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: ''Artikel ini membahas jabatan keagamaan. Untuk penggunaan dalam IsalmIslam, lihat [[Imam (Islam)]].''
[[ImageBerkas:Clerical_clothing.jpg|thumbjmpl|300px|[[Pastor]] [[Gereja Katolik Roma]] dalam pakaian tradisional jabatannya.]]
'''Imam''' adalah orang yang diberikan wewenang untuk menyelenggarakan upacara keagamaan. Jabatan atau kedudukan mereka disebut '''imamat''', istilah yang juga dapat digunakan secara kolektif.
Sejak dahulu dan dalam masyarakat-masyarakat yang paling sederhana pun telah hadir pemimpin upacara keagamaan yang disebut imam (lihat [[shaman]] dan [[orakel]]). Dalam berbagai agama dapat ditemukan kehadiran imam, seperti dalam beberapa cabang dari agama [[Kristen]], dalam [[Shinto]]isme, [[Hinduisme]], [[Buddhisme]], dan banyak agama. Para imam biasanya dianggap mempunyai hubungan yang baik dengan [[Tuhan]] dalam agama yang bersangkutan. Umat pun biasanya menghubungi imam untuk mendapatkan nasihat dalam hal-hal rohani. Dalam agama-agama tertentu, imam adalah suatu jabatan penuh waktu, sehingga yang bersangkutan dilarang mempunyai pekerjaan atau karier lainnya. Dalam agama lainnya, kedudukan imam diwariskan dari orang tua kepada keturunannya.
<!--Priests have been known since the earliest times and in the simplest societies (see [[shaman]] and [[oracle]]). There are priests in some branches of [[Christianity]], [[Shinto]]ism, [[Buddhism]], [[Hinduism]], and many other religions, though each culture has a local denomination for the priestly office. Priests are generally regarded as having good contact with the [[deity|deities]] of the religion to which he or she ascribes, and other believers will often turn to a priest for advice on spiritual matters. In many (but not all) religions, being a priest is a full-time assignment, ruling out any other career. In some religions it is a position inherited in familial line. The term "priestess" is often used for female priests in historical and modern [[paganism]], [[neopagan]] religions such as [[Wicca]] and various reconstructionist faiths; however, in Christian churches such as those of the [[Anglican Communion]], female priests are simply called priests without regard for gender.-->
Agama-agama tertentu mengakui adanya imam perempuan, misalnya di kalangan [[agama kafir]] atau [[neopagan]] seperti [[Wicca]] dan berbagai agama rekonstruksionis.
== Dalam Yudaisme ==
== Tradisi [[Yahudi]] ==
[[ImageBerkas:Kohanim_hands_blessing_photo.jpg|rightka|thumbjmpl|Posisi tangan seorang [[Kohen]] ketika diangkat untuk memberkati jemaat Yahudi]]
Dalam [[Yudaisme]], [[Kohen|KohanKohanim]]im (bentuk tunggal: ''Kohan'' atau ''Kohen'', ({{lang-he|כהן}}) dan dari sini muncul nama keluarga ''Cohen'') adalah imam yang jabatannya turun-temurun melalui garis ayah. Keluarga-keluarga ini berasal dari suku [[suku Lewi)]]. (yangJabatan merupakantertinggi, asal-usulyaitu nama[[Imam keluargaBesar ''Levy''),Yahudi|Imam danBesar]], secara tradisional diterimadikhususkan sebagaidari keturunan Imam [[Harun bin Amram|Harun]]. Pada masa kedua [[Bait Allah|Bait Suci di Yerusalem]] (yaitu pada zaman [[Yesus]] [[Kristus]]), mereka bertanggung jawab atas persembahan dan korban sehari-hari dan khusus pada [[hari raya Yahudi]] di lingkungan baitBait suciSuci yang dikenal sebagai ''[[korbanot]]''. Sejak kehancuran [[Bait Suci Kedua]], para [[rabi]]lah yang menjadi tokoh penting di kalangan pimpinan rohani Yahudi.
<!--HoweverNamun, the role of theperanan Kohen is stillmasih extantada, althoughmeskipun muchjauh lessberkurang importantpentingnya thandibandingkan indengan Biblicalmasa timesAlkitab. InDi [[Israel]], the Kohanim [[PriestlyBerkat BlessingImamat|bless theirmemberkati congregationsjemaatnya]] onpada thehari sabbathSabat anddan festivalshari-hari raya. InDi [[JerusalemYerusalem]], theymereka givememberikan theirberkatnya blessingsetiap everyhari daysebagai asbagian partdari of the morningibadat [[JewishDoa prayersYahudi|prayerdoa]] servicepagi mereka. OutsideDi ofluar Israel, especiallykhususnya indi thedalam tradisi ortodoks [[Ashkenazi]] orthodox tradition, theymereka onlymelakukannya dohanya so in thedi [[synagoguesinagoge]]s duringdalam morningdoa prayerspagi onpada thehari-hari Jewishraya holidaysYahudi.
