Tembok Trump: Perbedaan antara revisi
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
Tidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
kTidak ada ringkasan suntingan |
||
| (1 revisi perantara oleh pengguna yang sama tidak ditampilkan) | |||
Baris 1:
[[Berkas:Trump and border wall detail, from- President Trump Travels to Arizona (50041201182) (cropped).jpg|jmpl|Presiden [[Donald Trump]] melakukan inspeksi terhadap tembok pembatasan di [[Yuma, Arizona]], Juni 2020]]
'''
Konstruksi tembok sempat dihentikan saat Presiden [[Joe Biden]] mulai menjabat pada tahun 2021,<ref name="Miroff">{{Cite news|last1=Miroff|first1=Nick|last2=Hernández|first2=Arelis R.|date=January 20, 2021|title=Biden orders a 'pause' on border wall construction, bringing crews to halt|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/biden-border-wall-executive-order/2021/01/20/5f472456-5b32-11eb-aaad-93988621dd28_story.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212192409/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/biden-border-wall-executive-order/2021/01/20/5f472456-5b32-11eb-aaad-93988621dd28_story.html|archive-date=February 12, 2021|access-date=February 12, 2021|url-status=live|url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="Alvarez 1">{{Cite web|last=Alvarez|first=Priscilla|date=January 20, 2021|title=Biden starts fast on immigration by halting border wall and travel ban|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/20/politics/immigration-daca-border-wall-biden-agenda/|website=CNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209164142/https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/20/politics/immigration-daca-border-wall-biden-agenda/|archive-date=February 9, 2021|access-date=February 7, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Beitsch">{{Cite web|last=Beitsch|first=Rebecca|date=February 11, 2021|title=Biden terminates Trump emergency order used to construct border wall|url=https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/538406-biden-terminates-trump-emergency-order-used-to-construct-border-wall|website=The Hill|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211153800/https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/538406-biden-terminates-trump-emergency-order-used-to-construct-border-wall|archive-date=February 11, 2021|access-date=February 11, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> tetapi [[Menteri Keamanan Dalam Negeri Amerika Serikat]] [[Alejandro Mayorkas]] memberi indikasi bahwa ada kemungkinan konstruksi tembok perbatasan ini akan dilanjutkan.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kumar|first=Anita|date=April 15, 2021|title=Biden promised to stop seizing border wall land. His DOJ is still doing it.|url=https://www.politico.com/news/2021/04/15/biden-doj-border-wall-land-482189|website=Politico|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702204550/https://www.politico.com/news/2021/04/15/biden-doj-border-wall-land-482189|archive-date=July 2, 2021|access-date=June 29, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Graziosi|first=Graig|date=April 6, 2021|title=Construction of Trump's border wall may continue under Biden, administration admits|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/dhs-alejandro-mayorkas-border-wall-b1827535.html|website=The Independent|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406225911/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/dhs-alejandro-mayorkas-border-wall-b1827535.html|archive-date=April 6, 2021|access-date=April 7, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada bulan April 2021, pemerintahan Biden membatalkan semua proyek tembok perbatasan yang dibayar dengan dana yang dialihkan dari rekening [[Departemen Pertahanan Amerika Serikat|Departemen Pertahanan AS]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Miroff|first=Nick|date=2021-04-30|title=Biden cancels border wall projects Trump paid for with diverted military funds|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/border-wall-cancelled/2021/04/30/98575af0-a9ec-11eb-b166-174b63ea6007_story.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410113505/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/border-wall-cancelled/2021/04/30/98575af0-a9ec-11eb-b166-174b63ea6007_story.html|archive-date=April 10, 2022|access-date=2022-05-05|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada bulan Oktober 2021, beberapa kontrak pembangunan tembok perbatasan telah dibatalkan dan, dalam beberapa kasus, tanah yang diperoleh pemerintah dari pemilik properti swasta melalui domain terkemuka dikembalikan kepada pemiliknya.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Alvarez|first=Priscilla|date=2021-10-08|title=Biden administration canceling more border wall contracts|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/08/politics/border-wall-contacts-canceled-biden-administration/index.html|website=CNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505000820/https://www.cnn.com/2021/10/08/politics/border-wall-contacts-canceled-biden-administration/index.html|archive-date=May 5, 2022|access-date=2022-05-05|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada tanggal 28 Juli 2022, pemerintahan Biden mengumumkan akan mengisi empat celah lebar di Arizona dekat [[Yuma, Arizona|Yuma]], sebuah wilayah dengan beberapa koridor tersibuk untuk penyeberangan ilegal.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Snow|first=Anita|date=2022-07-28|title=US to fill border wall gaps at open area near Yuma, Arizona|url=https://apnews.com/article/mexico-arizona-colorado-river-dams-yuma-705ac42dca8af0288514e9dd723d392c|publisher=Associated Press|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808203037/https://apnews.com/article/mexico-arizona-colorado-river-dams-yuma-705ac42dca8af0288514e9dd723d392c|archive-date=August 8, 2022|access-date=2022-08-04|url-status=live}}</ref>
'''
== Latar belakang ==
[[Penghalang Amerika Serikat–Meksiko|Penghalang Meksiko–Amerika Serikat]] adalah serangkaian penghalang vertikal di sepanjang [[Perbatasan Amerika Serikat–Meksiko|perbatasan Meksiko–Amerika Serikat]] yang bertujuan untuk mencegah penyeberangan ilegal dari Meksiko ke Amerika Serikat.<ref>{{cite book|last=Garcia|first=Michael John|date=November 18, 2016|url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/R43975.pdf|title=Barriers Along the U.S. Borders: Key Authorities and Requirements|location=Washington, DC|publisher=Congressional Research Service|access-date=December 9, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161126075615/https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/R43975.pdf|archive-date=November 26, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Penghalang tersebut bukanlah suatu struktur yang berdekatan, melainkan serangkaian penghalang fisik yang terputus-putus dan diklasifikasikan sebagai "pagar" atau "dinding".
