.Vig.) Du Puy</small> ''[[Senna mexicana]]'' <small>(Jacq.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna mollissima]]'' <small>(Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna monilifera]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna monozyx]]'' <small>(H.S.Irwin & Barneby) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna montana]]'' <small>(B.Heyne ex Roth) V.Singh</small> ''[[Senna morongii]]'' <small>(Britton) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna mucronifera]]'' <small>(Mart. ex Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna multifoliolata]]'' <small>(Paul G.Wilson) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna multiglandulosa]]'' <small>(Jacq.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna multijuga]]'' <small>(Rich.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna mutisiana]]'' <small>(Kunth) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna nana]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna neglecta]]'' <small>(Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna nicaraguensis]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna nitida]]'' <small>(Rich.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna notabilis]]'' <small>(F.Muell.) Randell</small> ''[[Senna nudicaulis]]'' <small>(Burkart) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna obliqua]]'' <small>(G.Don) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna oblongifolia]]'' <small>(Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna obtusifolia]]'' <small>(L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Kasingsat\|Senna occidentalis]]'' <small>(L.) Link</small><ref>{{GRIN \|''Senna occidentalis'' \|100059 \|access-date=12 December 2017}}</ref> – '''Kasingsat''' ''[[Senna oligoclada]]'' <small>(F.Muell.) Randell</small> ''[[Senna orcuttii]]'' <small>(Britton & Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna organensis]]'' <small>(Glaz. ex Harms) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna oxyphylla]]'' <small>(Kunth) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna pachyrrhiza]]'' <small>(L.Bravo) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna pallida]]'' <small>(Vahl) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna papillosa]]'' <small>(Britton & Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna paposana]]'' <small>(Phil.) Zoellner & San Martin</small> ''[[Senna paradictyon]]'' <small>(Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna paraensis]]'' <small>(Ducke) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna pendula]]'' <small>(Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna pentagonia]]'' <small>(Mill.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna peralteana]]'' <small>(Kunth) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna perrieri]]'' <small>(R.Vig.) Du Puy</small> ''[[Senna petersiana]]'' <small>(Bolle) Lock</small> ''[[Senna phlebadenia]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna phyllodinea]]'' <small>(R.Br.) Symon</small> ''[[Senna pilifera]]'' <small>(Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna pilocarina]]'' <small>(Symon) Randell</small> ''[[Senna pilosior]]'' <small>(B.L.Rob.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna pinheiroi]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna pistaciifolia]]'' <small>(Kunth) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna planitiicola]]'' <small>(Domin) Randell</small> ''[[Senna pleurocarpa]]'' <small>(F.Muell.) Randell</small><ref>{{GRIN \|''Senna pleurocarpa'' \|406855 \|access-date=12 December 2017}}</ref> ''[[Senna pneumatica]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna podocarpa]]'' <small>(Guill. & Perr.) Lock</small> ''[[Senna polyantha]]'' <small>(Collad.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna polyphylla]]'' <small>(Jacq.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna praeterita]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna procumbens]]'' <small>Randell</small> ''[[Senna pumilio]]'' <small>(A.Gray) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna punoensis]]'' <small>Lass.</small> ''[[Senna purpusii]]'' <small>(Brandegee) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna quinquangulata]]'' <small>(Rich.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna racemosa]]'' <small>(Mill.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna reniformis]]'' <small>(G.Don) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna reticulata]]'' <small>(Willd.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna rigidicaulis]]'' <small>(Burkart ex L.Bravo) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna ripleyana]]'' <small>(H.S.Irwin & Barneby) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna rizzinii]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna robiniifolia]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna roemeriana]]'' <small>(Scheele) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna rostrata]]'' <small>(Mart.