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Gempa bumi Christchurch 2011: Perbedaan antara revisi

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{{Infobox earthquake
{{Earthquake
| title = Gempa Bumibumi Christchurch 2011
| image = ChristchurchBasilicaPostEarthquake gobeirne.jpg
| date = 22 February 2011, 12:51 [[NZDT]]
| image alt = ▼
| image =ChristChurch Cathedral - 2011 earthquake damage.jpg
| caption = Kerusakan pada Katedral Katholik di [[Christchurch]]
▲| image alt =
| map = 2011 Canterbury earthquake intensity.jpg
| imagecaption =[[Katedral ChristChurch]] rusak setelah gempa terjadi.
| timestamp = 2011-02-21 23:51:42
| map2 = {{Location map | Selandia Baru
| isc-event = 16168897
| AlternativeMap=New Zealand location map transparent.svg
| anss-url = usp000huvq
| label =
| local-date = {{Start date|2011|02|22|df=yes}}
| lat = −43.60
| local-time = 12:51 [[Waktu di Selandia Baru|NZDT]]
| long = 172.71
| magnitude = 6.31 [[Skala richterkekuatan momen|SRM<sub>w</sub>]]<ref name="GeoNet"/>▼
| mark = Bullseye1.png
| depth = {{convert|5|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| marksize = 50
| positionintensity = top{{MMI|XI}}
| countries affected = {{flagcountry|[[Canterbury]], New[[Selandia Zealand}}Baru]]▼
| width = 200
| floatlandslide = center
| PGA = 1.51 ''[[Percepatan tanah puncak|g]]''<ref name="Goto">{{cite journal |last1=Goto |first1=Hiroyuki |last2=Kaneko |first2=Yoshihiro |last3=Naguit |first3=Muriel |last4=Young |first4=John |date=5 January 2021 |title=Records of Extreme Ground Accelerations during the 2011 Christchurch Earthquake Sequence Contaminated by a Nonlinear, Soil–Structure Interaction |url= |journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America |volume= 111|issue= 2|pages= 704–722|doi=10.1785/0120200337 |bibcode=2021BuSSA.111..704G |s2cid=233531749 |access-date=}}</ref>
| caption = }}
| tsunami = {{convert|3,5|m|ft|abbr=on}} tsunami di [[Danau Tasman]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2011/02/22/3146052.htm?section=world|title=Ice breaks off glacier after Christchurch quake|work=ABC News|date=22 February 2011|access-date=11 March 2011|archive-date=26 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110226193457/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2011/02/22/3146052.htm?section=world|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/christchurch-earthquake/4692057/Earthquake-causes-glacier-to-calve|title=Earthquake causes glacier to calve|publisher=Stuff.co.nz|date=23 February 2011|access-date=11 March 2011|archive-date=23 April 2011|archive-url=https://archive.today/20110423055814/http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/christchurch-earthquake/4692057/Earthquake-causes-glacier-to-calve|url-status=live}}</ref>
| caption = Episentrum gempa
| casualties = 185 tewas, 2,000 terluka, 165 luka serius
▲| magnitude = 6.3 [[Skala richter|SR<sub>w</sub>]]<ref name="GeoNet"/>
| depth = 5 km
| location = {{coord|43.60|S|172.71|E|display=inline,title}} <br /> dekat [[Lyttelton, Selandia Baru|Lyttleton]], [[Canterbury, Selandia Baru|Canterbury]], [[Pulau Selatan]]
▲| countries affected = {{flagcountry| New Zealand}}
| tsunami =