== Tradisi [[Gereja Katolik|Katolik]] ==
== In Christianity ==
* Ada 2 kata Yunani dalam bagian [[Perjanjian Baru]] [[Alkitab]] [[Kristen]] yang dalam [[bahasa Inggris]] diterjemahkan sebagai "[[pastor]]" atau "imam", dan dapat berarti:
# ''presbyteros (πρεσβυτερος)'', {{lang-la|presbyter}}, merupakan asal kata ''priest'' dalam bahasa Inggris, beberapa kalangan menyamakannya dengan ''elder'' atau [[penatua]], juga disebut "tua-tua" atau penilik gereja.
In the Christian context, some confusion is caused for [[English language|English]] speakers by two different [[Greek language|Greek]] words traditionally translated as ''priest''. Both occur in the [[New Testament]], which draws a distinction not always observed in English. The first, ''presbyteros (πρεσβυτερος)'', [[Latin]] ''[[presbyter]]'', is traditionally translated ''priest'' and the English word ''priest'' is indeed [[etymology|etymologically]] derived from this word; literally, it means ''elder'', and is used in neutral and non-religious contexts in Greek to refer to seniority or relative age.
# ''hiereus ('ιερευς)'', {{lang-la|sacerdos}}, mengacu kepada orang yang mempersembahkan korban, atau dalam konsep Kekristenan dapat berarti imam yang mempersembahkan korban Ekaristi ([[Perjamuan Kudus]]).
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The second, ''hiereus ('ιερευς)'', Latin ''sacerdos'', refers to priests who offer sacrifice, such as the priesthood of the Jewish Temple, or the priests of [[paganism|pagan]] gods. The New Testament [[Epistle to the Hebrews]] draws a distinction between the Jewish priesthood and that of [[Christ]]; it teaches that the sacrificial [[atonement]] made by [[Jesus]] Christ has made the Jewish priesthood redundant. Thus, for Christians, Christ himself is uniquely ''hiereus''. Catholic and Orthodox Christians, however, believe that presbyters (and bishops) share in the one priesthood of Christ and are therefore empowered to offer the one sacrifice of Jesus in the form of the [[Eucharist]] which, though Hebrews says is offered "once for all" is (because God is outside of time) the very sacrifice of the [[Christian cross|Cross]]. Through the offering of the Eucharist, the priest who presides and the congregation which is present are enabled to participate in Christ's redemptive work of the Cross, both for themselves and on behalf of all for whom they pray.
At some point after the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem (A.D. [[70]]), possibly as early as A.D. [[90]] (see The [[Didache]]), Greek-speaking Christians began using ''hiereus'' to refer, first, to [[bishop]]s and then, by extension, to the [[presbyter]]s under them, but still making a distinction between the Jewish priesthood, pagan priesthoods, and the priesthood of Christ. Thus, in [[Eastern Orthodoxy]], [[Oriental Orthodoxy]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholicism]] and [[Anglicanism]], the terms "presbyter" and "priest" are virtually interchangeable (although, technically, bishops are also priests in this sense, and are sometimes called "high priests"). Priests, like [[deacon]]s, are [[clergy]]members and can only be ordained by a bishop. In the case of the ordination of a bishop, three or more bishops are normally required to perform the [[consecration]].
=== Catholic and Orthodox ===
[[ImageBerkas:RomanCatholicPriest.jpg|thumb|250px|Roman Catholic priest [[Lieutenant Commander | LCDR]] Allen R. Kuss (USN) aboard USS ''Enterprise'']]
The most significant [[liturgy|liturgical]] acts reserved to [[Oriental Orthodoxy|Oriental Orthodox]], [[Eastern Orthodoxy|Eastern Orthodox]], and [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] priests are the administration of the [[Sacrament]]s, including the celebration of the [[mass (liturgy)|Mass]] or [[Divine Liturgy]] as well as the [[Eucharist]], and the Sacrament of Reconciliation, a rite of [[Repentance]], also called [[Confession]]. [[Baptism|Holy Baptism]] is also normally administered by a priest, as is, in the Eastern Rites, [[chrismation]], which corresponds to [[confirmation]] in the West. Additionally, priests in both East and West administer the other sacramental mysteries, including the [[anointing of the sick]] and [[marriage]]. The only sacrament which is always reserved to a bishop is that of [[ordination]]. The presence and ministry of a priest is required for a [[parish]] to function fully. This activity is known in Roman Catholicism as the [[cure of souls]].
* [[Shaman]]
* [[Wicca]]
* [[Presbyterorum Ordinis]], dekritdekret tentang imamat dari [[Konsili Vatikan II]]
* [[Penahbisan perempuan]]
* [[Ritualisme]]
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://acca.asn.au/MESS011H/101P1004.html Deskripsi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050616005318/http://acca.asn.au/MESS011H/101P1004.html |date=2005-06-16 }} masalah penyatuan kembali Katolik Roma dengan Katolik Lama sehubungan dengan penahbisan perempuan sebagai imam.
[[Kategori:Yahudi]]
[[Kategori:Kristen]]
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