Danau Tahoe: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{Kotak info danau
| lake_name = Danau Tahoe
| image_lake = Lake Tahoe by Sentinel-2.jpg
| caption_lake = Danau Tahoe
| image_bathymetry =
| caption_bathymetry =
| coords = {{coor dm|39|6|N|120|6|W|region:US_type:waterbody}}
| type = [[sesar bongkah]]
| inflow =
| outflow = [[Sungai Truckee]]
| catchment =
| basin_countries = [[
| length = 35 km
| width = 19 km
| area = 500 km²
| depth = 301 m
| max-depth = 501 m
| volume = 151 km³
| shore = 114 km
| elevation = 1.899 m
| islands =
| cities = [[South Lake Tahoe, California]]<br />[[Stateline, Nevada]]<br />[[Tahoe City, California]]
}}
'''Danau Tahoe''' adalah sebuah [[danau]] [[air tawar]] di pegunungan [[Sierra Nevada (AS)|Sierra Nevada]], yang terletak di perbatasan antara negara bagian [[California]] dan [[Nevada]] di Amerika Serikat, dekat [[Carson City, Nevada|Carson City]]. Sekitar dua pertiga garis pantainya berada di California. Di daerah ini, yang dirujuk sebagai '''Tahoe''', terdapat sejumlah tempat bermain [[resort ski|ski]] dan rekreasi tempat terbuka di musim panas.
Danau ini adalah yang kedua terdalam di Amerika Serikat,<ref name="Tahoe Facts">[http://tahoe.usgs.gov/facts.html Facts About Lake Tahoe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130411090054/http://tahoe.usgs.gov/facts.html |date=2013-04-11 }}. ''Lake Tahoe Data Clearinghouse.''</ref> yang ke-11 terdalam di dunia, dan keempat dari segi rata-rata kedalamannya.<ref name="lakes of Earth">
== Geografi ==
[[Berkas:lake-tahoe.jpg|300px|
Danau Tahoe adalah salah satu danau terdalam (501 m), terluas (497
Meskipun pada sebagian besar lingkaran Danau Tahoe jalan raya melintas dalam jarak cukup dekat sehingga tepi danau dapat terlihat, beberapa bagian penting dari garis pantai California kini berada dalam lingkungan taman negara bagian atau dilindungi oleh Dinas Kehutanan Amerika Serikat. Panjang Danau Tahoe sekitar 35
Basin Danau Tahoe terbentuk oleh suatu patahan gugus geologis (normal) sekitar 2 hingga 3 juta tahun yang lalu. Patahan gugus geologis adalah suatu patahan dalam lempengan bumi yang menyebabkan gugus-gugus tanah menaik atau menurun. Gugus-gugus yang menaik menciptakan [[Carson Range]] di sebelah timur dan [[Sierra Nevada (AS)|Sierra Nevada]] di sebelah barat. Gugus-gugus yang menurun menciptakan Basin Danau Tahoe di antaranya. Sebagian dari puncak-puncak tertinggi dari Basin Danau Tahoe Basin yang terbentuk dalam proses ini adalah [[Puncak Freel]] dengan ketinggian 3320 m, Puncak Monument (3068 m) (Daerah Ski Heavenly Valley sekarang), Puncak Pyramid (3043 m) (di Gurun Desolation), dan Gunung Tallac (2967 m).
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<!--Emerald Bay State Park. A view from the east side of the lake-->
Rata-rata presipitasi berkisar antara lebih dari 140
Vegetation in the basin is dominated by a mixed conifer forest of Jeffrey pine (P. Jeffreyi), lodgepole pine (P. murrayana), white fir (Abies concolor), and red fir (A. magnifica). The basin also contains significant areas of wet meadows and riparian areas, dry meadows, brush fields (with Arctostaphylos and Ceanothus) and rock outcrop areas, especially at higher elevations. Ceanothus is capable of fixing nitrogen, but mountain alder (Alnus tenuifolia), which grows along many of the basin’s streams, springs and seeps, fixes far greater quantities, and contributes measurably to nitrate-N concentrations in some small streams.
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In spite of land-use planning and export of treated sewage effluent from the basin, the lake is becoming increasingly eutrophic (richer in nutrients), with primary productivity increasing by more than 5% annually, and clarity decreasing at an average rate of 0.25 meters per year. Fine sediment, much of it resulting from land disturbance in the basin, accounts for about half of the loss in clarity.
Until the early 1980s, nutrient limitation studies showed that primary productivity in the lake was nitrogen-limited. Now, after a half-century of accelerated nitrogen input (much of it from direct atmospheric deposition), the lake is phosphorus-limited. Because the volume of the lake is so large (156 km³) and its hydraulic residence time so long (about 650 years), its eutrophication may be essentially irreversible.
Lake Tahoe never freezes. Since 1970, it has mixed to a depth of at least 400 m a total of 6 or 7 times. Dissolved oxygen is relatively high from top to bottom.
