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Baris 1:
{{Taxobox
| color = {{tc2|tumbuhan}}
| name = '''''Senna'''''
| image = Senna_alexandrina_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-264.jpg
| image_caption = ''Senna alexandrina''
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
<!--tumbuhan berbunga-->
| subregnum = [[Trachaeophyta]]
{{kladtb|[[Tumbuhan berpembuluh|Tracheophyta]]}}
| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
{{kladtb|[[Tumbuhan berbunga|Angiospermae]]}}
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
{{kladtb|[[Eudikotil]]}}
| subclassis = [[Rosidae]]
{{kladtb|[[Rosid]]}}
| ordo = [[Fabales]]
| familia = [[Fabaceae]]
Baris 17 ⟶ 19:
| subdivision_ranks = Spesies
| subdivision = Lihat teks
| synonyms_ref=<ref name=Irwin1982>{{cite book |vauthors=Irwin HS, Barneby RC |date=1982 |title=The American Cassiinae: A synoptical revision of Leguminosae tribe Cassieae subtribe Casiinae in the New World, Part 1 |url=http://antbase.org/ants/publications/nybg/Cassiinae%20pt%201%20NY-Botanical_gardens_Vol.%2035_1%20-%20Copy.pdf |location=Bronx, N.Y. |publisher=New York Botanical Garden |id=[http://mertzdigital.nybg.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p9016coll16/id/4364/rec/2 b1010840] |oclc=8553234}}</ref>
| synonyms_ref=<ref name=Irwin1982/>
| synonyms=
*''Adipera'' <small>Raf. 1838</small>
Baris 50 ⟶ 52:
}}
 
'''''Senna''''' atau genus pohon '''ketepeng''' adalah sebuah genus [[tumbuhan berbunga]] besar dalam suku kacang-kacangan ([[Fabaceae]]).<ref name="6subfamilies">{{cite journal |author=The Legume Phylogeny Working Group (LPWG) |year=2017 |title=A new subfamily classification of the Leguminosae based on a taxonomically comprehensive phylogeny |journal=[[Taxon (journal)|Taxon]] |volume=66 |issue=1 |pages=44–77 |doi=10.12705/661.3|doi-access=free}}</ref> Genus yang beragam ini tersebar di seluruh daerah tropis, dengan sejumlah kecil spesies di daerah beriklim sedang. Jumlah spesies anggotanya diperkirakan sekitar 260 hingga 350 spesies.<ref name="marazzi2006" >{{Cite journal |doi=10.3732/ajb.93.2.288 |title=Phylogenetic relationships within ''Senna'' (Leguminosae, Cassiinae) based on three chloroplast DNA regions: patterns in the evolution of floral symmetry and extrafloral nectaries |year=2006 |author=Marazzi, B. |journal=American Journal of Botany |volume=93 |issue=2 |pages=288–303 |display-authors=etal |pmid=21646190 |s2cid=24791422 |url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/15e7d669ce2fb00e5398caf30cf1f9b876badbf3}}</ref><ref name="randell1998">Randell, B. R. and B. A. Barlow. 1998. ''Senna''. pp 89-138. In: A. S. George (executive editor). ''Flora of Australia'' volume 12. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra, Australia.</ref> Spesies tipe pada genus ini adalah ''[[Senna alexandrina]]''. Sekitar 50 spesiesnya merupakan tanaman budidaya.<ref name="rhs">Huxley, A., et al. (1992). ''The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening''. The Macmillan Press, Limited: London. The Stockton Press: New York. {{ISBN|978-0-333-47494-5}} (set).</ref>
 
Namanya berasal dari kata dalam [[Bahasa Arab]] ''sanā'', yang menggambarkan sebuah tumbuhan yang daun dan polongnya memiliki sifat [[katarsis]] dan [[Laksatif|pencahar]].<ref name=foa2>B.R.Randell, B.R. & Barlow, B.A. (2017) [https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Senna "''Senna''".] In: ''Flora of Australia''. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra. Retrieved 10 June 2019.</ref>
== Proses kerja obat ==
Senna bekerja dengan cara merangsang otot saluran pencernaan agar bisa mendorong kotoran mendekati [[dubur]], sekaligus meningkatkan [[frekuensi]] buang air. Selain itu Senna juga mengandung banyak bahan kimia yang disebut sennosides. Sennosides mengiritasi lapisan usus, yang menyebabkan pencahar. Efek dari obat yang tersedia dalam bentuk kapsul ini dapat berlangsung hingga 8-12 jam.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-652/senna|title=Senna: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Dosage, and Warning|website=www.webmd.com|access-date=2019-12-12}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/senna.html|title=Senna: Uses, Dosage & Side Effects Information|website=Drugs.com|language=en|access-date=2019-12-13}}</ref>
[[Berkas:Sennoside.png|jmpl|232x232px|Senna glikosida]]
 
== KegunaanMorfologi ==
Anggotanya berupa tumbuhan semak dan pohon. Daunnya menyirip dengan selebaran berpasangan yang berlawanan. Bunganya muncul dari ketiak daun dan memiliki lima [[kelopak bunga]] yang biasanya berwarna kuning, di dalamnya terdapat sepuluh [[benang sari]] yang lurus. Ukuran benang sarinya mungkin berbeda. Buahnya berupa polong yang mengandung beberapa biji.<ref name=china>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=130094 ''Senna''.] Flora of China.</ref>
 