Baris 14 ⟶ 15:
=== Domestik ===
'''
[[Perintah Eksekutif 13767]] mendapat "kecaman keras" dari beberapa organisasi hak-hak sipil dan kelompok advokasi imigran, yang menggambarkan perintah tersebut sebagai "tidak berperikemanusiaan, kontraproduktif dan mahal serta mengatakan bahwa kebijakan baru tersebut akan menimbulkan kekhawatiran konstitusional sekaligus merusak tradisi Amerika dalam menyambut orang-orang dari seluruh dunia".<ref name="TrumpOrdersNYT">{{Cite news|last=Davis|first=Julie Hirschfeld|date=January 25, 2017|title=Trump Orders Mexican Border Wall to Be Built and Plans to Block Syrian Refugees|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/25/us/politics/refugees-immigrants-wall-trump.html|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404230021/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/25/us/politics/refugees-immigrants-wall-trump.html|archive-date=April 4, 2017|access-date=April 5, 2017|url-access=limited|url-status=live}}</ref> Beberapa tokoh agama juga sangat kritis terhadap usulan tembok perbatasan.<ref name="TrumpOrdersNYT" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Winston|first=Kimberly|date=January 25, 2017|title=Refugee ban, border wall: Religious leaders respond|url=https://religionnews.com/2017/01/25/refugee-ban-border-wall-religious-leaders-respond/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420163632/https://religionnews.com/2017/01/25/refugee-ban-border-wall-religious-leaders-respond/|archive-date=April 20, 2020|access-date=April 5, 2017|website=Religion News Service|url-status=live}}</ref> Ratusan warga berkumpul di [[Washington Square Park]] di New York City untuk memprotes perintah eksekutif tersebut.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Marino|first1=Joe|last2=Perez|first2=Chris|date=January 26, 2017|title=Hundreds gather for 'emergency' anti-Trump protest|url=https://nypost.com/2017/01/25/hundreds-gather-for-emergency-anti-trump-protest/|newspaper=New York Post|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420133837/https://nypost.com/2017/01/25/hundreds-gather-for-emergency-anti-trump-protest/|archive-date=April 20, 2020|access-date=April 5, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
'''
Di [[Kongres Amerika Serikat|Kongres AS]], kebijakan ini dipuji oleh beberapa politisi [[Partai Republik (Amerika Serikat)|Republikan]], seperti anggota DPR AS [[Lamar S. Smith]] dari [[San Antonio, Texas]] yang menyatakan apresiasinya untuk "menghormati komitmennya terhadap imigrasi",<ref name="expressnews">{{Cite news|last1=Buch|first1=Jason|last2=Nelsen|first2=Aaron|date=January 26, 2017|title=Trump orders 'immediate' construction of border wall|url=https://www.expressnews.com/news/local/article/Trump-orders-immediate-construction-of-10884419.php|work=San Antonio Express-News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402042917/https://www.expressnews.com/news/local/article/Trump-orders-immediate-construction-of-10884419.php|archive-date=April 2, 2019|access-date=April 2, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> dan Senator [[Ron Johnson]] dari [[Wisconsin]] yang menyatakan bahwa tembok tersebut bisa mencegah imigrasi ilegal dan menyamakannya dengan [[perbatasan Mesir-Israel]]. Anggota Kongres lainnya dari distrik dekat perbatasan juga bersikap kritis, seperti [[Will Hurd]] (Republik, San Antonio), [[Henry Cuellar]] (Demokrat, Laredo), dan [[Joaquin Castro]] (Demokrat, San Antonio). Hurd mengkritik perintah tersebut sebagai "cara yang paling mahal dan paling tidak efektif untuk mengamankan perbatasan" sementara Castro menganggap tembok itu sebagai "strategi yang malas dan tidak efektif".<ref name="expressnews" /> Senator [[Claire McCaskill]] (D-[[Missouri|MO]]) saat itu mengatakan dalam sidang bahwa meskipun dia yakin Amerika menginginkan perbatasan yang aman, dia “belum bertemu siapa pun [yang] mengatakan cara paling efektif adalah membangun tembok di seluruh perbatasan selatan kita. Satu-satunya orang yang terus membicarakan hal itu adalah Presiden Trump."<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|date=April 4, 2017|title=In debate over how to protect Southwest border, no one size fits all solution|url=https://homelandprepnews.com/featured/21865-debate-protect-southwest-border-no-one-size-fits-solution/|work=Homeland Preparedness News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608205539/https://homelandprepnews.com/featured/21865-debate-protect-southwest-border-no-one-size-fits-solution/|archive-date=June 8, 2017|access-date=April 21, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