| casualties = Sedikitnya 181 orang tewas<ref name="listdeceased"/><br />1500-2000-an orang terluka, 164 luka serius<ref>[http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/christchurch-earthquake/4697308/Quake-Hope-fades-after-chapel-search Quake: Hope fades after chapel search], ''Stuff'', 24 February 2011.</ref>
| intensity = [[Skala Mercalli|VIII]] IX
}}
'''Gempa Bumibumi ChrsitchurchChristchurch 2011''' adalah [[gempa Bumibumi]] berkekuatan 6.31 [[skala richter]]{{M|w|link=y}}<ref name="GeoNet">{{cite web
|title=New Zealand Earthquake Report - Feb 22 2011 at {{Nowrap|12:51 pm}} (NZDT)
|work=[[GeoNet]]
Baris 35 ⟶ 29:
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223092531/http://www.geonet.org.nz/earthquake/quakes/3468575g.html
|dead-url=yes
}}</ref> yang mengguncang tepat dibawah kota [[Region CanterburyChristchurch]], wilayah Canterbury, [[Pulau Selatan]], [[Selandia Baru]], pada tanggal 22 [[Februari 2011|Februari]] [[2011]], pukul 12.:51 [[waktuWaktu di Selandia Baru|waktu lokalsetempat]] (21 Januari 2011, pukul 23.51 [[UTC]]). [[Episentrum]] gempa berada sekitar 2 kilometer sebelah barat kota kecil [[Lyttelton, Selandia Baru|Lyttelton]],<ref>{{cite web
|title=GDACS impact assessment: Green Earthquake Alert in New Zealand
|work=[[GDACS]]
Baris 45 ⟶ 39:
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110407010656/http://www.gdacs.org/reports.asp?eventType=EQ&ID=104193&system=asgard&location=NZL&alertlevel=Green&glide_no=&datetime=20110221&groupid=104191
|dead-url=yes
}}</ref> dengan kedalaman 5 kilometer. Gempa ini menewaskan setidaknya 185 orang, dan diyakini sebagai bencana alam paling mematikan kedua dalam sejarah [[Selandia Baru]].
}}</ref> dengan kedalaman 5 kilometer. Gempa Bumi ini menimbulkan kerusakan besar, terutama di kota [[Christchurch]], kota terdekat dari episentrum gempa, dan juga [[daftar kota di Selandia Baru|kota terbesar kedua]] di Selandia Baru. Gempa ini merupakan gempa susulan setelah sebelumnya Christchurch [[Gempa Bumi Canterbury 2010|diguncang gempa]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/23/world/asia/23zealand.html?hp|title=Scores Killed in New Zealand Earthquake|work=The New York Times|date=February 22}}</ref> pada tanggal 4 [[September 2010|September]] [[2010]]. Sedikitnya 181 orang tewas akibat musibah ini,<ref name="listdeceased">{{cite web |url= http://www.police.govt.nz/list-deceased |title= List of deceased - Christchurch earthquake |publisher= New Zealand Police |date= 7 April 2011 |accessdate= 8 April 2011}}</ref> sementara kerugian materiil akibat gempa mencapai 15-16 miliar [[dolar Selandia Baru]].<ref name="eatGDP">{{cite web |url= http://www.stuff.co.nz/business/rebuilding-christchurch/4984173/Quake-rebuild-will-eat-into-GDP |first= Fiona |last= Rotherham |date= 10 May 2011 |accessdate= 15 May 2011 |title= Quake rebuild will eat into GDP |publisher= Stuff.co.nz}}</ref><ref name="jpmorgan">{{cite web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-22/new-zealand-s-earthquake-may-become-costliest-insured-disaster-since-2008.html|title=New Zealand's Earthquake May Become Costliest Insured Disaster Since 2008|first1=Noah|last1=Buhayar|first2=Jacob|last2=Greber|first3=Nichola|last3=Saminather|work=Bloomberg|date=23 February 2011|accessdate=24 February 2011}}</ref>
 