== Daftar spesies<ref name=powo>{{cite web |title=''Senna'' Mill. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000132-2 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |access-date=29 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ildis.org/AliceWeb/6.00/names/npall/npall_656.shtml |title=ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for ''Senna'' |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |website=International Legume Database & Information Service |publisher=Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics |access-date=6 January 2017}}</ref><ref name=grin>{{cite web |url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=11066 |title=GRIN species records of ''Senna'' |author=[[USDA]], [[Agricultural Research Service|ARS]], National Genetic Resources Program |website=[[Germplasm Resources Information Network]]—(GRIN) [Online Database] |publisher=[[Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center|National Germplasm Resources Laboratory]], Beltsville, Maryland |access-date=6 January 2017}}</ref> ==
* [[Sembelit]] (Efektif).
 
*''[[Senna acanthoclada]]'' <small>(Griseb.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
* Persiapan usus sebelum kolonoskopi (Efektif).
*''[[Senna acclinis]]'' <small>(F.Muell.) Randell</small>
* Pencitraan diagnostik (Tidak efektif).
*''[[Senna aciphylla]]'' <small>(Benth. ex A.Gray) Randell</small>
* [[Wasir]] (Tidak cukup bukti untuk menilai efektivitas).
*''[[Senna aculeata]]'' <small>(Pohl ex Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
* Iritasi usus besar (Tidak cukup bukti untuk menilai efektivitas).
*''[[Senna acunae]]'' <small>(Borhidi) A.Barreto & Yakovlev</small>
* Menurunkan berat badan (Tidak cukup bukti untuk menilai efektivitas).<ref name=":0" />
*''[[Senna acuparata]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna acuruensis]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna acutisepala]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna affinis]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Ketepeng cina|Senna alata]]'' <small>(L.) Roxb.</small> – '''Ketepeng cina'''
*''[[Senna alexandrina]]'' <small>Mill.</small>
*''[[Senna andrieuxii]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna angulata]]'' <small>(Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna angustisiliqua]]'' <small>(Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna ankaranensis]]'' <small>Du Puy & R.Rabev.</small>
*''[[Senna anthoxantha]]'' <small>(Capuron) Du Puy</small>
*''[[Senna aphylla]]'' <small>(Cav.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna apiculata]]'' <small>(M.Martens & Galeotti) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna appendiculata]]'' <small>(Vogel) Wiersema</small>
*''[[Senna apsidoneura]]'' <small>(H.S.Irwin & Barneby) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna araucarietorum]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna argentea]]'' <small>(Kunth) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna arida]]'' <small>(Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna aristeguietae]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna armata]]'' <small>(S.Watson) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna arnottiana]]'' <small>(Hook.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna artemisioides]]'' <small>(Gaudich. ex DC.) Randell</small>
*''[[Senna atomaria]]'' <small>(L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna aurantia]]'' <small>(Ruiz & Pav. ex G.Don) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna auriculata]]'' <small>(L.) Roxb.</small>
*''[[Senna aversiflora]]'' <small>(Herb.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna aymara]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna baccarinii]]'' <small>(Chiov.) Lock</small>
*''[[Senna bacillaris]]'' <small>(L.f.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna barclayana]]'' <small>(Sweet) Randell</small>
*''[[Senna barnebyana]]'' <small>Lass.</small>
*''[[Senna barronfieldii]]'' <small>(Colla) Hewson</small>
*''[[Senna bauhinioides]]'' <small>(A.Gray) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna benitoensis]]'' <small>(Britton & P.Wilson) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna bicapsularis]]'' <small>(L.) Roxb.</small>
*''[[Senna biglandularis]]'' <small>A.O.Araujo & V.C.Souza</small>
*''[[Senna birostris]]'' <small>(Dombey ex Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna bosseri]]'' <small>Du Puy & R.Rabev.</small>
*''[[Senna bracteosa]]'' <small>D.B.O.S.Cardoso & L.P.Queiroz</small>
*''[[Senna brongniartii]]'' <small>(Gaudich.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna burkartiana]]'' <small>(Villa) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna cajamarcae]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna cana]]'' <small>(Nees & Mart.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna candolleana]]'' <small>(Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna cardiosperma]]'' <small>(F.Muell.) Randell</small>
