Jalan Raya Ledo: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[Berkas:Burma and Ledo Road 1944 - 1945.jpg|thumbjmpl|Jalan Raya Burma dan Jalan Raya Ledo tahun 1944]]

[[ImageBerkas:Allied lines of communication in Southeast Asia, 1942-43.jpg|thumbjmpl|[[Jalur komunikasi]] Sekutu di Asia Tenggara (1942–1943). The Ledo Road ditampilkan di paling kanan.]]

[[Berkas:A look at "Burma Road." - NARA - 196231.jpg|thumbjmpl|Suatu bagian dari Jalan Raya Ledo]]

[[Berkas:Stilwell.jpeg|thumbjmpl|Ada sebuah papan penunjuk di awal Jalan Raya Ledo yang mencantumkan jarak dalam mil (GI Amerika berfoto di papan penunjuk sekitar 1945):<ref>Staff. [http://tinsukia.nic.in/subpages/stilwell.html The Stilwell Road] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013005441/http://www.tinsukia.nic.in/subpages/stilwell.html |date=13 October 2008 }}, [http://tinsukia.nic.in/index.asp District Administration, Tinsukia (Assam)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070212063023/http://www.tinsukia.nic.in/index.asp |date=12 February 2007 }}, Cites Sri Surendra Baruah, Margherita, Retrieved 2008-10-01</ref><ref>Weidenburner. [http://ledoroad.home.comcast.net/Ledo_Signs.html Ledo Road Signs] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070519100609/http://ledoroad.home.comcast.net/Ledo_Signs.html |date=19 May 2007 }}</ref>

| [[Kabupaten Longling |Lungling]] ||560

[[Berkas:Life-Line To China Re-Opened 1945212.ogg|thumbjmpl|Urat nadi kehidupan ke Tiongkok dibuka kembali]]

[[Berkas:FlagsOverStilwellRoad.gif|thumbjmpl|Seorang prajurit [[Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat|Angkatan Darat AS]] dan seorang prajurit [[Tentara Revolusioner Tiongkok|Tiongkok]] menempatkan bendera sekutu mereka di depan jip mereka sesaat sebelum konvoi truk pertama dalam hampir tiga tahun melintasi perbatasan China dalam perjalanan dari Ledo, India, ke Kunming, Tiongkok, melewati jalan Stilwell pada tahun 1945]]

[[Berkas:African-americans-wwii-009.jpg|thumbjmpl|"Truk tentara buatan Amerika berkelok-kelok di sepanjang sisi gunung di atas jalan pasokan Ledo sekarang terbuka dari India ke Burma ..."]]

'''Jalan Raya Ledo''' (dari [[Ledo, Assam]], India ke [[Kunming]], [[Yunnan]], Tiongkok) adalah koneksi darat antara India dan Tiongkok, dibangun selama [[Perang Dunia II]] yang memungkinkan [[Blok Sekutu dalam Perang Dunia II|Sekutu Barat]] untuk mengirim pasokan ke Tiongkok, untuk membantu upaya perang melawan Jepang — karena sebuah alternatif untuk [[Jalan Raya Burma]] menjadi wajib, yang pernah diputuskan oleh Jepang pada tahun 1942. Jalan ini berganti nama menjadi '''Jalan Raya Stilwell''', sesuai nama Jenderal [[Joseph Stilwell]] dari [[Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat]], pada awal tahun 1945 atas saran [[Chiang Kai-shek]]. Jalan ini melewati kota-kota Burma di [[Shingbwiyang]], [[Myitkyina]], dan [[Bhamo]] di [[Negara Bagian Kachin]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8194622.stm | work=BBC News | title=India not to reopen key WWII road | date=11 August 2009 | accessdate=2010-05-07 | first=Subir | last=Bhaumik}}</ref>

