Panas ekstrem Haji 2024: Perbedaan antara revisi
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Baris 7:
| time =
| timezone =
| date =
| location = [[Makkah]], [[Arab Saudi]]
| cause =
| participants = 1,8 juta
| outcome = Kematian di kalangan jamaah haji dari
| reported deaths =
| reported injuries = 2
| notes = Suhu terpanas yang dilaporkan di Makkah: 51,8°C (125,2°F)
}}
== Latar belakang ==
Haji merupakan rangkaian ibadah di Makkah, Arab Saudi yang dilakukan [[Muslim]] setidaknya sekali seumur hidup. Ibadah tahunan ini dimulai pada tanggal 7 dan berakhir pada tanggal 12 Dzulhijjah.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hajj|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/hajj|website=Britannica.com}}</ref> Dilaksanakan di negara yang berada di [[Timur Tengah]], cuaca di Arab Saudi sangat tinggi dan dapat meningkat pada bulan-bulan tertentu. Ketika waktu haji jatuh pada bulan Juli dan Agustus, suhu dapat mencapai rata-rata tertinggi 54°C. Ini dapat menyebabkan [[Gelombang panas|serangan panas]], terutama bagi jamaah yang berasal dari negara yang bersuhu lebih rendah. Masih kurangnya perlindungan di luar ruangan dan tindakan pencegahan lainnya adalah alasan utama tingginya jumlah kasus sengatan panas dan kelelahan akibat panas di kalangan jamaah haji.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ghaznawi|first=Hassan I. and Mohammad A. Ibrahim|date=1987|title=Heat Stroke and Heat Exhaustion in Pilgrims Performing the Haj (Annual Pilgrimage) in Saudi Arabia|url=https://www.annsaudimed.net/doi/full/10.5144/0256-4947.1987.323|journal=Annals of Saudi Medicine|doi=}}</ref> Ditambah, semakin meningkatnya jumlah jamaah haji setiap tahunnya menjadi tantangan yang lain.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Memish|first=Ziad A., Majid M. Alshamrani, Rana F. Kattan, Esam I. Azhar, Faissal M. Farahat, Ali M. Albarrak, et all.|date=2024|title=Reducing risks from respiratory pathogens at the 2024 Hajj|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(24)00260-3/abstract|journal=The Lancet}}</ref>
Pada haji 2024, sebelumnya pemerintah Arab Saudi telah memperkirakan akan ada peningkatan suhu dari normal. Diperkirakan jamaah akan mengalami suhu tinggi rata-rata 44°C dan dapat meningkat di siang hari. Juru bicara Kementerian Kesehatan Arab Saudi menyatakan suhu dapat “menimbulkan ancaman bagi kesehatan para jamaah”.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Obeid|first=Ghinwa|date=11 Juni 2024|title=Hajj 2024: High temperatures challenge pilgrims, tips for a safe journey|url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/saudi-arabia/2024/06/11/hajj-2024-high-temperatures-challenge-pilgrims|work=English Al Arabiya}}</ref> Sebagai upaya penanggulangan, alun-alun utama yang ada di Makkah dan Madinah telah dilengkapi dengan sistem kabut dan stasiun air portabel. Selain itu, pemerintah Saudi berjanji akan memberi alat pendingin di lantai [[Masjidilharam|Masjidil Haram]] dan tenda-tenda di sekitarnya.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Holleis|first=Jennifer and Anke Rasper|date=13 Juni 2024|title=Haji 2024: Arab Saudi Bersiap Hadapi Panas Ekstrem|url=https://www.dw.com/id/haji-2024-arab-saudi-bersiap-hadapi-panas-ekstrem/a-69349487|work=DW Indonesia}}</ref>
== Korban ==
Seorang diplomat Mesir menyatakan bahwa sejumlah besar jamaah menunaikan haji tanpa registrasi karena mereka tidak mampu membayar prosedur resmi, dan hal ini dapat memperburuk jumlah korban dan cedera di Mesir secara umum yang disebabkan oleh panas yang ekstrem. Alasannya adalah karena mereka tidak bisa mengakses fasilitas ber-AC atau tempat makan dan minum resmi, sehingga menyebabkan [[dehidrasi]] berkepanjangan, terpapar, dan rentan terhadap panas ekstrem. Diplomat tersebut juga menyatakan bahwa gelombang besar jamaah haji yang tidak terdaftar kemungkinan besar telah membanjiri fasilitas yang ada, menyebabkan kekacauan dalam distribusi makanan, air, dan layanan medis.<ref name=":0" />
Seorang jamaah melaporkan melihat para peziarah tergeletak di pinggir jalan tak bergerak, dan mencatat bahwa ambulans “tidak tahu ke mana harus berbelok”.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-17 |title=Hajj pilgrimage ends amid deadly Saudi heat spike |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240617-hajj-pilgrimage-ends-amid-deadly-saudi-heat-spike |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619034919/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240617-hajj-pilgrimage-ends-amid-deadly-saudi-heat-spike |archive-date=19 June 2024 |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+Kematian menurut negara
!Negara
!Kematian
!Ref
|-
|{{Flag|Aljazair}}
|22