*''[[Senna catingae]]'' <small>(Harms) L.P.Queiroz</small>
*''[[Senna caudata]]'' <small>(Standl.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna cearensis]]'' <small>Afr.Fern.</small>
*''[[Senna centranthera]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna cernua]]'' <small>(Balb.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna chapmanii]]'' <small>(Isely) A.Barreto & Yakovlev</small>
*''[[Senna charlesiana]]'' <small>(Symon) Randell</small>
*''[[Senna chloroclada]]'' <small>(Harms) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna chrysocarpa]]'' <small>(Desv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna cladophylla]]'' <small>(W.Fitzg.) Randell</small>
*''[[Senna clavigera]]'' <small>(Domin) Randell</small>
*''[[Senna cobanensis]]'' <small>(Britton) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna coimbrae]]'' <small>M.Nee & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna collicola]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna confinis]]'' <small>(Greene) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna corifolia]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna cornigera]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna coronilloides]]'' <small>(Benth.) Randell</small>
*''[[Senna corymbosa]]'' <small>(Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small><ref name=itis>[https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=500553 ''Senna''.] Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).</ref>
*''[[Senna costata]]'' <small>(J.F.Bailey & C.T.White) Randell</small>
*''[[Senna covesii]]'' <small>(A.Gray) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small><ref name=itis/>
*''[[Senna crassiramea]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna crotalarioides]]'' <small>(Kunth) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna cruckshanksii]]'' <small>(Hook.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna cuatrecasasii]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna cumingii]]'' <small>(Hook. & Arn.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna curvistyla]]'' <small>(J.M.Black) Randell</small>
*''[[Senna cushina]]'' <small>(J.F.Macbr.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna cuthbertsonii]]'' <small>(F.Muell.) Randell</small>
*''[[Senna dardanoi]]'' <small>Afr.Fern. & P.Bezerra</small>
*''[[Senna dariensis]]'' <small>(Britton & Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna davidsonii]]'' <small>(V.Singh) V.Singh</small>
*''[[Senna demissa]]'' <small>(Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna didymobotrya]]'' <small>(Fresen.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna divaricata]]'' <small>(Nees & Blume) Lock</small>
*''[[Senna domingensis]]'' <small>(Spreng.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna durangensis]]'' <small>(Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna ellisiae]]'' <small>(Brenan) Lock</small>
*''[[Senna ferraria]]'' <small>(Symon) Randell</small>
*''[[Senna flexuosa]]'' <small>(Randell) Randell</small>
*''[[Senna foetidissima]]'' <small>(Ruiz & Pav. ex G.Don) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna formosa]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna fruticosa]]'' <small>(Mill.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna galeottiana]]'' <small>(M.Martens) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna gardneri]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna garrettiana]]'' <small>(Craib) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna gaudichaudii]]'' <small>(Hook. & Arn.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small><ref name="Bishop">{{cite web |url=http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/ethnobotanydb/resultsdetailed.asp?search=kolomona |title=kolomona, kalamona, heuhiuhi, uhiuhi |work=Hawaiian Ethnobotany Online Database |publisher=[[Bernice P. Bishop Museum]] |access-date=2009-03-10 |archive-date=2007-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702122816/http://www2.bishopmuseum.org/ethnobotanydb/resultsdetailed.asp?search=kolomona |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
*''[[Senna georgica]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna glanduligera]]'' <small>(H.St.John) A.C.Sm.</small>
*''[[Senna glaucifolia]]'' <small>(Randell) Randell</small>
*''[[Senna glutinosa]]'' <small>(DC.) Randell</small>
*''[[Senna goniodes]]'' <small>(A.Cunn. ex Benth.) Randell</small>
*''[[Senna gossweileri]]'' <small>(Baker f.) Lock</small>