PadaGempa tanggalbumi [[13ini Juni]]menimbulkan kerusakan besar, terutama di kota [[2011Christchurch]], kota terdekat dari episentrum gempa, dan juga [[Gempadaftar Bumikota Christchurchdi JuniSelandia 2011Baru|gempakota susulanterbesar kedua]] berkekuatandi Selandia 6Baru.3 [[skalaGempa Richter]]ini mengguncangmerupakan gempa susulan setelah sebelumnya Christchurch pada[[Gempa pukulbumi 12.50Canterbury waktu2010|diguncang setempat.gempa]]<ref name=details>{{cite web|url=http://earthquakewww.usgsnytimes.govcom/earthquakes2011/recenteqsww02/Quakes23/usc000466fworld/asia/23zealand.phphtml?hp|title=MagnituteScores 6.0Killed - South Island ofin New Zealand|publisher=[[USGS]]|date=13 June 2011Earthquake|accessdatework=13The June 2011}}</ref><ref name=geonet1>{{cite web|title=New ZealandYork Earthquake Report - Jun 13 2011 at 2:20 pm (NZST)Times|url=http://www.geonet.org.nz/earthquake/quakes/3528839g.html|work=GeoNet|publisherdate=GNSFebruary Science22|accessdateaccess-date=14 June 2011-02-22|archive-date=20122023-0805-2907|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2012082922591820230507233432/httphttps://www.geonetnytimes.org.nzcom/earthquake2011/02/23/world/quakesasia/3528839g23zealand.html?hp|dead-url=yesno}}</ref> 1pada orangtanggal dilaporkan4 tewas,[[September namun2010|September]] belum[[2010]]. diketahuiSedikitnya apakah185 penyebaborang kematiantewas berhubunganakibat dengan gempamusibah tersebut.ini,<ref name=death"listdeceased">{{cite web |url= http://www.nzheraldpolice.cogovt.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10732161list-deceased |title=One deathList reportedof afterdeceased - Christchurch earthquake |workpublisher=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|author=HeraldPolice Online, NZPA|date=14 June7 April 2011 |accessdate= 8 April 2011 |archive-06date= 2012-1407-31 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120731044800/http://www.police.govt.nz/list-deceased |dead-url= no }}</ref> sementara kerugian materiil akibat gempa mencapai 15-16 miliar [[dolar Selandia Baru]].<ref name="Death from quake?eatGDP">{{cite web |url= http://www.nzheraldstuff.co.nz/business/rebuilding-christchurch-earthquake/news4984173/article.cfm?c_idQuake-rebuild-will-eat-into-GDP |first=1502981&objectid Fiona |last=10732204 Rotherham |titledate=Elderly man10 mayMay not2011 be|accessdate= quake15 casualtyMay 2011 |worktitle=[[The NewQuake Zealandrebuild Herald]]will eat into GDP |authorpublisher=NZPA Stuff.co.nz |archive-date=14 June 2011-05-13 |accessdatearchive-url=2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110513072810/http://www.stuff.co.nz/business/rebuilding-06christchurch/4984173/Quake-14rebuild-will-eat-into-GDP |dead-url= no }}</ref> Sementara, 46 orang luka-luka.<ref name=injured"jpmorgan">{{cite web|url=http://www.reutersbloomberg.com/articlenews/2011-02-22/06/13/usnew-newzealandzealand-quakes-idUSTRE75C08S20110613earthquake-may-become-costliest-insured-disaster-since-2008.html|title=PowerfulNew quakesZealand's rattleEarthquake NewMay ZealandBecome cityCostliest Insured Disaster Since 2008|first1=Noah|last1=Buhayar|first2=Jacob|last2=Greber|first3=Nichola|last3=Saminather|work=Bloomberg|date=1323 JuneFebruary 2011|accessdate=24 February 2011-06-13|author=Bathgate, Adrian|publisher=[[Reuters]]|archive-date=20112015-0601-1326|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2011061311142920150126130543/http://www.reutersbloomberg.com/articlenews/2011-02-22/06/13/usnew-newzealandzealand-quakes-earthquake-may-idUSTRE75C08S20110613become-costliest-insured-disaster-since-2008.html|dead-url=yesno}}</ref>
 