Pada abad ke-19, para pembangun jalur kereta api Britania telah menyurvei [[Lintasan Pangsau]], yang memiliki ketinggian 1.136 meter (3.727 kaki) di perbatasan India-Burma, di puncak [[Patkai]], di atas [[Nampong]], [[Arunachal Pradesh]], dan [[Ledo, Assam|Ledo]], [[Tinsukia]] (bagian dari [[Assam]]). Mereka menyimpulkan bahwa sebuah jalur dapat diteruskan ke [[Burma]] dan menuruni [[Lembah Hukawng]]. Meskipun proposal ini dibatalkan, Britania menjajaki Pegunungan [[Patkai]] untuk sebuah jalan dari [[Assam]] jeke [[Burma|Burma utara]]. Para insinyur Britanai telah menyurvei rute untuk sebuah jalan untuk 130 kilometer (80 mil) pertama. Setelah Britania tertekan keluar dari sebagian besar Burma oleh Jepang, pembangunan jalan ini menjadi prioritas bagi Amerika Serikat. Setelah Rangoon direbut oleh Jepang dan sebelum Jalan Raya Ledo selesai dibangun, sebagian besar pasokan ke Tiongkok harus dikirim melalui pengangkutan udara melintasi ujung timur Pegunungan Himalaya yang dikenal sebagai ''[[the Hump]]''.

== Catatan ==

* Baruah, Sri Surendra. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20081013005441/http://www.tinsukia.nic.in/subpages/stilwell.html The Stilwell Road a historical review]'' on [https://web.archive.org/web/20070212063023/http://www.tinsukia.nic.in/index.asp the website] of [[Tinsukia district|Tinsukia District]] in India.

* [http://changlang.nic.in/aboutus.html Hindah, Radhe]. (NIC Changlang District Unit), [http://changlang.nic.in/stilwell.html A profile of Changlang District: Stilwell Road], the website of the [[Changlang|Changlang District]] in India. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20091027055242/http://geocities.com/nicchg/stilwell.html a mirror]) A History of the road and the proposed reopening as International Highway.

* Moser, Don (1978). ''China, Burma'', India Time-Life Books

* [[William Slim|Slim, William]] ''Defeat into Victory'', {{ISBN|1-56849-077-1}}. Chapter XII: The Northern Front

* Staff. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20070831075234/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=1522 US Mil In China-Burma-India]'' on the website of the [[National Museum of the United States Air Force]]

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070730080254/http://ledoroad.home.comcast.net/Ledo_About.html Weidenburner, Carl Warren]. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20070519100609/http://ledoroad.home.comcast.net/Ledo_Signs.html Ledo Road Signs]''

* Xu, Guangqiu. ''War Wings: The United States and Chinese Military Aviation, 1929-1949'', Greenwood Publishing Group (2001), {{ISBN|0-313-32004-7}}, {{ISBN|978-0-313-32004-0}}

* Allen, Louis. ''Burma: The Longest War 1941-1945'', Cassell; New edition (2000) {{ISBN|1-84212-260-6}}.

* Choudhuri, Atonu. [http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080129/jsp/northeast/story_8834397.jsp Monumental neglect of war graves - Discovered in 1997, Jairampur cemetery gets entangled in red tape] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021062926/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1080129/jsp/northeast/story_8834397.jsp |date=2012-10-21 }}, [[Calcutta Telegraph]], 29 January 2008

* Cochrane, S. ''[http://www.chindit.net/stillwell.html Stilwell's Road]'' [http://www.chindit.net www.chindit.net] (1999–2003)

* Edis, Eric (2008). ''The Impossible Takes a Little Longer'', Lightning Source UK Ltd (2008), {{ISBN|978-1-4092-0301-8}}.