*''[[Senna guatemalensis]]'' <small>(Donn.Sm.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna gundlachii]]'' <small>(Urb.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna hamersleyensis]]'' <small>(Symon) Randell</small>
*''[[Senna harleyi]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna haughtii]]'' <small>(J.F.Macbr.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna hayesiana]]'' <small>(Britton & Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna hebecarpa]]'' <small>(Fernald) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna heptanthera]]'' <small>Randell</small>
*''[[Senna herzogii]]'' <small>(Harms) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna hilariana]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna hirsuta]]'' <small>(L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna holosericea]]'' <small>(Fresen.) Greuter</small>
*''[[Senna holwayana]]'' <small>(Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna hookeriana]]'' <small>Batke</small>
*''[[Senna huancabambae]]'' <small>(Harms) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna huidobriana]]'' <small>(Phil.) Zoellner & San Martin</small>
*''[[Senna huilana]]'' <small>(Britton & Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna humifusa]]'' <small>(Brenan) Lock</small>
*''[[Senna incarnata]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna insularis]]'' <small>(Britton & Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna intermedia]]'' <small>(B.D.Sharma, Vivek. & Rathakr.) V.Singh</small>
*''[[Senna italica]]'' <small>Mill.</small>
*''[[Senna itatiaiae]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna koelziana]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna kurtzii]]'' <small>(Harms) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna lactea]]'' <small>(Vatke) Du Puy</small>
*''[[Senna lasseigniana]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna latifolia]]'' <small>(G.Mey.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna leandrii]]'' <small>(Ghesq.) Du Puy</small>
*''[[Senna lechriosperma]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna leiophylla]]'' <small>(Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna leptoclada]]'' <small>(Benth.) Randell</small>
*''[[Senna ligustrina]]'' <small>(L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> – privet senna
*''[[Senna lindheimeriana]]'' <small>(Scheele) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna longiglandulosa]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna longiracemosa]]'' <small>(Vatke) Lock</small>
*''[[Senna loretensis]]'' <small>(Killip) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna lourteigiana]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna macranthera]]'' <small>(DC. ex Collad.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna macrophylla]]'' <small>(Kunth) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna magnifolia]]'' <small>(F.Muell.) Randell</small>
*''[[Senna malaspinae]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna mandonii]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna manicula]]'' <small>(Symon) Randell</small>
*''[[Senna marilandica]]'' <small>(L.) Link</small>
*''[[Senna martiana]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna mensicola]]'' <small>(H.S.Irwin & Barneby) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna meridionalis]]'' <small>(R.Vig.) Du Puy</small>
*''[[Senna mexicana]]'' <small>(Jacq.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna mollissima]]'' <small>(Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna monilifera]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna monozyx]]'' <small>(H.S.Irwin & Barneby) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna montana]]'' <small>(B.Heyne ex Roth) V.Singh</small>
*''[[Senna morongii]]'' <small>(Britton) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna mucronifera]]'' <small>(Mart. ex Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna multifoliolata]]'' <small>(Paul G.Wilson) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna multiglandulosa]]'' <small>(Jacq.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna multijuga]]'' <small>(Rich.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna mutisiana]]'' <small>(Kunth) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna nana]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna neglecta]]'' <small>(Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna nicaraguensis]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna nitida]]'' <small>(Rich.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna notabilis]]'' <small>(F.Muell.) Randell</small>
*''[[Senna nudicaulis]]'' <small>(Burkart) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna obliqua]]'' <small>(G.Don) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna oblongifolia]]'' <small>(Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna obtusifolia]]'' <small>(L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Kasingsat|Senna occidentalis]]'' <small>(L.) Link</small><ref>{{GRIN |''Senna occidentalis'' |100059 |access-date=12 December 2017}}</ref> – '''Kasingsat'''
