Maksimilianus Kolbe: Perbedaan antara revisi

{{Infobox Saint

|birth_date=[[7 Januari]] atau [[8 Januari]] [[1894]]

|death_date={{death date|1941|8|14|mf=y}}

|feast_day=[[14 Agustus]]

|venerated_in=[[Gereja Katolik Roma]], [[Gereja Lutheran]]

|imagesize=200px

|caption=Sebuah kartu doa, memperlihatkan rupa Santo Kolbe.

|canonized_by=[[Paus Yohanes Paulus II]]

|attributes=

|major_shrine=Basilica of the Immaculate Mediatrix of Grace, [[Niepokalanów]], Polandia

|suppressed_date=

|prayer_attrib=[http://www.viarosa.com/VR/StMaximilian/Kolbe.html From the ''Chaplet for the Intercession of St. Maximilian Kolbe'']

}}

 

 

== Biografi ==

Kolbe, anak dari seorang keluarga Polandia yang memiliki sebagian darah Jerman, dilahirkan pada [[1894]] di [[Zduńska Wola]], yang pada waktu itu bagian dari [[Kekaisaran Rusia]], anak kedua dari Juliusz Kolbe dan Mariann Kolbe. Orang tuanya pindah ke [[Pabianice]], di mana mereka bekerja sebagai [[penjahit]], kemudian menjalankan [[toko buku]]. Kemudian, pada [[1914]], ayahnya bergabung dengan [[Polish Legion pada Perang Dunia I|Polish Legion]] milik [[Józef Piłsudski]] dan ditangkap oleh Rusia karena berjuang untuk kemerdekaan sebagian Polandia.

 

 

 

<!--In [[1912]], he was sent to [[Kraków]], and, in the same year, to [[Rome]], where he studied [[philosophy]], [[theology]], [[mathematics]], and [[physics]]. He took a great interest in astrophysics and the prospect of space flight. While in Rome he designed{{Fact|date=July 2007}} an airplane-like spacecraft, similar in concept to the eventual [[space shuttle]], and attempted to patent it. He earned a [[doctorate]] in philosophy in [[1915]] at the [[Pontifical Gregorian University]], and the doctorate in theology in [[1919]] at the Pontifical University of St. [[Bonaventure]]. During his time as a student, he witnessed vehement demonstrations against [[Pope Pius X|Popes St. Pius X]] and [[Benedict XV]] by the [[Freemasons]] in Rome and was inspired to organize the [[Militia Immaculata]], or Army of Mary, to work for conversion of sinners and the enemies of the Catholic Church through the intercession of the Virgin Mary. In [[1918]], he was [[Holy Orders|ordain]]ed a [[priest]]. In the conservative publications of the ''Militia Immaculatae'', he particularly condemned [[Freemasonry]], [[Communism]], [[Zionism]], [[Capitalism]] and [[Imperialism]].

In [[1919]], he returned to the [[Second Polish Republic|newly independent Poland]], where he was very active in promoting the veneration of the [[Immaculate Conception|Immaculate]] [[Blessed Virgin Mary|Virgin Mary]], founding and supervising the monastery of [[Niepokalanów]] near [[Warsaw]], a seminary, a [[radio station]], and several other organizations and publications. Between [[1930]] and [[1936]], he took a series of [[mission (Christian)|mission]]s to [[Japan]], where he founded a monastery at the outskirts of [[Nagasaki]], a Japanese paper, and a seminary. The monastery he founded remains prominent in the Roman Catholic Church in Japan. Kolbe decided to build the monastery on a mountain side that, according to Shinto beliefs, was not the side best suited to be in tune with nature. When the [[atomic bomb]] struck Nagasaki, Kolbe's monastery was saved because the blast of the bomb hit the side of the mountain that the monastery was not located on, the said side took the main blow of the blast. Had Kolbe built the monastery on the side of mountain he was advised to choose, his work and all of his fellow monks would have been destroyed.

-->

== Kolbe di Auschwitz ==

Pada [[Perang Dunia II]], dalam biara, Kolbe memberikan perlindungan bagi pengungsi dari [[Polandia]], termasuk 2000 orang [[Yahudi]]. Dia juga aktif di radio amatir dan menjelekkan aktivitas [[Nazi]] dalam laporannya.

Pada saat dikurung di tahanan, dia memimpin orang lainnya dalam nyanyian dan doa. Setelah tiga minggu [[dehidrasi]] dan kelaparan, hanya Kolbe dan tiga orang lainnya masih hidup. Akhirnya dia dihukum dengan suntikan [[phenol|asam karbolik]].

 

 

 

== Lihat pula ==

 

{{reflist}}

* [http://www.mmcp.qld.edu.au Kolbe], Mt Maria College

* Rees, Laurence. ''Auschwitz: A New History'', Public Affairs, 2005. ISBN 1-58648-357-9

 

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