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{{kegunaan lain|Naga (disambiguasi)}}
{{untuk|kadal naga dunia nyata|Agamidae}}
[[File:Friedrich-Johann-Justin-Bertuch Mythical-Creature-Dragon 1806.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Ilustrasi naga bersayap dan bernafaskan api oleh [[Friedrich Justin Bertuch]] dari 1806]]
[[File:Ninedragonwallpic1.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Ukiran naga dalam mitologi Tiongkok di [[Dinding Sembilan Naga]], [[Taman Beihai]], [[Beijing]] ]]
[[File:Zmei Gorynich - Ystad-2019.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|Moncong kapal [[
'''Naga''' merupakan
{{TOC limit|3}}
==Etimologi==
[[File:Pakhangba.jpg|left|thumb|[[Pakhangba]], adalah [[dewa]] naga ular purba dalam [[mitologi Meitei]].]]
Istilah "naga" merupakan kata serapan dari [[bahasa Sanskerta]], yaitu {{IAST|nāgá}} ({{lang|sa|[[:wikt:नाग#Sanskrit|नाग]]}}) yang berarti "[[ular kobra]]" yang berasal dari penamaan [[ular kobra India]] (''Naja naja''). Sinonim untuk ''{{IAST|nāgá}}'' adalah ''{{IAST|phaṇin}}'' ({{lang|sa|[[:wikt:फणिन्#Sanskrit|फणिन्]]}}). Sebetulnya terdapat beberapa kata yang juga berarti "ular" secara umum, dan satu dari yang paling sering digunakan adalah ''{{IAST|sarpá}}'' ({{lang|sa|[[:wikt:सर्प#Sanskrit|सर्प]]}}). Terkadang, kata ''{{IAST|nāgá}}'' juga memiliki arti sebagai "ular" secara umum.<ref name=Apte>{{cite book|last1=Apte|first1=Vaman Shivram|title=The student's English-Sanskrit dictionary|url=https://archive.org/details/studentsenglishs00apte_271|date=1997|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|location=Delhi|isbn=81-208-0299-3|edition=3rd rev. & enl.}}, p. 423. The first definition of ''nāgaḥ'' given reads "A snake in general, particularly the cobra." p.539</ref> Kata tersebut memiliki [[kata asal]] yang sama dengan ''snake'' dalam bahasa Inggris, dan kata ''snake'' berasal dari bahasa rumpun Jermanik: ''*snēk-a-'', [[Bahasa Proto-Indo-Eropa|Proto-IE]]: ''*(s)nēg-o-'' (dengan [[pergerakan s rumpun Indo-Europa|pergerakan s]]).
[[File:Beowulf - dracan.jpg|thumb|Kemunculan kata "dracan" yang merupakan sebuah kata dalam [[bahasa Inggris Kuno]] dalam ''[[Beowulf]]''<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=OCc8TF53RhMC&pg=PA196 Beowulf; a heroic poem of the 8th century, with tr., note and appendix by T. Arnold], 1876, p. 196.</ref>]]
Dalam bahasa Inggris, kata ''dragon'' berasal dari [[bahasa Prancis Kuno]] yang masuk kedalam bahasa Inggris pada awal abad ke-13, kata ''dragon'' tersebut juga berasal dari {{lang-la|draconem}} (bentuk normatif dari {{lang|la|draco}}) yang berarti "ular raksasa, naga", dari [[bahasa Yunani Kuno]] {{lang|grc|[[:wikt:δράκων|δράκων]]}}, {{transl|grc|drákōn}} (bentuk genitif dari {{lang|grc|[[:wikt:δράκοντος|δράκοντος]]}}, {{transl|grc|drákontos}}) "ular laut, ular raksasa".{{sfn|Ogden|2013|page=4}}<ref name="LiddelScott">[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Ddra%2Fkwn2 Δράκων] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620113648/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Ddra%2Fkwn2 |date=20 June 2010 }}, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', at Perseus project</ref> Istilah naga dalam bahasa Yunani dan Latin mengacu pada ular manapun yang berukuran besar dan tidak harus sebagai makhluk mitologi.{{sfn|Ogden|2013|pages=2–4}} Kata bahasa Yunani {{lang|grc|δράκων}} kemungkinan besar berasal dari kata kerja dalam bahasa Yunani {{lang|grc|[[:wikt:δέρκομαι|δέρκομαι]]}} ({{transl|grc|dérkomai}}) yang berarti "Aku melihat", dan menjadi {{lang|grc|ἔδρακον}} ({{transl|grc|édrakon}}) dalam bentuk [[aorist]].<ref name="LiddelScott"/> Asal-usul penamaan ini yang kemungkinan menjadi sebutan untuk sesuatu yang memiliki "tatapan yang mematikan"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/dragon|title = Dragon | Origin and meaning of dragon by Online Etymology Dictionary}}</ref> atau mata yang memancarkan cahaya yang tidak biasa<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=de%2Frkomai&la=greek&can=de%2Frkomai0&prior=to/de&d=Perseus:text:1999.01.0041:card=699&i=1#lexicon|title = Greek Word Study Tool}}</ref> ataupun "tajam",<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.oup.com/2015/04/st-georges-day-dragon-etymology/|title = Guns, herbs, and sores: Inside the dragon's etymological lair|date = 25 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Wyld |first1=Henry Cecil |title=The Universal Dictionary Of The English Language |date=1946 |page=334 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.64081}}</ref> juga bisa berarti untuk menggambarkan mata ular yang kelihatannya selalu terbuka dan setiap dari mata tersebut
==Afrika==
=== Mesir ===
[[File:Set speared Apep.jpg|thumb|left|Ilustrasi yang menggambarkan dewa [[Set (dewa)|Set]] yang menombak ular [[Apep]] dikarenakan ia menyerang [[perahu Matet|Perahu Surya]] dari [[Ra]] dalam artefak serat papyrus dari era Mesir Kuno]]
'''Apep'''; Nama/ejaan lain: ''Apophis'' merupakan sebuah makhluk berwujud ular dalam [[mitologi Mesir]], makhluk tersebut tinggal di [[Duat]] yang merupakan dunia bawah Mesir.{{sfn|Ogden|2013|page=11}}{{sfn|Niles|2013|page=35}} Artefak tersebut ditulis pada sekitar 310 SM pada serat papyrus Bhemner-Rhind dan sekaligus menjadi salah satu bukti dari kisah Mesir yang menyatakan bahwa terbenamnya matahari disebabkan oleh [[Ra]] yang berangkat ke Duat untuk melawan Apep.{{sfn|Ogden|2013|page=11}}{{sfn|Niles|2013|page=35}} Dalam beberapa tulisan lain disebutkan, bahwa Apep memiliki panjang delapan orang dewasa dengan kepala yang terbuat dari [[batu rijang]].{{sfn|Niles|2013|page=35}} Badai petir dan gempa bumi diyakini sebagai akibat dari rauman Apep{{sfn|Niles|2013|page=36}} dan [[gerhana matahari]] diyakini sebagai akibat dari Apep yang menyerang Ra pada siang hari.{{sfn|Niles|2013|page=36}}
== Pandangan Terhadap Naga ==
Baris 57 ⟶ 65:
* [[Sampung Kepala Naga Gambir Sawit]]
==
===Kutipan===
{{reflist}}
===Daftar pustaka===
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{{refend}}
== Pranala luar==
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