*''[[Senna oligoclada]]'' <small>(F.Muell.) Randell</small>
*''[[Senna orcuttii]]'' <small>(Britton & Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna organensis]]'' <small>(Glaz. ex Harms) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna oxyphylla]]'' <small>(Kunth) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna pachyrrhiza]]'' <small>(L.Bravo) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna pallida]]'' <small>(Vahl) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna papillosa]]'' <small>(Britton & Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna paposana]]'' <small>(Phil.) Zoellner & San Martin</small>
*''[[Senna paradictyon]]'' <small>(Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna paraensis]]'' <small>(Ducke) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna pendula]]'' <small>(Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna pentagonia]]'' <small>(Mill.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna peralteana]]'' <small>(Kunth) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna perrieri]]'' <small>(R.Vig.) Du Puy</small>
*''[[Senna petersiana]]'' <small>(Bolle) Lock</small>
*''[[Senna phlebadenia]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna phyllodinea]]'' <small>(R.Br.) Symon</small>
*''[[Senna pilifera]]'' <small>(Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna pilocarina]]'' <small>(Symon) Randell</small>
*''[[Senna pilosior]]'' <small>(B.L.Rob.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna pinheiroi]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna pistaciifolia]]'' <small>(Kunth) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna planitiicola]]'' <small>(Domin) Randell</small>
*''[[Senna pleurocarpa]]'' <small>(F.Muell.) Randell</small><ref>{{GRIN |''Senna pleurocarpa'' |406855 |access-date=12 December 2017}}</ref>
*''[[Senna pneumatica]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna podocarpa]]'' <small>(Guill. & Perr.) Lock</small>
*''[[Senna polyantha]]'' <small>(Collad.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna polyphylla]]'' <small>(Jacq.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna praeterita]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna procumbens]]'' <small>Randell</small>
*''[[Senna pumilio]]'' <small>(A.Gray) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna punoensis]]'' <small>Lass.</small>
*''[[Senna purpusii]]'' <small>(Brandegee) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna quinquangulata]]'' <small>(Rich.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna racemosa]]'' <small>(Mill.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna reniformis]]'' <small>(G.Don) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna reticulata]]'' <small>(Willd.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna rigidicaulis]]'' <small>(Burkart ex L.Bravo) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna ripleyana]]'' <small>(H.S.Irwin & Barneby) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna rizzinii]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna robiniifolia]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna roemeriana]]'' <small>(Scheele) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna rostrata]]'' <small>(Mart.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna rugosa]]'' <small>(G.Don) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna ruiziana]]'' <small>(G.Don) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna rupununiensis]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna ruspolii]]'' <small>(Chiov.) Lock</small>
*''[[Senna saeri]]'' <small>(Pittier) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna sandwithiana]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna santanderensis]]'' <small>(Britton & Killip) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna scabriuscula]]'' <small>(Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna scandens]]'' <small>(G.Don) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Kicik-kicik|Senna septemtrionalis]]'' <small>(Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> – '''Kicik-kicik'''
*''[[Senna sericea]]'' <small>(Symon) Albr. & Symon</small>
*''[[Johar|Senna siamea]]'' <small>(Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> – '''Johar'''
*''[[Senna silvestris]]'' <small>(Vell.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna singueana]]'' <small>(Delile) Lock</small>
*''[[Senna skinneri]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna smithiana]]'' <small>(Britton & Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna sophera]]'' <small>(L.) Roxb.</small>
