Ustaše: Perbedaan antara revisi

| name = {{nowrap|Ustaša – Gerakan Revolusioner Kroasia}}

| native_name = {{nobold|Ustaša – Hrvatski revolucionarni pokret}}

| logo colorcode = [[Berkas:Ustase symbol.svg|100px]]#2e2a66

| paramilitary_wing wing1 = Milisi Ustaše (UV)

| youth_wingwing2_title = =Sayap Pemuda Ustaše (UM)

| ideology = [[Fasisme]]<ref name="DKUS" />

'''Ustaša – Gerakan Revolusioner Kroasia''' ({{lang-hr|Ustaša – Hrvatski revolucionarni pokret}}) adalah organisasi fasis<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/620426/Ustasa |title=Ustasa (Croatian political movement) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia |publisher=Britannica.com |date= |accessdate=3 September 2012}}</ref> dan teroris [[Kroasia]] yang aktif sebelum dan selama [[Perang Dunia II]]. Anggotanya, yaitu '''Ustaše''' ({{IPA-hr|ûstaʃe|pron}}), bertanggung jawab atas kematian ratusan ribu penduduk Yugoslavia, terutama yang berkebangsaan [[bangsa Serbia|Serbia]].<ref>Ladislaus Hory und Martin Broszat: Der kroatische Ustascha-Staat, Deutsche Verlag-Anstalt, Stuttgart, 2. Auflage 1965, pp. 19–27</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/1673249.stm|title=Croatian holocaust still stirs controversy|publisher=BBC News|author=|date=29 November 2001|accessdate=29 September 2010}}</ref><ref name="bbc">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4479837.stm|title=Balkan 'Auschwitz' haunts Croatia |publisher=BBC News|author=|date=25 April 2005|accessdate=29 September 2010|quote=No one really knows how many died here. Serbs talk of 700,000. Most estimates put the figure nearer 100,000.}}</ref> Ideologi gerakan ini merupakan campuran [[fasisme]]<ref name="DKUS">Der kroatische Ustascha-Staat, Ante Pavelic und Ustascha Bewegung chapter, pp. 13–38</ref> dengan [[ultrakonservatisme]]. Ustaše mendukung pendirian negara [[Kroasia Raya]] yang terbentang hingga Sungai [[Drina]] dan perbatasan [[Belgrade]].<ref>Viktor Meier. Yugoslavia: a history of its demise. English edition. London, England, UK: Routledge, 1999 hal. 125.</ref> Gerakan ini menekankan pentingnya "kemurnian" ras Kroasia dan mendukung penganiayaan dan [[genosida]] [[bangsa Serbia|orang Serbia]], [[Yahudi]]{{sfn|Tomasevich|2001|pp=351–352}} dan [[orang Rom|Rom]].{{sfn|Fischer|2007|pp=207}} Ustaše sangat nasionalistik dan juga fanatik terhadap agama [[Katolik]]. Dalam konteks politik Yugoslavia, mereka mengidentifikasikan Katolik dengan nasionalisme Kroasia.<ref name="Lonely Cold War">Peter C. Kent, ''The lonely Cold War of Pope Pius XII: the Roman Catholic Church and the division of Europe, 1943–1950'', McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP, 2002 p.46 ISBN 978-0-7735-2326-5<br />"''Fiercely nationalistic, the Ustaše were also fanatically Catholic. In the Yugoslav political context, they identified Catholicism with Croatian nationalism...''"</ref> Berdasarkan [[nasionalisme Kroasia]], mereka menyatakan bahwa [[Katolik]] dan [[Islam]] adalah agama [[bangsa Kroasia]]. Ustaše juga menganggalmenganggap Islam [[Bosniak]] sebagai agama yang "menjaga kemurnian darah Kroasia".<ref>Butić-Jelić, Fikreta. Ustaše i Nezavisna Država Hrvatska 1941–1945. Liber, 1977</ref>

Gerakan ini merupakan organisasi teroris sebelum [[Perang Dunia II]],<ref>Der kroatische Ustascha-Staat, hal. 19–27</ref> namun pada April 1941, mereka diminta menguasai [[Negara Independen Kroasia]] yang dibentuk dari wilayah [[Kerajaan Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] yang diduduki oleh [[Blok Poros]] selama perang. Negara tersebut merupakan semi-protektorat Italia-Jerman{{sfn|Tomasevich|2001|pp=233–241}} dan [[negara boneka]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-1413183/Independent-State-of-Croatia |title=Independent State of Croatia – Britannica Online Encyclopedia |publisher=Britannica.com |date= |accessdate=3 September 2012}}</ref><ref>[http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005456 Yugoslavia], ''Holocaust Encyclopedia'', United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</ref><ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761577939_7/Croatia.html#p51 |title=History of Croatia:World War II] |access-date=2013-09-27 |archive-date=2009-11-01 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5kwrEj3LA?url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761577939_7/Croatia.html#p51 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[Jerman Nazi]].<ref name=CRIMES>{{cite book |last=Watch |first=Helsinki |title=War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina |url=http://books.google.com/?id=nltdtAo38K0C&pg=PA14 |accessdate=23 April 2008 |year=1993 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |isbn=978-1-56432-083-4 }}</ref><ref name=STATEHOOD>{{cite book |last=Raič |first=David |title=Statehood and the law of self-determination |url=http://books.google.com/?id=L7UOyPGYBkwC&pg=PA81 |accessdate=23 April 2008 |year=2002 |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |isbn=978-90-411-1890-5 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005456 [[USHMM]] about Independent State of Croatia]</ref> Ustaše melancarkan [[holocaust]] di wilayahnya selama Perang Dunia II. Sekitar tiga ratus ribu orang tewas akibat kebijakan rasial pemerintah yang menghabisi orang Serbia, Yahudi, dan Rom di [[kemah konsentrasi]], bersama dengan oposisi dan lawan politik yang berkebangsaan Kroasia.

== Catatan kakiReferensi ==

* [http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/jasenovac/ Holocaust era in Croatia: Jasenovac 1941–1945] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030802193350/http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/jasenovac/ |date=2003-08-02 }}, an on-line museum by the [[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]]

* [http://guskova.ru/misc/balcan/2004-04-22e Fund For Genocide Research, Jasenovac death camp] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051031151251/http://guskova.ru/misc/balcan/2004-04-22e |date=2005-10-31 }}

* [http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/people/e/eichmann-adolf/transcripts/Sessions/Session-046-01.html Eichmann Trial, Tel Aviv 1961] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303194245/http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/people/e/eichmann-adolf/transcripts/Sessions/Session-046-01.html |date=2016-03-03 }}

* [http://www.cga.org.il/english/?page_id=86 Genocide of the Serbs by the Ustase] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105231023/http://www.cga.org.il/english/?page_id=86 |date=2013-11-05 }} on the Combat Genocide Association website

[[Kategori:HolocaustHolokaus]]