==== "Build the Wall" ====
'''
"Build the Wall" (Bangun Temboknya) adalah sebuah [[slogan politik]] yang muncul dari kampanye presiden Trump tahun 2015-2016. Slogan ini memilik berbagai variasi seperti "Build a Wall" (Bangun Sebuah Tembok) atau "Build that Wall" (Bangun Tembok Itu!). Hal ini telah menginspirasi sejumlah slogan tandingan di kalangan pengunjuk rasa kebijakan Trump, serta parodi dalam budaya populer, termasuk meme. Slogan tersebut bukanlah slogan kampanye resminya, yaitu "[[Make America Great Again]]".
Ide tembok tersebut menjadi cukup populer di kalangan pendukung Trump sehingga teriakan “Bangun Tembok” menjadi hal yang umum di acara kampanye Trump.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Johnson|first=Jenna|date=February 12, 2016|title='Build that wall' has taken on a life of its own at Donald Trump's rallies – but he's still serious|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/02/12/build-that-wall-has-taken-on-a-life-of-its-own-at-donald-trumps-rallies-but-hes-still-serious/|newspaper=The Washington Post|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402015150/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/02/12/build-that-wall-has-taken-on-a-life-of-its-own-at-donald-trumps-rallies-but-hes-still-serious/|archive-date=April 2, 2019|url-status=live|url-access=limited}}</ref> Setelah Trump memenangkan [[Pemilihan umum Presiden Amerika Serikat 2016|pemilu tahun 2016]], muncul laporan bahwa nyanyian tersebut digunakan oleh beberapa anak untuk [[Perundungan|menindas]] teman sekelas mereka yang keturunan [[Hispanik dan Latino Amerika Serikat|Latin]] dan bahwa lokasi insiden ini setidaknya berkorelasi dengan wilayah di mana Trump memperoleh lebih banyak suara.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Larimer|first=Sarah|date=November 10, 2016|title=Middle schoolers chant 'build the wall' during lunch in aftermath of Trump win|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/education/wp/2016/11/10/middle-schoolers-chant-build-that-wall-during-lunch-in-aftermath-of-trump-win/|newspaper=The Washington Post|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107072532/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/education/wp/2016/11/10/middle-schoolers-chant-build-that-wall-during-lunch-in-aftermath-of-trump-win/|archive-date=January 7, 2019|url-status=live|url-access=limited}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Goldberg|first=Michelle|date=January 11, 2019|title=Is the president making middle school worse?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/11/opinion/trump-bullying-virginia.html|department=Opinion|work=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207073952/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/11/opinion/trump-bullying-virginia.html|archive-date=February 7, 2019|access-date=February 7, 2019|url-access=limited|url-status=live}}</ref>
'''
=== Reaksi Internasional ===
==== Hubungan Amerika Serikat[[Perbatasan Amerika Serikat–Meksiko|–]]Meksiko ====
{{see also|Hubungan Amerika Serikat dengan Meksiko}}'''
{{see also|Hubungan Amerika Serikat dengan Meksiko}}Perintah eksekutif yang mengagas pembangunan tembok memburukan [[Hubungan Amerika Serikat dengan Meksiko|hubungan antara AS dan Meksiko]]. Presiden Meksiko [[Enrique Peña Nieto]] berbicara kepada warga Meksiko melalui rekaman pesan, di mana ia mengutuk perintah eksekutif Trump dan sekali lagi mengatakan Meksiko tidak akan membiayai pembangunan tembok tersebut. Menyusul perseteruan Twitter antara kedua pemimpin di mana Trump mengancam akan membatalkan rencana pertemuan dengan Nieto di Washington, Nieto memutuskan untuk membatalkan pertemuan itu sendiri.