*''[[Senna sophora]]'' <small>Roxb.</small>
*''[[Senna sousana]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna spectabilis]]'' <small>(DC.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna spinescens]]'' <small>(Hoffmanns. ex Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna spiniflora]]'' <small>(Burkart) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna spinigera]]'' <small>(Rizzini) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna splendida]]'' <small>(Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna stenophylla]]'' <small>(Britton) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna stipulacea]]'' <small>(Aiton) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna stowardii]]'' <small>(S.Moore) Randell</small>
*''[[Senna stricta]]'' <small>(Randell) Randell</small>
*''[[Senna suarezensis]]'' <small>(Capuron) Du Puy</small>
*''[[Senna subtrijuga]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna subulata]]'' <small>(Griseb.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna sulfurea]]'' <small>(DC. ex Collad.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna surattensis]]'' <small>(Burm.f.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna symonii]]'' <small>(Randell) Randell</small>
*''[[Senna talpana]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna tapajozensis]]'' <small>(Ducke) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna tenuifolia]]'' <small>(Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna timoriensis]]'' <small>(DC.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna tocotana]]'' <small>(Rose ex Britton & Killip) Silverst.</small>
*''[[Senna tonduzii]]'' <small>(Standl.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Ketepeng kecil|Senna tora]]'' <small>(L.) Roxb.</small> – '''Ketepeng kecil'''
*''[[Senna trachypus]]'' <small>(Mart. ex Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna trianae]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna trolliiflora]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna tropica]]'' <small>(Vell.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna truncata]]'' <small>(Brenan) Lock</small>
*''[[Senna tuhovalyana]]'' <small>(Aké Assi) Lock</small>
*''[[Senna uncata]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna undulata]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna uniflora]]'' <small>(Mill.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna unijuga]]'' <small>(Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna urmenetae]]'' <small>(Phil.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna vargasii]]'' <small>(Schery) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna velutina]]'' <small>(Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna venusta]]'' <small>(F.Muell.) Randell</small>
*''[[Senna versicolor]]'' <small>(Meyen ex Vogel) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna viarum]]'' <small>(Little) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna viciifolia]]'' <small>(Benth.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna viguierella]]'' <small>(Ghesq.) Du Puy</small>
*''[[Senna villosa]]'' <small>(Mill.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna viminea]]'' <small>(L.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna weddelliana]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna williamsii]]'' <small>(Britton & Rose) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna wislizeni]]'' <small>(A.Gray) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
*''[[Senna wurdackii]]'' <small>H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>
 
== Nama lainKegunaan ==
Alexandrian Senna, Alexandrinische Senna, Casse, Cassia acutifolia, Cassia angustifolia, Cassia lanceolata, Cassia senna, Fan Xie Ye, Indian Senna, Khartoum Senna, Sen, Sena Alejandrina, Séné, Séné d'Alexandrie, Séné d'Egypte, Séne d'Inde, Séné de Tinnevelly, Senna alexandrina, Sennae Folium, Sennae Fructus, Sennosides, Tinnevelly Senna, True Senna.<ref name=":0" />
 
Beberapa spesies ''Senna'' digunakan sebagai [[tanaman hias]] dalam lanskap.
== Dosis ==
Dosis penggunaan obat senna agar tidak menimbulkan efek samping, pada orang [[dewasa]] dan [[anak-anak]] usia 12 tahun ke atas: dosis yang dianjurkan adalah 17,2 mg setiap hari. Jangan mengonsumsi lebih dari 34,4 mg per hari karena akan menyebabkan efek samping. Kemudian pada penderita konstipasi pada anak-anak: Dosis yang dianjurkan adalah 8,5 mg setiap harinya. Sedangkan untuk sembelit pada [[orang lanjut usia]]: Dosis yang dianjurkan adalah 17 mg setiap harinya dan untuk sembelit setelah kehamilan: Dosis yang dianjurkan adalah 28 mg dalam 2 dosis terbagi.<ref name=":0" />
 
