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Baris 1: {{Pp~~-semi-indef~~}}{{redirect\|~~small=yes~~Obama}} ~~{{redirect\|Obama}}~~ {{Untuk\|ayah Presiden Obama, ekonom Kenya\|Barack Obama, Sr.}} {{Infobox officeholder Baris 44 ⟶ 43: \| website = {{URL\|http://www.barackobama.com/}} \| footnotes = \| caption = ~~Foto~~Obama ~~Resmi~~pada tahun 2012 \| module = {{Listen\|pos=center\|embed=yes\|filename=President Obama on the death of Osama bin Laden.ogg\|title=Suara Barack Obama\|type=speech\|description=Obama pada saat [[kematian Osama bin Laden]]<br />Direkam pada 2 Mei 2011}} \| citizenship = <!-- use only when necessary per [[WP:INFONAT]] --> }} {{Barack Obama sidebar}} Baris 97 ⟶ 98: === Penggerak masyarakat Chicago dan Harvard Law School === Dua tahun setelah lulus, Obama bekerja sebagai direktur [[Developing Communities Project]] (DCP), sebuah organisasi masyarakat berbasis gereja yang awalnya terdiri dari 8 paroki ~~Katoli~~Katolik [[Roseland, Chicago\|Roseland]], [[West Pullman, Chicago\|West Pullman]], dan [[Riverdale, Chicago\|Riverdale]] di [[South Side, Chicago\|South Side]], Chicago. Ia bekerja di sana sebagai penggerak masyarakat pada bulan Juni 1985 sampai Mei 1988.<ref name="Who's Who 2008" /><ref>{{cite quick \|journal\|author=Lizza, Ryan\|date=March 19, 2007\|title=The agitator: Barack Obama's unlikely political education\|journal=The New Republic\|volume=236\|issue=12\|pages=22–26, 28–29\|issn=0028-6583\|url=http://www.tnr.com/article/the-agitator-barack-obamas-unlikely-political-education\|accessdate=August 21, 2007}} * {{cite quick \|news\|author=Secter, Bob; McCormick, John\|date=March 30, 2007\|title=Portrait of a pragmatist\|newspaper=Chicago Tribune\|page=1\|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-0703300121mar30-archive,0,2491692,full.story\|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20091214172131/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-0703300121mar30-archive,0,2491692,full.story\|accessdate=May 18, 2012\|archivedate=December 14, 2009}} * Obama (1995, 2004), pp. 140–295. Baris 112 ⟶ 113: * {{cite quick \|news\|author=Drummond, Tammerlin\|date=March 12, 1990\|title=Barack Obama's law; Harvard Law Review's first black president plans a life of public service\|newspaper=Los Angeles Times\|page=E1\|format=paid archive\|url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/60017156.html?dids=60017156:60017156&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT\|accessdate=June 15, 2008}} * {{cite quick \|journal\|author=Evans, Gaynelle\|date=March 15, 1990\|title=Opening another door: The saga of Harvard's Barack H. Obama\|journal=Black Issues in Higher Education\|volume=7\|issue=1\|page=5\|issn=0742-0277\|url=http://diverseeducation.com/article/11791/\|accessdate=May 18, 2012}} * {{cite quick \|news\|author=Pugh, Allison J. \|agency = Associated Press \|date=April 18, 1990\|title=Law Review's first black president aims to help poor\|newspaper=The Miami Herald\|page=C01 \|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_multi=MH%7C&p_product=MH&p_theme=realcities2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&s_site=miami&s_trackval=MH&s_search_type=keyword&s_dispstring=Law%20Review%27s%20first%20black%20president%20aims%20to%20help%20poor%20AND%20date%28all%29&p_field_advanced-0=&p_text_advanced-0=%28Law%20Review%27s%20first%20black%20president%20aims%20to%20help%20poor%29&xcal_numdocs=20&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&xcal_useweights=no\|accessdate=June 15, 2008}}</ref> Sepanjang musim panas, ia pulang ke Chicago, lalu bekerja sebagai [[jaksa pembantu\|jaksa]] di firma hukum [[Sidley Austin]] tahun 1989 dan [[Hopkins & Sutter]] tahun 1990.