Mistikisme: Perbedaan antara revisi
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k Turmadan memindahkan halaman Mistisisme ke Mistikisme |
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== Pendapat-pendapat ==
Menurut buku De Kleine W.P. Encylopaedie (1950, Mr. G.B.J. Hiltermann dan Prof.Dr.P. Van De Woestijne halaman 971 dibawah kata '''''mystiek''''') kata mistik berasal dari bahasa Yunani ''myein'' yang artinya menutup mata (''de ogen sluiten'') dan ''musterion'' yang artinya suatu rahasia (''geheimnis'').
Beberapa pendapat tentang paham misitk atau mistisisme
* Kepercayaan tentang adanya kontak antara manusia bumi (''aardse mens'') dan tuhan (Dr. C.B. Van Haeringen, Nederlands Woordenboek, 1948).
* Kepercayaan tentang persatuan mesra (''innige vereneging'') ruh manusia (''ziel'') dengan Tuhan (Dr. C.B. Van Haeringen, Nederlands Woordenboek, 1948).
Baris 14 ⟶ 13:
* Kecenderungan hati (neiging) kepada kepercayaan yang menakjubkan (''wondergeloof'') atau kepada ilmu yang rahasia (''geheime wetenschap''). (Algemeene Kunstwoordentolk, J. Kramers. Jz).
== Ajaran dan Sumbernya ==
=== Subyektif ===
Selain serba mistis, ajarannya juga serba subyektif tidak
Biasanya tokohnya sangat dimuliakan, diagungkan bahkan diberhalakan (dimitoskan, dikultuskan) oleh penganutnya karena dianggap memiliki '''keistimewaan''' pribadi yang disebut '''kharisma'''. Anggapan adanya keistimewaan ini dapat disebabkan oleh
# Pernah melakukan kegiatan yang istimewa.
# Pernah mengatasi kesulitan, penderitaan, bencana atau bahaya yang mengancam dirinya apalagi masyarakat umum.
Baris 34 ⟶ 33:
=== Abstrak dan Spekulatif ===
Materinya serba abstrak artinya tidak
Pembicaraannya serba berpanjang-panjang, serba berlebih-lebihan dalam arti melebihi kewajaran atau melebihi pengetahuan dan pengertiannya sendiri (meski sudah mengakui tidak tahu, masih mencoba memungkin-mungkinkan). Oleh karena itu di kalangan penganut paham mistik tidak dikenal pembahasan disiplin mengenai ajarannya sebagaimana yang berlaku dalam diskusi atau munaqasyah.
Baris 40 ⟶ 39:
# '''Kurang puas yang berlebihan''', bagi orang-orang yang hidup beragama secara bersungguh-sungguh merasa kurang puas dengan hidup menghamba kepada tuhan menurut ajaran agamanya yang ada saja.
# '''Rasa kecewa yang berlebihan''', Orang yang hidupnya kurang bersungguh-sungguh dalam beragama atau orang yang tidak beragama merasa kecewa sekali melihat hasil usaha umat manusia di bidang science dan teknologi yang semula diandalkan dan diagungkan ternyata tidak dapat mendatangkan ketertiban, ketentraman dan kebahagiaan hidup. Malah mendatangkan hal-hal yang sebaliknya. Mereka 'lari' dari kehidupan modern menuju ke kehidupan yang serba subyektif, abstrak dan spekulatif sesuai dengan kedudukan sosialnya.