Spesies ''[[Senna obtusifolia]]'' digunakan sebagai bahan pengental. Daun dan bunga ''[[Senna siamea]]'' digunakan dalam beberapa masakan di [[Asia Tenggara]], seperti masakan [[Thailand]], [[Myanmar]], dan [[Laos]]. Di Thailand dikenal sebagai ''khi-lek'' yang digunakan dalam pembuatan kari.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Teangpook C. |display-authors=etal |year=2011 |title=Production and nutrition of ''Khi Lek'' (Siamese cassia) curry from central Thailand |url=http://kasetsartjournal.ku.ac.th/kuj_files/2011/A1108161121579843.pdf |journal=Kasetsart. J. (Nat. Sci.) |volume=45 |pages=510–20}}</ref>
== Peringatan penggunaan ==
 
Tidak semua penggunaan senna disetujui oleh FDA. Senna sering dijual sebagai [[suplemen herbal]]. Tidak ada standar produksi yang diatur untuk banyak senyawa herbal dan bebrapa suplemen yang dipasarkan telah terkontaminasi dengan logam beracun atau obat lain.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Sebaiknya minta terlebih dahulu saran dan pengawasan dari dokter sebelum memberikan senna kepada anak-anak. Harap berhati-hati dalam menggunakan senna apabila sedang menderita [[kolitis ulseratif]], perdarahan pada saluran cerna, [[penyakit Crohn]], memiliki gejala-gejala [[radang usus buntu]] atau nyeri di perut. Selain itu hindari penggunaan senna untuk jangka panjang atau berlebih. Beri tahu [[dokter]] jika sedang menggunakan obat-obat lainnya, termasuk herba atau [[Suplemen makanan|suplemen]] yang dikhawatirkan menimbulkan interaksi obat tidak diinginkan. Segera hubungi dokter jika terjadi reaksi [[alergi]] atau [[overdosis]] saat menggunakan senna.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />
''[[Senna alexandrina]]'' telah digunakan sebagai pencahar, baik dalam bentuk polongnya atau sebagai teh herbal yang terbuat dari daunnya. Senna dianggap sebagai [[stimulan]] usus pada [[Plexus Auerbach]] [[usus besar]] untuk menginduksi [[kontraksi]] [[peristaltik]] dan mengurangi penyerapan air dari dalam usus besar, efek yang akan meredakan [[sembelit]].<ref name="Leung">{{cite journal |pmid=21737769 |year=2011 |last1=Leung |first1=L |title=Chronic constipation: An evidence-based review |journal=The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=436–51 |last2=Riutta |first2=T |last3=Kotecha |first3=J |last4=Rosser |first4=W |doi=10.3122/jabfm.2011.04.100272|doi-access=free}}</ref> Sirup pencahar dari buah [[ara]] mendapatkan sebagian besar efeknya ketika berinteraksi dengan ''senna''.<ref name="bottles">{{Cite web |last=Lockhart |first=Bill |last2=Schriever |first2=Beau |title=California Fig Syrup: The Company and Its Bottles |url=https://sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/CaliforniaFigSyrup.pdf |access-date=2022-01-01 |website=Society for Historical Archaeology}}</ref> Senna atau sennosida ([[Senna glikosida]]) yang diekstraksi sendiri, atau dalam kombinasi dengan [[sorbitol]] atau [[laktulosa]], telah dievaluasi dalam [[tinjauan sistematis]] dan ulasan Cochrane untuk pengobatan sembelit pada anak-anak dan orang tua. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bukti yang terbatas untuk kemanjuran,<ref>{{cite journal |pmc=3217654 |year=2010 |last1=Mueller-Lissner |first1=S. A. |title=Constipation in adults |journal=BMJ Clinical Evidence |volume=2010 |pages=0413 |last2=Wald |first2=A |pmid=21418672}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |pmid=26757467 |year=2016 |last1=Wald |first1=A |title=Constipation: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment |journal=JAMA |volume=315 |issue=2 |pages=185–91 |doi=10.1001/jama.2015.16994}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |pmc=4848256 |year=2016 |last1=Izzy |first1=M |title=Review of efficacy and safety of laxatives use in geriatrics |journal=World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=334–342 |last2=Malieckal |first2=A |last3=Little |first3=E |last4=Anand |first4=S |doi=10.4292/wjgpt.v7.i2.334 |pmid=27158549}}</ref> sedangkan yang lain menunjukkan desain penelitian terlalu lemah untuk memastikan senna memiliki utilitas sebagai pencahar.<ref name=Leung/><ref>{{cite journal |pmid=25535635 |year=2014 |title=Treatments for Constipation: A Review of Systematic Reviews |journal=Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health |author=CADTH Rapid Response Reports |series=CADTH Rapid Response Reports |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0071338/}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |pmid=27531591 |pmc=6513425 |year=2016 |last1=Gordon |first1=M |title=Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |issue=8 |pages=CD009118 |last2=MacDonald |first2=J. K. |last3=Parker |first3=C. E. |last4=Akobeng |first4=A. K. |last5=Thomas |first5=A. G. |volume=2018 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD009118.pub3}}</ref>
 
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist}}
 
[[Kategori:Senna]]
[[Kategori:Fabaceae]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Senna"