<ref>{{cite quick \|news\|author=Aguilar, Louis\|date=July 11, 1990\|title=Survey: Law firms slow to add minority partners\|newspaper=Chicago Tribune\|page=1 (Business)\|url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/28774085.html?dids=28774085:28774085&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT\|accessdate=June 15, 2008}}</ref> Setelah lulus dengan gelar [[Juris Doctor\|J.D.]] secara ''[[Latin honors#Types\|magna cum laude]]''<ref name="Juris Doctor" /> dari ~~Harvar~~[[Universitas Harvard\|Harvard]] tahun 1991, ia pulang ke Chicago.<ref name="Harvard Law 2007" /> Pemilihan Obama sebagai [[Daftar orang Afrika-Amerika pertama\|presiden ''Harvard Law Review'' berkulit hitam pertama]] menjadi perhatian media nasional<ref name="Harvard Law 1990a" /><ref name="Harvard Law 1990b" /> dan berujung pada ditandatanganinya kontrak penerbitan buku karya Obama tentang hubungan antarras,<ref name="Scott 2008a">{{cite quick \|news\|author=Scott, Janny\|date=May 18, 2008\|title=The story of Obama, written by Obama\|newspaper=The New York Times\|page=A1\|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/18/us/politics/18memoirs.html?pagewanted=all\|accessdate=June 15, 2008}} * Obama (1995, 2004), pp. xiii–xvii.</ref> yang berubah menjadi memoar pribadi. Buku karya Obama tersebut diterbitkan pada pertengahan 1995 dengan judul ''[[Dreams from My Father]]''.<ref name="Scott 2008a" /> Baris 159 ⟶ 160: Obama turut mensponsori [[Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act]].<ref>{{cite quick \|web\|first=109th Congress, 1st Session\|last=U.S. Senate\|title=S. 1033, Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act\|date=May 12, 2005\|url=http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d109:SN01033:\|publisher=Thomas\|accessdate=April 27, 2008}}</ref> Ia memperkenalkan dua inisiatif yang diberi nama dirinya: Lugar–Obama, yang memperluas konsep [[Nunn–Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction\|pengurangan risiko bersama Nunn–Lugar]] menjadi senjata api konvensional;<ref>{{cite quick \|web\|url=http://obama.senate.gov/press/070111-lugar-obama_non/\|title=Lugar–Obama Nonproliferation Legislation Signed into Law by the President\|date=January 11, 2007\|publisher=Richard Lugar U.S. Senate Office\|accessdate=April 27, 2008\|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20081218154746/http://obama.senate.gov/press/070111-lugar-obama_non/\|archivedate= December 18, 2008}} See also:{{cite quick \|news\|first=Richard G.\|last=Lugar\|coauthors=Barack Obama\|title=Junkyard Dogs of War\|date=December 3, 2005\|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/02/AR2005120201509.html\|work=The Washington Post\|accessdate=April 27, 2008}}</ref> dan [[Federal Funding Accountability and Transparency Act of 2006]], yang mengizinkan pembuatan USAspending.gov, mesin pencari anggaran federal di Internet.<ref>{{cite quick \|news\|first=John\|last=McCormack\|title=Google Government Gone Viral\|date=December 21, 2007\|url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/014/502njiqx.asp\|work=Weekly Standard\|accessdate=April 27, 2008\|archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080423235240/http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/014/502njiqx.asp\|archivedate= April 23, 2008\|deadurl= no}} See also:{{cite quick \|web\|title=President Bush Signs Coburn–Obama Transparency Act\|date=September 26, 