|<ref>{{cite journal |access-date=2024-06-22 |author=الحدث الساخن |date=20 June 2024 |journal=YouTube |title=وفاة 22 حاج جزائري في مكة المكرمة من بين الالاف الحجاج المتوفين...اسماء الوفيات شاهدو الفيديو |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J8y5T3m-m-s |archive-date=22 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622132532/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J8y5T3m-m-s |url-status=live }}<!-- auto-translated from Arabic by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Australia}}
|1
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2024 |title=Australian dies while undertaking Hajj pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia, DFAT confirms |url=https://www.news.com.au/travel/australian-dies-while-undertaking-hajj-pilgrimage-in-saudi-arabia-dfat-confirms/news-story/8f208188949dfe955ed0ce831d10b816 |access-date=24 June 2024 |website=News.com.au |language=en }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Bangladesh}}
|35
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2024 |title= 35 Bangladeshi pilgrims die during Hajj : Report |url= https://en.somoynews.tv/news/2024-06-22/KVWLtEGM.html |access-date=22 June 2024 |website= SomoyNewsTv |language=en-us |archive-date=22 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621154226/https://www.daily-sun.com/post/753782.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Mesir}}
|672
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2024 |title=Egyptian Hajj death toll rises to 672 amid intense heat |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/06/23/world/egyptian-haj-death-toll/ |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=The JAPAN Times|language=en }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Prancis}}
|2
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=à 16h47 |first=Par Le Parisien Le 21 juin 2024 |date=2024-06-21 |title=Pèlerins décédés pendant le hajj : deux Français figurent parmi les victimes en Arabie saoudite |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/pelerins-decedes-pendant-le-hajj-deux-francais-figurent-parmi-les-victimes-en-arabie-saoudite-21-06-2024-2VM3KFCLJFDP7O7S66TMFDBLTQ.php |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=leparisien.fr |language=fr-FR}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Guinea}}
|4
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mediaguinee |date=2024-06-21 |title=Pèlerins décédés pendant le hajj 2024 : 4 Guinéens parmi les victimes ! |url=https://mediaguinee.com/2024/06/pelerins-decedes-pendant-le-hajj-2024-4-guineens-parmi-les-victimes/ |access-date=2024-06-24 |website=Mediaguinee.com |language=fr-FR}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|India}}
|98
|<ref name="bbc">{{Cite news |date=21 June 2024 |title=What's behind deaths at this year's Hajj pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c3ggj0809dqo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621165255/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c3ggj0809dqo |archive-date=21 June 2024 |access-date=21 June 2024 |website=[[BBC News]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Indonesia}}{{efn|Beberapa WNI dipastikan meninggal akibat kepanasan. Namun ratusan lainnya meninggal karena kondisi kronis dan panas merupakan "faktor penyebabnya".}}
|234
|<ref>{{cite journal |access-date=22 June 2024 |author=Pikiran Rakyat |date=21 June 2024 |journal=YouTube |title=1.081 Jemaah Haji 2024 Meninggal Dunia, dari Indonesia Capai Angka 213 Jiwa |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_vV4PXej_js |archive-date=21 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621143801/https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=kQm4BTssQN7yOTo-&v=_vV4PXej_js&feature=youtu.be |url-status=live }}<!-- auto-translated from Arabic by Module:CS1 translator --></ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jamil |first=Fasfah S. |date=2024-06-24 |title=[Update Haji 2024] Jemaah Haji Indonesia yang Wafat di Tanah Suci Capai 234 Orang |url=https://ikhbar.com/berita/update-haji-2024-jemaah-haji-indonesia-yang-wafat-di-tanah-suci-capai-234-orang/ |access-date=2024-06-24 |website=Mengabarkan Kebaikan |language=id}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Iran}}
|37
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2024 |title=Death Toll From Iranian Pilgrims at Hajj Rises to 11 |url=https://www.iranintl.com/en/202406183688 |access-date=19 June 2024 |website=Iran International |language=en |url-status=live |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618122805/https://www.iranintl.com/en/202406183688 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-22 |title=تعداد زائران ایرانی فوتشده در عربستان به ۱۷ نفر افزایش یافت |url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/articles/cm554ee4307o |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=BBC News فارسی |language=fa}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Irak}}