* Gardener, S. Neal, ''[http://gardnerworld.com/cbi/ledo_road.htm A facsimile of the Ex-CBI Roundup July 1954 Issue, pg 20. Also additional photos of unit patches]'' website [http://gardnerworld.com/cbi/cbihome.htm CBI GardenerWorld]

* Jenkins, Mark ''[http://outsideonline.com/outside/features/200310/200310_burma_1.html The Ghost Road]'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20100919001158/http://outsideonline.com/outside/toc/200310.html Outside Magazine] October 2003

* Khaund, Surajit. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20050406012131/http://www.mizzima.com/archives/news-in-2005/news-in-mar/28-March05-19.htm Kalam urged to reopen Stillwell Road to Reach Burma]'' (archived from [http://www.mizzima.com/archives/news-in-2005/news-in-mar/28-March05-19.htm original]) Mizzima News (www.mizzima.com) 28 March 2005. "[[Guwahati]]: Pursuing to reach the Burma market in the wake of improved bilateral relation, Indian Minister of state for external Affairs [[Bijay Krishna Handique]] has submitted a memorandum to President [[APJ Abdul Kalam]] for reopening of the famous Stilwell Road which connects India, Burma and China" ([http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs3/BNI2005-03-30.htm backup site])

* [http://cbi-theater.com/lifeledo/life-ledo.html The Ledo Road; "Pick's Pike" follows Stilwell's advance in Burma] Adapted for the internet from [[Life Magazine]] 14 August 1944 issue. (One of many [[facsimile]]s of original documents about the CBI on [http://cbi-theater.com the CBI website] by Carl W. Weidenburner)

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040928090002/http://www.myanmar.gov.mm/myanmartimes/no99/myanmartimes5-99/Timeouts/2.htm A war-time engineering miracle] ([http://www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs3/MT099.htm backup]) in [[The Myanmar Times]] Vol. 5, No. 99, 21–27 January 2002

* McRae, Jr., Bennie J. [http://www.coax.net/people/lwf/858TH.HTM 858th Engineer Aviation Battalion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205050137/http://www.coax.net/people/lwf/858TH.HTM |date=2007-02-05 }} LWF PUBLICATIONS

* [[Jon Latimer|Latimer Jon]], ''Burma: The Forgotten War'', John Murray, (2004). {{ISBN|0-7195-6576-6}}. Chapter 13: 'Stilwell in the North'

* Reagan, Ronald (narraor). ''Stilwell Road (1945)'' A 51-minute documentary that, describes why and how the Ledo Road was built.

* Seay, Geraldine. "[http://www.ledoroad.com African Americans and the Ledo Stilwell Road.]"

* Slessor, Tim (1957) . ''First Overland'', Signal Books Ltd (2005), {{ISBN|1-904955-14-2}}.

* Tun, Khaing ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20050215154329/http://www.cbiexpeditions.com/html_pages/Ledo%20Road/index.htm Recent photos of Ledo Road]'' website of [http://www.cbiexpeditions.com/ CBI Expeditions]

* Webster, Donovan. "The Burma Road: The Epic Story of the China-Burma-India Theater in World War" by ; Farrar, Straus and Giroux (US), Hardback (2003), {{ISBN|0-374-11740-3}} also Pan (UK), Paperback (2005), {{ISBN|0-330-42703-2}}

* Weidenburner, Carl Warren. ''[http://cbi-theater.com/ledoroad The Ledo Road]''

* Weidenburner, Carl Warren. ''[http://cbi-theater.com/ledoroad/Ledo_Mileposts.html Mile posts and time line]''

== Pranala luar ==

* [https://www.solobackpacker.com/2018/04/29/legacy-of-the-stilwell-road/ Legacy Of The Stilwell Road] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830005047/https://www.solobackpacker.com/2018/04/29/legacy-of-the-stilwell-road/ |date=2018-08-30 }} A Road Trip On The Stilwell Road

[[CategoryKategori:Situs Perang Dunia II di Burma]]

[[CategoryKategori:Sejarah militer India selama Perang Dunia II]]

[[CategoryKategori:Sejarah militer Tiongkok selama Perang Dunia II]]

[[CategoryKategori:Sejarah Assam]]

[[CategoryKategori:Jalan di Myanmar]]

[[CategoryKategori:Jalan di Arunachal Pradesh]]

[[CategoryKategori:Jalan di Assam]]

[[CategoryKategori:Pelintasan perbatasan India–Myanmar]]

[[CategoryKategori:Tinsukia]]

[[CategoryKategori:Situs Perang Dunia II di India]]

[[CategoryKategori:Situs Perang Dunia II di Tiongkok]]

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