Di antara mereka masih ada yang '''berusaha merasionalkan''' ajaran paham mistik yang dianutnya, dan ada pula yang tegas-tegas lepas sama sekali dari tuntutan kemajuan zaman ini. Kendati demikian, paham mistik dapat menanam standar etika dan [[moral]] dalam tatanan peradaban. Walaupun paham mistik biasanya disampaikan menggunakan perumpamaan, didalamnya sebenarnya terdapat nilai yang dapat direnungkan dan masih relevan untuk diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Agama]]
* [[Tuhan]]
* [[Adat]]
* [[Sakral]]
== Referensi ==
sumber: MH Amien Jaiz, Masalah Mistik Tasawuf & Kebatinan (PT Alma'arif, Bandung, Cetakan 1980)
== Sumber ==
=== Sumber yang diterbitkan ===
{{refbegin|33em}}
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{{refend}}
=== Web-sumber ===
{{reflist|33em|group=web}}
== Bacaan lebih lanjut ==
{{refbegin|33em}}<!-- Alphabetic order, please -->
* {{cite book|author= [[Meher Baba|Baba, Meher]]|title= ''Discourses''|url= http://www.discoursesbymeherbaba.org|publisher=Sheriar Foundation|location=Myrtle Beach, S.C.|year=1995|oclc=|doi= }}
* Daniels, P., Horan A. ''Mystic Places''. Alexandria, Time-Life Books, 1987.
* Dasgupta, S. N. ''Hindu Mysticism''. New York: F. Ungar Publishing Co., 1927, "republished 1959". xx, 168 p.
* Dinzelbacher, Peter. ''Mystik und Natur. Zur Geschichte ihres Verhältnisses vom Altertum bis zur Gegenwart''. (Theophrastus Paracelsus Studien, 1) Berlin, 2009.
* Elior, Rachel, ''Jewish Mysticism: The Infinite Expression of Freedom'', Oxford. Portland, Oregon: The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2007.
* Fanning, Steven., ''Mystics of the Christian Tradition.'' New York: [[Routledge Press]], 2001.
* {{cite book|last = Jacobsen|first = Knut A. (Editor)|coauthors= Larson, Gerald James (Editor)|year = 2005|title = Theory And Practice of Yoga: Essays in Honour of Gerald James Larson|publisher = Brill Academic Publishers (Studies in the History of Religions, 110)|url = http://books.google.com/books?id=TDGFFNYvrokC }}
* Harmless, William, '' Mystics''. Oxford, 2008.
* King, Ursula. ''Christian Mystics: Their Lives and Legacies Throughout the Ages''. London: Routledge 2004.
* Kroll, Jerome, Bernard Bachrach. ''The Mystic Mind: The Psychology of Medieval Mystics and Ascetics''. New York and London: Routledge, 2005.
* Langer, Otto. ''Christliche Mystik im Mittelalter. Mystik und Rationalisierung – Stationen eines Konflikts''. Darmstadt, 2004.
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* [[Jeffrey Masson|Masson, Jeffrey]] and Terri C. Masson. ''Buried Memories on the Acropolis. Freud's Relation to Mysticism and Anti-Semitism''. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, Volume 59, 1978, pages 199-208.
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{{refend}}
== Pranala luar ==
{{wikisource|Category:Mysticism|Mysticism}}
{{Wikiquote|Mysticism}}
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikibooks}}
* [http://www.dinur.org/resources/resourceCategoryDisplay.aspx?categoryid=450&rsid=478 Resources - Medieval Jewish History - Jewish Mysticism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216121145/http://www.dinur.org/resources/resourceCategoryDisplay.aspx?categoryid=450&rsid=478 |date=2011-12-16 }} The Jewish History Resource Center, The [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]]
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mysticism/ "Mysticism"] ''[[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]''
* [http://hirr.hartsem.edu/ency/Mysticism.htm "Mysticism"] ''Encyclopedia of Religion and Society''
* [http://ibcsr.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=147:removal-of-portions-of-the-parietal-occipital-cortex-enhances-self-transcendence&catid=25:research-news&Itemid=59 "Self-transcendence enhanced by removal of portions of the parietal-occipital cortex"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008155922/http://ibcsr.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=147:removal-of-portions-of-the-parietal-occipital-cortex-enhances-self-transcendence&catid=25:research-news&Itemid=59 |date=2011-10-08 }} Article from the [http://ibcsr.org/ Institute for the Biocultural Study of Religion]
* [http://www.thezensite.com/ZenEssays/Philosophical/Problems-posed-by-Shaku-Soens-Zen.pdf Shaku soens influence on western notions of mysticism]
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