|19
|<ref>[https://www.kurdistan24.net/en/story/35467-Over-1,000-pilgrims-die-during-Hajj;-19-are-from-Kurdistan-Region#:~:text=However%2C%20the%20Kurdistan%20Regional%20Government,during%20this%20year's%20Hajj%20season. Over 1,000 pilgrims die during Hajj; 19 are from Kurdistan Region] ''Kurdistan 24 (K24) 20 June 2024''</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Yordania}}
|99
|<ref>{{Cite news |last= |date=24 June 2024 |title=Number of Jordanians who die of heat exhaustion during Hajj reaches 99 |url=https://jordantimes.com/news/local/%E2%80%98number-jordanians-who-die-heat-exhaustion-during-hajj-reaches-99%E2%80%99 |access-date=24June 2024 |work=The Jordan TImes |language=en|issn= |archive-date=24 June 2024 |archive-url=}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Libya}}
|8
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2024 |title=Libyan Pilgrim Death Toll Rises to 6 |url=https://libyareview.com/45243/libyan-pilgrim-death-toll-rises-to-6/ |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=libyareview |language=en |url-status=live |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618124021/https://libyareview.com/45243/libyan-pilgrim-death-toll-rises-to-6/ }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://alwasat.ly/news/libya/442703|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621202910/https://alwasat.ly/news/libya/442703|url-status=dead|title=البعثة الليبية: وفاة 8 حجاج و5 حالات في العناية المركزة|archivedate=21 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Malaysia}}{{efn|name=chronic|Dilaporkan bahwa mayoritas meninggal karena kondisi kronis. Belum diketahui apakah panas mempengaruhi kematian mereka.}}
|14
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2024 |title=Six Malaysians pilgrims died after wukuf |url=https://www.sinardaily.my/article/218990/focus/national/six-malaysians-pilgrims-died-after-wukuf |access-date=19 June 2024 |website=Sinar Daily |language=en |url-status=live |archive-date=20 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620024759/https://www.sinardaily.my/article/218990/focus/national/six-malaysians-pilgrims-died-after-wukuf }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Maroko}}{{efn|name=chronic}}
|20
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2024 |title=Latest Update: More than 900 pilgrims die in heat wave, including 17 Moroccans; search for missing persons underway |url=https://fesnews.media/282953/2024/06/19/ |access-date=19 June 2024 |website=Iran International |language=en |archive-date=22 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622132457/https://fesnews.media/282953/2024/06/19/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Belanda}}
|1
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2024 |title=Nederlander omgekomen bij jaarlijkse bedevaart naar Mekka |trans-title=Dutchwoman died during annual pilgrimage to Mecca |url=https://nos.nl/artikel/2525246-nederlander-omgekomen-bij-jaarlijkse-bedevaart-naar-mekka |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240621095219/https://nos.nl/artikel/2525246-nederlander-omgekomen-bij-jaarlijkse-bedevaart-naar-mekka |archive-date=19 June 2024 |access-date=19 June 2024 |website=[[Nederlandse Omroep Stichting|NOS]] |language=nl}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Nigeria}}
|14{{efn|Sebanyak 15 warga Nigeria meninggal selama ibadah haji. Satu orang bunuh diri, jadi tidak termasuk di sana. Hanya satu yang dipastikan meninggal langsung karena panas. Penyebab kematian lainnya tidak diketahui.}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/2024-hajj-15-nigerian-pilgrims-die-17-suffer-heatstroke-in-saudi-arabia/|title=2024 Hajj: 15 Nigerian pilgrims die, 17 suffer heatstroke in Saudi Arabia|work=Guardian Nigeria|date=20 June 2024|access-date=20 June 2024|archive-date=22 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622132456/https://guardian.ng/2024-hajj-15-nigerian-pilgrims-die-17-suffer-heatstroke-in-saudi-arabia/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2024 |title=Hajj 2024: Nigerian pilgrim dies of excessive heat in Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.thecable.ng/hajj-2024-nigerian-pilgrim-dies-of-excessive-heat-in-saudi-arabia/amp/ |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=The Cable |language=en |url-status=live |archive-date=18 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618183815/https://www.thecable.ng/hajj-2024-nigerian-pilgrim-dies-of-excessive-heat-in-saudi-arabia/amp/ }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Pakistan}}
|58