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== Tourist activities ==
Much of the area surrounding Lake Tahoe is devoted to the tourism industry and there are many restaurants, ski slopes and [[casino]]s catering to visitors.
===Winter sports===
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*[[Homewood Ski Resort]]: a medium sized ski area on the west shore
*[[Mount Rose]]: a medium sized ski area north-east of the Lake, on Slide Mountain
For an instant overview of the locations and conditions of Tahoe ski resorts, see [http://www.skibonk.com/ski/index.jsp?query=tahoe Ski Bonk's resort map].
Scattered throughout Tahoe are public and private [[sled]] parks. Some, such as Granlibakken are equipped with [[rope tow]]s to help sledders get up the hill.
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== Aneka rupa ==
* Meskipun Danau Tahoe adalah sebuah danau alamiah, danau ini juga digunakan sebagai penampungan air oleh [[Distrik Irigasi Truckee-Carson]] (TCID). Permukaan danau ini dikendalikan dengan sebuah [[bendungan]] di buangan satu-satunya danau ini, yaitu [[Sungai Truckee]], di [[Tahoe City]]. Bendungan ini hanya meningkatkan kapasitas danau ini sebanyak 732.000 ''acre-feet'' dan hanya mengatur batas 6 kaki tertinggi dari danau ini.
* [[Bandara Internasional Reno/Tahoe]] di [[Reno, Nevada]] dan kendaraan [[Chevrolet Tahoe]] dinamai seturut dengan danau ini.
* Di Pantai Utara terdapat [[Cal Neva Resort]] (yang pernah dimiliki oleh [[Frank Sinatra]]) yang dilintasi garis batas antar negara bagian (bahkan juga melalui kolam renangnya).
* [[Mark Twain]] secara tidak sengaja menyebabkan kebakaran hutan di Danau Tahoe seperti yang digambarkan dalam Bab XXIII bukunya [[Roughing It]].▼
* Kejuaraan Vans Tahoe diadakan di [[Northstar-at-Tahoe]].▼
▲*[[Mark Twain]] secara tidak sengaja menyebabkan kebakaran hutan di Danau Tahoe seperti yang digambarkan dalam Bab XXIII bukunya [[Roughing It]].
▲*Kejuaraan Vans Tahoe diadakan di [[Northstar-at-Tahoe]].
▲[[Berkas:TahoePanorama.jpg|center|thumb|500px|[[Panorama]] Danau Tahoe dari Squaw Valley.]]
== Puncak dan gunung-gunung (dalam kaki) ==
* Gn. Tallac (9,735')
* Gn. Pluto (8,610')
* Puncak Rubicon (9,183')
* Puncak Genoa (9,150')
* Puncak Freel (10,881')
* Gn. Rose (10,778')
* Puncak Ellis (8,740')
* Puncak Scott (8,289')
* Puncak Ward (8,637')
* Puncak Dick (9,974')
* [[Puncak Maggies]] (8,699')
* Puncak Jakes (9,187')
* Puncak Monument (10,067')
* Puncak Duane Bliss (8,729')
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Taman Negara Emerald Bay]]
* [[Danau Mono]]
* [[Danau Clear]]
* [[Danau Pyramid]]
* [[Danau Washoe]]
* [[Danau Fallen Leaf, California]]
== Catatan kaki ==
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== Rujukan terpilih ==
* [http://www.tahoe.com/article/20060201/COMMUNITY07/11113035] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100402124142/http://www.tahoe.com/article/20060201/COMMUNITY07/11113035 |date=2010-04-02 }} Tahoe.com - The naming of Tahoe's mountains
* Byron, E. R., dan C. R. Goldman, 1989. Land use and water quality in tributary streams of Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada. Jour. Environ. Qual. 18: 84-88.
* Chang, C. C. Y., J. S. Kuwabara, dan S. P. Pasilis. 1992. Phosphate and iron limitation of phytoplankton biomass in Lake Tahoe. Can. Jour. Fish. and Aquatic Sci. 49: 1206-1215.
* Coats, R. N., dan C. R. Goldman, 2001. Patterns of nitrogen transport in streams of the Lake Tahoe basin, California-Nevada. Water Resour. Res. 37: 405-415.
* Coats, R. N., J. Perez-Losada, G. Schladow, R. Richards dan C. R. Goldman. 2006. The Warming of Lake Tahoe. Climatic Change (In Press).
* Gardner, J., V., A. M. Larry, dan J. H. Clarke. 1998. The bathymetry of Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-509.
* Goldman, C. R., A. Jassby, dan T. Powell. 1989. Interannual fluctuations in primary production: meteorological forcing at two subalpine lakes. Limnol. Oceanogr. 34: 310-323.
* Goldman, C. R., A. D. Jassby, dan S. H. Hackley. 1993. Decadal, interannual, and seasonal variability in enrichment bioassays at Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada, USA. Can.J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 50: 1489-1496.