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna rugosa]]'' <small>(G.Don) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna ruiziana]]'' <small>(G.Don) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna rupununiensis]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna ruspolii]]'' <small>(Chiov.) Lock</small> ''[[Senna saeri]]'' <small>(Pittier) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna sandwithiana]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna santanderensis]]'' <small>(Britton & Killip) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna scabriuscula]]'' <small>(Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna scandens]]'' <small>(G.Don) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Kicik-kicik\|Senna septemtrionalis]]'' <small>(Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> – '''Kicik-kicik''' ''[[Senna sericea]]'' <small>(Symon) Albr. & Symon</small> ''[[Johar\|Senna siamea]]'' <small>(Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> – '''Johar''' ''[[Senna silvestris]]'' <small>(Vell.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna singueana]]'' <small>(Delile) Lock</small> ''[[Senna skinneri]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna smithiana]]'' <small>(Britton & Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna sophera]]'' <small>(L.) Roxb.</small> ''[[Senna sophora]]'' <small>Roxb.</small> ''[[Senna sousana]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna spectabilis]]'' <small>(DC.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna spinescens]]'' <small>(Hoffmanns. ex Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna spiniflora]]'' <small>(Burkart) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna spinigera]]'' <small>(Rizzini) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna splendida]]'' <small>(Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna stenophylla]]'' <small>(Britton) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna stipulacea]]'' <small>(Aiton) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna stowardii]]'' <small>(S.Moore) Randell</small> ''[[Senna stricta]]'' <small>(Randell) Randell</small> ''[[Senna suarezensis]]'' <small>(Capuron) Du Puy</small> ''[[Senna subtrijuga]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna subulata]]'' <small>(Griseb.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna sulfurea]]'' <small>(DC. ex Collad.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna surattensis]]'' <small>(Burm.f.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna symonii]]'' <small>(Randell) Randell</small> ''[[Senna talpana]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna tapajozensis]]'' <small>(Ducke) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna tenuifolia]]'' <small>(Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna timoriensis]]'' <small>(DC.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna tocotana]]'' <small>(Rose ex Britton & Killip) Silverst.</small> ''[[Senna tonduzii]]'' <small>(Standl.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Ketepeng kecil\|Senna tora]]'' <small>(L.) Roxb.</small> – '''Ketepeng kecil''' ''[[Senna trachypus]]'' <small>(Mart. ex Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna trianae]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna trolliiflora]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna tropica]]'' <small>(Vell.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna truncata]]'' <small>(Brenan) Lock</small> ''[[Senna tuhovalyana]]'' <small>(Aké Assi) Lock</small> ''[[Senna uncata]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna undulata]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna uniflora]]'' <small>(Mill.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna unijuga]]'' <small>(Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna urmenetae]]'' <small>(Phil.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna vargasii]]'' <small>(Schery) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna velutina]]'' <small>(Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna venusta]]'' <small>(F.Muell.) Randell</small> ''[[Senna versicolor]]'' <small>(Meyen ex Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna viarum]]'' <small>(Little) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna viciifolia]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna viguierella]]'' <small>(Ghesq.) Du Puy</small> ''[[Senna villosa]]'' <small>(Mill.