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2024 |title=Hajj pilgrim deaths surge past 1,000 as Saudi Arabia faces extreme temperatures |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/hajj-pilgrim-deaths-saudi-arabia-b2565768.html |website=Independent |language=en |archive-date=22 June 2024 |access-date=20 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622132454/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/hajj-deaths-2024-pilgrims-mecca-saudi-arabia-b2566404.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Filipina}}
|1
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2024 |title=Filipina hajj pilgrim among over 1,000 dead from heat stroke|url=https://manilastandard.net/news/314462664/filipina-hajj-pilgrim-among-over-1000-dead-from-heat-stroke.html |access-date=22 June 2024 |website=Manila Standard |language=en }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Rusia}}{{efn|Lima kematian warga Rusia terjadi "karena penyebab alami yang berkaitan dengan kesehatan dan usia". Tidak diketahui apakah panas mempunyai peranan.}}
|5
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2024 |title=Four Russian pilgrims die in Saudi Arabia during Hajj |url=https://tass.com/society/1805397 |access-date=19 June 2024 |website=TASS |language=en |url-status=live |archive-date=19 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619154737/https://tass.com/society/1805397 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2024 |title=Over 1,000 pilgrims die during Hajj in Saudi Arabia — news agency |url=https://tass.com/world/1805829 |access-date=20 June 2024 |website=TASS |language=en |archive-date=21 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621031735/https://tass.com/world/1805829 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Senegal}}
|3
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2024 |title=A Deadly Toll as an Intense Heat Grips Saudi Arabia |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/19/world/europe/hajj-deaths-mecca-heat.html#:~:text=Three%20pilgrims%20from%20Senegal%20also,citing%20a%20cause%20of%20death. |access-date=19 June 2024 |website=The New York Times |language=en |url-status=live |archive-date=19 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619152842/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/19/world/europe/hajj-deaths-mecca-heat.html#:~:text=Three%20pilgrims%20from%20Senegal%20also,citing%20a%20cause%20of%20death. }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Somalia}}
|6
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2024 |title=Somali Government Announces Six Pilgrims Died During Hajj Amid Extreme Heat |url=https://mustaqbalmedia.net/en/somali-government-announces-six-pilgrims-died-during-hajj-amid-extreme-heat/|website=Mustaqbal Media |language=en }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Suriah}}
|5
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=21-06-2024 |title=سوريا تعلن وفاة 5 من مواطنيها ضمن حجاج هذا العام |url=https://www.elbalad.news/6236830 |access-date=24-06-2024}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Tajikistan}}
|3
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Three citizens of Tajikistan die during Hajj in Saudi Arabia |url=https://akipress.com/news:780797:Three_citizens_of_Tajikistan_die_during_Hajj_in_Saudi_Arabia/ |access-date=2024-06-24 |website=akipress.com}}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Tunisia}}
|49
|<ref>{{Cite news |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=21 June 2024 |title=Tunisia sacks religious affairs minister amid Hajj casualties |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/north-africa/2024/06/21/tunisia-sacks-religious-affairs-minister-amid-hajj-casualties |access-date=19 June 2024 |work=Al arabiya |language=en |issn= |archive-date=21 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621173406/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/north-africa/2024/06/21/tunisia-sacks-religious-affairs-minister-amid-hajj-casualties |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Turki}}
|23
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 June 2024 |title=Mekke'de aşırı sıcaklarda 1000'i aşkın hacı adayı hayatını kaybetti |url=https://tr.euronews.com/2024/06/19/mekkede-asiri-sicaklardan-577-haci-adayi-hayatini-kaybetti |access-date=22 June 2024 |website=Euronews |language=tr |archive-date=20 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620014843/https://tr.euronews.com/2024/06/19/mekkede-asiri-sicaklardan-577-haci-adayi-hayatini-kaybetti |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|{{Flag|Amerika Serikat}}
|2
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/hajj-heat-deaths-mecca-saudi-arabia-pilgrimage-9f97aae1032b14ada29bbea7108195d3|title=Over 1,000 pilgrims died during this year's Hajj pilgrimage in Saudi Arabia, officials say|work=Associated Press|date=June 23, 2024}}</ref>
|}
== Catatan ==
{{Notelist}}
== Referensi ==
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