Busur panjang Inggris: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[Berkas:Englishlongbow.jpg|thumbjmpl|350px|Busur panjang IngrisInggris, 6 ft 6 [[inch|in]] (2 meter), dengan kekuatan 470 [[Newton (unit)|N]] (105 [[pound|lbf]]).]]

[[Berkas:Battle of crecy froissart.jpg|thumbjmpl|300px|Ilustrasi [[Pertempuran Crécy]]. Pemanah dengan busur panjang Anglo-Welsh melawan pasukan [[pembunuh bayaran]] [[Itali]] bersenjatakan [[busur silang]].]]

'''Busur panjang Inggris''', disebut juga '''busur panjang Wales''', adalah jenis [[busur panjang]] [[Abad Pertengahan]] yang kuat yang banyak digunakan oleh [[bangsa Inggris|orang Inggris]] dan [[Bangsa Wales|orang Wales]] untuk [[perburuan|berburu]] dan sebagai [[senjata]] dalam [[peperangan Abad Pertengahan]]. Pengunaan busur panah ini oleh Inggris ternyata efektif melawan [[PerancisPrancis]] pada saat [[Perang Seratus Tahun]], tepatnya saat dimulainya perang dalam pertempuran [[Pertempuran Sluys|Sluys]] (1340), [[Pertempuran Crécy|Crécy]] (1346), dan [[Pertempuran Poitiers|Poitiers]] (1356); Dan mungkin yang paling terkenal adalah [[Pertemppuran Agincourt]] (1415). Mereka mulai tidak efektif lagi setelah gugurnya pemanah panjang di [[Pertempuran Verneuil]] (1424), dan menjadi benar-benar kelabakan di [[Pertempuran Patay]] (1429) saat mereka maju sebelum mengatur posisi bertahan. Istilah busur panah panjang "Inggris" atau "Welsh" dalam penggunaan modern untuk membedakan panah busur ini dari busur panah panjang lainnya, walaupan pada kenyataannya busur panah yang sama digunakan di wilayah utara dan timur [[Eropa]]; meskipun sebagian besar ide busur ini berasal dari Spanyol sekitar abad ke-14.{{citation needed|date=January 2011}}

Busur panjang Inggris tertua ditemukan di padang rumput [[Ashcott]], [[Somerset]], yang diperkirakan dari tahun 2665 SM,<ref>{{harvnb|Bacon|1971|p=16}}</ref> tapitetapi tak ada busur panjang yang ditemukan dari masa kejayaan busur panah panjang (sekitar 1250–1450 Masehi),<ref name=kaiser-1980>{{harvnb|Kaiser|1980}}</ref> kemungkinan karena busurnya usang, rusak dan digantikan secara berkala, bukannya diwariskan dari generasi ke generasi.<ref>{{harvnb|Levick|1992}}</ref> Bagaimanapun, lebih dari 130 busur ditemukan pada masa [[Renaissans]]. Lebih dari 3,500 panah dan 137 penh panjang diekskavasi dari ''[[Mary Rose]]'', kapal [[Henry VIII dari Inggris|Henry VIII]] yang karam di [[Portsmouth]] tahun 1545.

== Catatan kaki ==

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* [http://www.all-of-a-quiver.com The Great Northwood Bowmen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126031008/http://all-of-a-quiver.com/ |date=2021-11-26 }} Medieval Longbow Archery and re-enactment Society, re-enacting the 15th century, based in London.