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ahmed|first=Azam|date=January 26, 2017|title=In a Corner, President Enrique Peña Nieto of Mexico Punches Back|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/26/world/americas/mexico-pena-nieto-donald-trump.html|newspaper=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200420131941/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/26/world/americas/mexico-pena-nieto-donald-trump.html|archive-date=April 20, 2020|access-date=May 6, 2020|url-access=limited|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Nieto2">{{cite news|date=January 26, 2017|title=Mexican President Peña Nieto cancels trip to Washington|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/nation-world/ct-trump-nieto-meeting-20170126-story.html|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111180618/https://www.chicagotribune.com/nation-world/ct-trump-nieto-meeting-20170126-story.html|archive-date=November 11, 2020|access-date=March 30, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>▼
▲
Pemimpin oposisi Meksiko [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]] saat melakukan orasi di depan pendukungnya menyatakan bahwa kebijakan tersebut adalah sebuah penistaan terhadap Meksiko dan meminta pemerintah Meksiko untuk menuntut pemerintah AS di [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]].<ref>{{cite news|date=January 26, 2017|title=Calls for Trump to face UN lawsuit over Mexico border wall|url=https://www.euronews.com/2017/01/26/calls-for-trump-to-face-un-lawsuit-over-mexico-border-wall|work=Euronews|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402044259/https://www.euronews.com/2017/01/26/calls-for-trump-to-face-un-lawsuit-over-mexico-border-wall|archive-date=April 2, 2019|access-date=March 30, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
'''
==== Reaksi Internasional lainnya ====
'''
Perdana Menteri Israel [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] memuji kebijakan ini dan menyatakan bahwa kebijakan ini adalah sebuah "sukses besar, ide yang hebat". Netanyahu mendeklarasikan bahwa kebijakan Trump sudah tepat dan menyamakan proposal tembok Trump dengan [[Tembok Pemisah Israel|tembok pemisah Israel]].<ref name="MexIsr">{{cite web|last=Booth|first=William|date=January 29, 2017|title=Israel's Netanyahu applauds Trump's plan for wall; Mexico not pleased|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/01/29/israels-netanyahu-applauds-trumps-plan-for-wall-mexico-not-pleased/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190118093012/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/01/29/israels-netanyahu-applauds-trumps-plan-for-wall-mexico-not-pleased/|archive-date=January 18, 2019|access-date=January 27, 2019|newspaper=The Washington Post|url-access=limited|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Jones|first=Rory|date=January 29, 2017|title=Israel PM Netanyahu Praises Trump's Plan for Mexico Border Wall|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/israel-pm-netanyahu-praises-trumps-plan-for-mexico-border-wall-1485634834|work=The Wall Street Journal|issn=0099-9660|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103004929/https://www.wsj.com/articles/israel-pm-netanyahu-praises-trumps-plan-for-mexico-border-wall-1485634834|archive-date=January 3, 2019|access-date=January 27, 2019|url-access=subscription|url-status=live}}</ref> Setelah protes di Meksiko, kantor Perdana Menteri mengeluarkan pernyataan yang mengatakan bahwa "[dia] membahas keadaan unik Israel dan pengalaman penting yang kami miliki dan yang ingin kami bagikan dengan negara lain. Tidak ada upaya untuk menyuarakan pendapat mengenai AS– hubungan dengan Meksiko."<ref name="MexIsr" /><ref>{{Cite news|author=<!--staff-->|date=January 29, 2017|title=Facing Mexico's fury, Israel backtracks on Trump border wall praise|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/facing-mexican-fury-israel-backtracks-on-trump-border-wall-praise/|work=The Times of Israel|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191119120332/https://www.timesofisrael.com/facing-mexican-fury-israel-backtracks-on-trump-border-wall-praise/|archive-date=November 19, 2019|access-date=October 27, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
'''
== Lihat pula ==
'''
* [[Tembok Besar Tiongkok]]
* [[Tembok Berlin]]
Baris 44 ⟶ 58:
* [[Pernyataan yang salah atau menyesatkan oleh Donald Trump]]
* [[Operasi Intercept]]
'''
== Referensi ==
Baris 55 ⟶ 69:
{{Donald Trump}}
[[Kategori:Perbatasan Amerika Serikat–Meksiko]]'''
| |||