== Dampak dan korban ==
[[Berkas:Pyne Gould Building destroyed by earthquake, Christchurch, New Zealand - 20110224.jpg|thumb|Bangunan PGC ambruk ketika gempa menjebak ratusan orang didalamnya]]
[[File:25 Feb 2011 Oxford Tce Baptist Church.jpg|thumb|Gereja Oxford rusak parah akibat gempa]]
 
185 orang dinyatakan tewas dalam gempa tersebut. Lebih dari separuh kematian terjadi di Gedung Canterbury Television (CTV) berlantai enam, yang runtuh dan terbakar akibat gempa. Keadaan darurat lokal awalnya diumumkan oleh Walikota Christchurch, yang kemudian digantikan ketika pemerintah mengumumkan keadaan darurat nasional, yang berlaku hingga 30 April 2011.
 
Dari 185 korban, 115 orang tewas di Gedung CTV yang roboh, 18 orang lainnya tewas akibat runtuhnya Gedung PGC, dan delapan orang tewas tertimpa batu di Bus Merah nomor 702 di Jalan Kolombo. Dalam masing-masing kasus tersebut, bangunan yang runtuh diketahui telah rusak parah akibat gempa bumi bulan September 2010 namun pemerintah daerah telah mengizinkan bangunan tersebut untuk ditempati kembali (gedung CTV dan PGC) atau penghalang pelindung yang berdekatan dengan bangunan tersebut dipindahkan lebih dekat ke daerah tersebut. berisiko terkena puing-puing yang berjatuhan (Jalan Colombo). Tambahan 28 orang tewas di berbagai tempat di pusat kota, dan dua belas orang tewas di pinggiran kota Christchurch. Karena luka-luka yang diderita, beberapa mayat masih belum teridentifikasi. Antara 6.600 dan 6.800 orang dirawat karena mengalami luka ringan, dan Rumah Sakit Christchurch sendiri merawat 220 kasus trauma besar yang berhubungan dengan gempa tersebut. Upaya penyelamatan berlanjut selama lebih dari seminggu, kemudian beralih ke mode pemulihan. Orang terakhir yang selamat berhasil diselamatkan dari reruntuhan sehari setelah gempa.
 
[[File:Sink holes and liquefaction North New Brighton Feb 2011.jpg|thumb|Dampak [[Likuefaksi]] di New Brighton Utara, [[Christchurch]]]]
[[File:80 Bealey Avenue.JPG|thumb|Rumah hancur di Christchurch]]
 
Pada tanggal [[13 Juni]] [[2011]], [[Gempa bumi Christchurch Juni 2011|gempa susulan]] berkekuatan 6.3 [[skala Richter]] mengguncang Christchurch pada pukul 12.50 waktu setempat.<ref name=details>{{cite web|url=http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usc000466f.php|title=Magnitute 6.0 - South Island of New Zealand|publisher=[[USGS]]|date=13 June 2011|accessdate=13 June 2011|archive-date=2011-06-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616130713/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsww/Quakes/usc000466f.php|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name=geonet1>{{cite web|title=New Zealand Earthquake Report - Jun 13 2011 at 2:20 pm (NZST)|url=http://www.geonet.org.nz/earthquake/quakes/3528839g.html|work=GeoNet|publisher=GNS Science|accessdate=14 June 2011|archive-date=2012-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829225918/http://www.geonet.org.nz/earthquake/quakes/3528839g.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> 1 orang dilaporkan tewas, namun belum diketahui apakah penyebab kematian berhubungan dengan gempa tersebut.<ref name=death>{{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10732161|title=One death reported after earthquake|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|author=Herald Online, NZPA|date=14 June 2011|accessdate=2011-06-14|archive-date=2014-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140807145212/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10732161|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="Death from quake?">{{cite web |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/christchurch-earthquake/news/article.cfm?c_id=1502981&objectid=10732204 |title=Elderly man may not be quake casualty |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |author=NZPA |date=14 June 2011 |accessdate=2011-06-14 |archive-date=2016-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317035240/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/christchurch-earthquake/news/article.cfm?c_id=1502981&objectid=10732204 |dead-url=no }}</ref> Sementara, 46 orang luka-luka.<ref name=injured>{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/13/us-newzealand-quake-idUSTRE75C08S20110613|title=Powerful quakes rattle New Zealand city|date=13 June 2011|accessdate=2011-06-13|author=Bathgate, Adrian|publisher=[[Reuters]]|archive-date=2011-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613111429/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/13/us-newzealand-quake-idUSTRE75C08S20110613|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
 
== Lihat pula ==
{{Portal|Selandia Baru}}
*[[Gempa bumi Kaikoura 2016]]
 
== Referensi ==
Baris 56 ⟶ 67:
{{commons category}}
* [http://video.news.com.au/1808403836/Earthquake-in-New-Zealand Earthquake Footage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110225111019/http://video.news.com.au/1808403836/Earthquake-in-New-Zealand |date=2011-02-25 }}
* [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10707997 New Zealand Herald Live Updates] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606125106/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10707997 |date=2020-06-06 }}
* [http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/photos/4688271/Christchurch-aftershock-Feb-22 Quake Photos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019114421/http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/photos/4688271/Christchurch-aftershock-Feb-22 |date=2019-10-19 }}
 
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