Kebahagiaan Nasional Bruto: Perbedaan antara revisi

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif

← Revisi sebelumnya

Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan

VisualTeks wiki

Revisi per 26 Februari 2017 09.27 sunting Pierrewee (bicara \| kontrib) Pengurus 41.727 suntingan →Asal usul ← Revisi sebelumnya		Revisi terkini sejak 3 Agustus 2024 07.44 sunting balikkan AABot (bicara \| kontrib) Bot, Pengecualian blokir IP 912.997 suntingan k Bot: Mengganti kategori yang dialihkan Ekonomi lingkungan menjadi Ekonomika lingkungan Tag: paws [2.2]
(12 revisi perantara oleh 5 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1: [[~~File~~Berkas:Bhutan Gross National Happiness.jpg\|~~thumb~~jmpl\|upright=1.2\|~~right~~ka\|Slogan mengenai Kebahagiaan Nasional Bruto di Sekolah ~~Thimphu~~ Kesenian Tradisional Thimphu]] {{Buddhisme\|budaya}} '''Kebahagiaan Nasional Bruto''' ('''KNB''') ([[bahasa Inggris]]: '''''Gross National Happiness''''', '''GNH''') adalah suatu pengukuran kebahagiaan kolektif dalam suatu bangsa. == Sejarah == === Asal usul === Pada tahun 1970-an, [[Negara berkembang\|negera-negara berkembang]] berfokus dalam meningkatkan kesuksesan ekonomi untuk membantu mengembangkan [[kemakmuran]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book\|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=AuzQDQAAQBAJ\|title=Gross National Happiness: Why Happiness Matters for America--and how We Can Get More of it\|last=Brooks\|first=Arthur C.\|date=2008-01-01\|publisher=Basic Books\|isbn=0465002781\|language=en}}</ref> Namun, [[Daftar ~~penguasa~~Raja Bhutan\|Raja]] [[Bhutan]], [[Jigme Singye Wangchuck]], percaya bahwa pendekatan ekonomi membuat proses pembangunan menjadi tidak manusiawi.<ref name=":0" /> Sebagai gantinya, Wangchuck memutuskan untuk fokus pada konsep yang dia namakan "Kebahagiaan Nasional Bruto".<ref name=":0" /> Di Bhutan, kebahagiaan dikejar dengan membatasi akses terhadap kebudayaan asing.<ref name=":0" /> Kesuksesan suatu negara akan diukur dengan kebahagiaan warganya yang ada.<ref name=":0" /> ==~~Referensi~~ Lihat pula == * [[Pendapatan Nasional Bruto]] ~~{{reflist}}~~ == Referensi == === Catatan kaki === {{Reflist\|30em}} === Kutipan karya === {{Refbegin}} * Adler Braun, Alejandro. ''Gross National Happiness in Bhutan: A Living Example of an Alternative Approach to Progress,'' 24 September 2009. http://www.grossnationalhappiness.com/OtherArticles/GNHPaperbyAlejandro.pdf {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711131425/http://www.grossnationalhappiness.com/OtherArticles/GNHPaperbyAlejandro.pdf \|date=2011-07-11 }} * Confucious. ''Analects'' 13:16. http://ctext.org/analects/zi-lu/ * Diener, Ed and Robert-Biswas Diener. ''Happiness – Unlocking the Mysteries of Psychological Wealth''. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2008. 290 pages. ISBN 978-1-4051-4661-6. * Eric Zencey, "GDP RIP," New York Times, 9 August 2009 [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/10/opinion/10zencey.html] * Eric Ezechieli, "Beyond Sustainable Development: Education for Gross National Happiness in Bhutan" http://suse-ice.stanford.edu/monographs/Ezechieli.pdf, Stanford University, 2003 * {{cite journal \| last1 = Kammann \| first1 = R \| year = 1984 \| title = The Analysis and Measurement of Happiness as a Sense of Well-Being \| url = \| journal = [[Social Indicators Research]] \| volume = 15 \| issue = 2\| pages = 91–115 \| doi=10.1007/bf00426282}} * Layard, Richard (2005), ''Happiness: Lessons from a New Science'', Penguin Press, ISBN 0-14-303701-3 * {{cite book \|author1=Niestroy, Ingeborg \|author2=García Schmidt, Armando \|author3=Esche, Andreas \|title="Bhutan: Paradigms Matter", in: Bertelsmann Stiftung (ed.): ''Winning Strategies for a Sustainable Future. Reinhard Mohn Prize 2013''. \|publisher=Verlag Bertelsmann Stiftung, Gütersloh \|year=2013 \|isbn=978-3-86793-491-6 \|pages=55–80. \|URL=http://www.bertelsmann-stiftung.de/cps/rde/xbcr/SID-2C7F153D-E44AA8C0/bst_engl/xcms_bst_dms_38892_39011_2.pdf }} * Powdyel, T.S. "Gross National Happiness, A Tribute," Gross National Happiness, Kinga, Sonam, et al. (eds) (1999), Thimphu: The Center for Bhutan Studies * Priesner, Stefan (2004), Indigeneity and Universality in Social Science: A South Asian Response, SAGE Publications, ISBN 0-7619-3215-1 * Thinley, L. (October 1998). Values and Development: "Gross National Happiness." Speech presented at the Millennium Meeting for Asia and the Pacific, Seoul, Republic of Korea. {{Refend}} == Pranala luar == {{Wikiquote}} * Nadia Mustafa, [http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1016266,00.html?promoid=rss_top "What About Gross National Happiness?"] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311193329/http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1016266,00.html?promoid=rss_top \|date=2007-03-11 }}, [[Time (magazine)\|Time]], 10 January 2005 * [[Rajni Bakshi]], [http://www.alternet.org/envirohealth/21083/ "Gross National Happiness"] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725160344/http://www.alternet.org/envirohealth/21083/ \|date=2008-07-25 }}, ''Resurgence'', 25 January 2005 * International Institute of Management – US based GHN research, [http://www.iim-edu.org/grossnationalhappiness/ GNH policy white paper] * Bhutan 2008 [http://2008.bhutan-360.com/2007/11/25/gross-national-happiness/ Paeans to the King] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121215814/http://2008.bhutan-360.com/2007/11/25/gross-national-happiness/ \|date=2008-11-21 }} * [http://www.earth.columbia.edu/sitefiles/file/Sachs%20Writing/2012/World%20Happiness%20Report.pdf World Happiness Report] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2jf9xrnUjpI Bhutan, Gross National Happiness and Sustainable Development – YouTube] (12:31) * [http://www.gnhindex.org Gross National Happiness Survey, Global] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607164037/http://gnhindex.org/ \|date=2013-06-07 }} [[Kategori:Ekonomi Bhutan]] [[Kategori:Etika ~~Terapan~~terapan]] [[Kategori:Ideologi ekonomi]] [[Kategori:~~Ekonomi~~Ekonomika lingkungan]] [[Kategori:Indikator makroekonomi]] [[Kategori:Kebahagiaan]]