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna viminea]]'' <small>(L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna weddelliana]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna williamsii]]'' <small>(Britton & Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna wislizeni]]'' <small>(A.Gray) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> ''[[Senna wurdackii]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> == Kegunaan == ~~== Peringatan penggunaan Senna ==~~ Beberapa spesies ''Senna'' digunakan sebagai [[tanaman hias]] dalam lanskap. * Mintalah saran dan pengawasan dari dokter sebelum memberikan senna kepada anak-anak. * Harap berhati-hati dalam menggunakan senna apabila sedang menderita [[kolitis ulseratif]], perdarahan pada saluran cerna, [[penyakit Crohn]], memiliki gejala-gejala [[radang usus buntu]] atau nyeri di perut. Spesies ''[[Senna obtusifolia]]'' digunakan sebagai bahan pengental. Daun dan bunga ''[[Senna siamea]]'' digunakan dalam beberapa masakan di [[Asia Tenggara]], seperti masakan [[Thailand]], [[Myanmar]], dan [[Laos]]. Di Thailand dikenal sebagai ''khi-lek'' yang digunakan dalam pembuatan kari.<ref>{{cite journal \|author=Teangpook C. \|display-authors=etal \|year=2011 \|title=Production and nutrition of ''Khi Lek'' (Siamese cassia) curry from central Thailand \|url=http://kasetsartjournal.ku.ac.th/kuj_files/2011/A1108161121579843.pdf \|journal=Kasetsart. J. (Nat. Sci.) \|volume=45 \|pages=510–20}}</ref> * Hindari penggunaan senna untuk jangka panjang atau berlebih.Beri tahu dokter jika sedang menggunakan obat-obat lainnya, termasuk herba atau [[Suplemen makanan\|suplemen]] yang dikhawatirkan menimbulkan interaksi obat tidak diinginkan. * Segera hubungi dokter jika terjadi reaksi [[alergi]] atau [[overdosis]] saat menggunakan senna.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> ''[[Senna alexandrina]]'' telah digunakan sebagai pencahar, baik dalam bentuk polongnya atau sebagai teh herbal yang terbuat dari daunnya. Senna dianggap sebagai [[stimulan]] usus pada [[Plexus Auerbach]] [[usus besar]] untuk menginduksi [[kontraksi]] [[peristaltik]] dan mengurangi penyerapan air dari dalam usus besar, efek yang akan meredakan [[sembelit]].<ref name="Leung">{{cite journal \|pmid=21737769 \|year=2011 \|last1=Leung \|first1=L \|title=Chronic constipation: An evidence-based review \|journal=The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine \|volume=24 \|issue=4 \|pages=436–51 \|last2=Riutta \|first2=T \|last3=Kotecha \|first3=J \|last4=Rosser \|first4=W \|doi=10.3122/jabfm.2011.04.100272\|doi-access=free}}</ref> Sirup pencahar dari buah [[ara]] mendapatkan sebagian besar efeknya ketika berinteraksi dengan ''senna''.<ref name="bottles">{{Cite web \|last=Lockhart \|first=Bill \|last2=Schriever \|first2=Beau \|title=California Fig Syrup: The Company and Its Bottles \|url=https://sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/CaliforniaFigSyrup.pdf \|access-date=2022-01-01 \|website=Society for Historical Archaeology}}</ref> Senna atau sennosida ([[Senna glikosida]]) yang diekstraksi sendiri, atau dalam kombinasi dengan [[sorbitol]] atau [[laktulosa]], telah dievaluasi dalam [[tinjauan sistematis]] dan ulasan Cochrane untuk pengobatan sembelit pada anak-anak dan orang tua. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bukti yang terbatas untuk kemanjuran,<ref>{{cite journal \|pmc=3217654 \|year=2010 \|last1=Mueller-Lissner \|first1=S. A. \|title=Constipation in adults \|journal=BMJ Clinical Evidence \|volume=2010 \|pages=0413 \|last2=Wald \|first2=A \|pmid=21418672}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|pmid=26757467 \|year=2016 \|last1=Wald \|first1=A \|title=Constipation: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment \|journal=JAMA \|volume=315 \|issue=2 \|pages=185–91 \|doi=10.1001/jama.2015.16994}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|pmc=4848256 \|year=2016 \|last1=Izzy \|first1=M \|title=Review of efficacy and safety of laxatives use in geriatrics \|journal=World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics \|volume=7 \|issue=2 \|pages=334–342 \|last2=Malieckal \|first2=A \|last3=Little \|first3=E \|last4=Anand \|first4=S \|doi=10.4292/wjgpt.v7.i2.334 \|pmid=27158549}}</ref> sedangkan yang lain menunjukkan desain penelitian terlalu lemah untuk memastikan senna memiliki utilitas sebagai pencahar.<ref name=Leung/><ref>{{cite journal \|pmid=25535635 \|year=2014 \|title=Treatments for Constipation: A Review of Systematic Reviews \|journal=Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health \|author=CADTH Rapid Response Reports \|series=CADTH Rapid Response Reports \|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0071338/}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|pmid=27531591 \|pmc=6513425 \|year=2016 \|last1=Gordon \|first1=M \|title=Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation \|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews \|issue=8 \|pages=CD009118 \|last2=MacDonald \|first2=J. K. \|last3=Parker \|first3=C. E. \|last4=Akobeng \|first4=A. K. \|last5=Thomas \|first5=A. G. \|volume=2018 \|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD009118.pub3}}</ref> == Referensi == {{Reflist}} ~~<references />~~ [[Kategori:Senna]] [[Kategori:Fabaceae]] [[Kategori:Tumbuhan berbunga]]