* Hatch, L. K., J. E. Reuter, dan C. R. Goldman, 2001. Stream phosphorus transport in the Lake Tahoe Basin, 1989-1996. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 69: 63-83.
* Jassby, A. D., C. R. Goldman, dan T. M. Powell. 1992. Trend, seasonality, cycle, and irregular fluctuations in primary productivity at Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada, USA. Hydrobiol. 246: 195-203.
* Jassby, A. D., J. E. Reuter, R. P. Axler, C. R. Goldman, dan S. H. Hackley, 1994. Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus in the annual nutrient load of Lake Tahoe (California-Nevada). Water Resour. Res. 30: 2207-2216.
* Jassby, A. D., C. R. Goldman dan J. E. Reuter. 1995. Long-term change in Lake Tahoe (California-Nevada, U.S.A.) and its relation to atmospheric deposition of algal nutrients. Arch. Hydrobiol. 135: 1-21.
* Jassby, A. D., C. R. Goldman, J. E. Reuter, dan R. C. Richards. 1999. Origins and scale dependence of temporal variability in the transparency of Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada. Limnol. Oceanog. 44: 282-294.
* Jassby, A., J. Reuter, dan C. R. Goldman. 2003. Determining long-term water -quality change in the presence of climate variability: Lake Tahoe (U.S.A.). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 60: 1452-1461.
* Leonard, R. L., L. A. Kaplan, J. F. Elder, R. N. Coats, dan C. R. Goldman, 1979. Nutrient Transport in Surface Runoff from a Subalpine Watershed, Lake Tahoe Basin, California. Ecological Monographs 49: 281-310.
* Nagy, M., 2003. Lake Tahoe Basin Framework Study Groundwater Evaluation Lake Tahoe Basin, California and Nevada. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Sacramento, CA.
* Naslas, G. D., W. W. Miller, R. R. Blank dan G. F. Gifford, 1994. Sediment, nitrate, and ammonium in surface runoff from two Tahoe basin soil types. Water Resour. Bull. 30: 409-417.
* Richards, R. C., C. R. Goldman, E. Byron, dan C. Levitan, 1991. The mysids and lake trout of Lake Tahoe: A 25-year history of changes in the fertility, plankton, and fishery of an alpine lake. Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 9: 30-38.
* Schuster, S., dan M. E. Grismer, 2004. Evaluation of water quality projects in the Lake Tahoe Basin. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 90: 225-242.
== Pranala luar ==
{{commonscat|Lake Tahoe}}
* [http://tahoe.usgs.gov/ Lake Tahoe Data Clearinghouse] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028100430/http://tahoe.usgs.gov/ |date=2007-10-28 }} - USGS/Western Geographic Science Center
* [http://www.trpa.org/ Tahoe Regional Planning Agency] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126145318/http://www.trpa.org/ |date=2020-11-26 }}
* [http://www.rntl.net/tahoecam.htm TAHOE CAM ~Live webcam~]
* [http://www.lake-tahoe-california-hotels.com/lake-tahoe-web-cam.php Lake Tahoe]{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Webcam from 3 Peaks Resort
* [http://terc.ucdavis.edu/ Tahoe Environmental Research Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019215140/https://tahoe.ucdavis.edu/ |date=2020-10-19 }} - UC Davis research & outreach
* [http://remote.ucdavis.edu/tahoe_location.asp Lake Tahoe REMOTE Meteorological Data Sites] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080329183429/http://remote.ucdavis.edu/tahoe_location.asp |date=2008-03-29 }}
* [http://endeavor.des.ucdavis.edu/newcara/basin.asp?cara_id=56 Lake Tahoe Watershed] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050126012133/http://endeavor.des.ucdavis.edu/newcara/basin.asp?cara_id=56 |date=2005-01-26 }}- California Rivers Assessment database
* [http://www.fs.fed.us/r5/ltbmu/ Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit] - USDA Forest Service
* [http://www.flickr.com/groups/tahoe/ Lake Tahoe Photographs] - Lake Tahoe group at Flickr
* [http://www.tahoelocals.com Tahoe Locals] - Local Resource Guide
* [http://www.pbase.com/montecarloss/lake_tahoe_immigration_rally Lake Tahoe Immigration Rally Photographs]
* [http://www.keeptahoeblue.org League to Save Lake Tahoe] -environmental watchdog organization
* [http://www.tahoebaikal.org Tahoe-Baikal Institute] -international environmental organization
* [http://www.aboutlaketahoe.com/ Guide, Forums, and over 2,000 tahoe area photos] from AboutLakeTahoe.com
* [http://tahoe.usgs.gov/facts.html USGS facts about Lake Tahoe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130411090054/http://tahoe.usgs.gov/facts.html |date=2013-04-11 }} - PD source
<!--{{Geolinks-US-cityscale|39.09|-120.04}}-->
{{Negara bagian California}}
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[[Kategori:Danau di Amerika Serikat]]
[[Kategori:Resort ski di Amerika Serikat]]
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