2006\|url=http://coburn.senate.gov/ffm/index.cfm?FuseAction=LegislativeFloorAction.Home&ContentRecord_id=eb582f19-802a-23ad-41db-7a7cb464cfdb\|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080501233103/http://coburn.senate.gov/ffm/index.cfm?FuseAction=LegislativeFloorAction.Home&ContentRecord_id=eb582f19-802a-23ad-41db-7a7cb464cfdb\|archivedate=May 1, 2008\|publisher=Tom Coburn U.S. Senate Office\|accessdate=April 27, 2008}} and [http://www.USAspending.gov/ USAspending.gov]</ref> Tanggal 3 Juni 2008, Senator Obama—bersama Senator [[Tom Carper]], [[Tom Coburn]], dan [[John McCain]]—memperkenalkan RUU kelanjutannya, yaitu Strengthening Transparency and Accountability in Federal Spending Act of 2008.<ref>{{cite quick \|web\|url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/110/s3077\|title=S. 3077: Strengthening Transparency and Accountability in Federal Spending Act of 2008: 2007–2008 (110th Congress)\|publisher=Govtrack.us\|date=June 3, 2008\|accessdate=May 18, 2012}}</ref> Obama mensponsori RUU yang mewajibkan pemilik PLTN memberitahu kebocoran radioaktif kepada otoritas negara bagian dan wilayah setempat, namun gagal disahkan secara bulat setelah diubah besar-besaran oleh komite.<ref>{{cite quick \|news\|last=McIntire\|first=Mike\|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/03/us/politics/03exelon.html\|title=Nuclear Leaks and Response Tested Obama in Senate\|date=February 3, 2008\|work=The New York Times\|accessdate=April 27, 2008\|archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080512064208/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/03/us/politics/03exelon.html?\|archivedate= May 12, 2008\|deadurl= no}}</ref> Mengenai [[reformasi kerugian]], Obama memberi suaranya untuk [[Class Action Fairness Act of 2005]] dan [[Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 Amendments Act of 2008\|FISA Amendments Act of 2008]], yang memberikan imunitas kewajiban sipil kepada perusahaan-perusahaan telekomunikasi yang mematuhi operasi [[kontroversi pengawasan tanpa surat perintah NSA\|penyadapan tanpa surat perintah NSA]].<ref name="Fisher">{{cite quick \|news\|url=http://www.forbes.com/2008/08/08/obama-mccain-torts-biz-beltway-cz_df_0811torts.html\|title=November Election A Lawyer's Delight\|author=Fisher, Daniel\|work=Forbes\|date=August 11, 2008\|accessdate=January 11, 2009\|archiveurl=~~http~~https://archive.istoday/~~DeoA~~20120920224721/http://www.forbes.com/2008/08/08/obama-mccain-torts-biz-beltway-cz_df_0811torts.html\|archivedate=September 20, 2012}}</ref> [[Berkas:Lugar-Obama.jpg\|jmpl\|alt=Gray-haired man and Obama stand, wearing casual polo shirts. Obama wears sunglasses and holds something slung over his right shoulder.\|kiri\|250px\|Obama dan Sen. A.S. [[Richard Lugar]] (R-IN) mengunjungi sebuah fasilitas perombakan rudal bergerak di Rusia (Agustus 2005).<ref>{{cite quick \|web\|title=Nunn–Lugar Report\|month=August\|year=2005\|publisher=Richard Lugar U.S. Senate Office\|url=http://lugar.senate.gov/nunnlugar/pdf/trip_report_2005.pdf\|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080501002134/http://lugar.senate.gov/nunnlugar/pdf/trip_report_2005.pdf\|archivedate=May 1, 2008\|accessdate=April 30, 2008\|format=PDF}}</ref>]] Baris 668 ⟶ 669: {{artikel bagus}} ~~{{Persondata~~ ~~\|NAME = Obama, Barack~~ ~~\|ALTERNATIVE NAMES =~~ ~~\|SHORT DESCRIPTION = Politikus Amerika Serikat, Presiden Amerika Serikat ke-44~~ ~~\|DATE OF BIRTH = 4 Agustus 1961~~ ~~\|PLACE OF BIRTH = Honolulu, Hawaii, Amerika Serikat~~ ~~\|DATE OF DEATH =~~ ~~\|PLACE OF DEATH =~~ }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Obama, Barack}} [[Kategori:Barack Obama\| ]]