Letusan dan tsunami Hunga Tonga 2022: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{penjelasan singkat|Letusan gunung berapi dan tsunami di Hunga Tonga}}
{{Infobox eruption
| name = Letusan dan tsunami Hunga Tonga 2022
| image = Tonga Volcano Eruption 2022-01-15
| caption = Animasi satelit dari semburan abu awal dan ledakan sonik pada tanggal 15 Januari selama periode 1 jam 40 menit
| start_date =
| end_date =
| volcano = [[Hunga Tonga]]
| type =
| location = [[Samudra Pasifik]], [[Tonga]]
| coordinates = {{coord|20.550|S|175.385|W|name=Hunga Tonga}}
| VEI = 6
| map = {{Location map|Tonga#Samudra Pasifik
| width = 250
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| mark = Mountain sign.svg
| marksize =
}}
| map_caption =
| impact =
}}
Letusan besar [[Hunga Tonga]], sebuah pulau vulkanik di [[Tonga]] di [[Samudra Pasifik]], terjadi pada 14 dan 15 Januari 2022. Hunga Tonga terletak 65 km di utara [[Tongatapu]], pulau utama Tonga dan dan merupakan bagian dari [[busur vulkanik]] Tonga–[[Kepulauan Kermadec]] yang sangat aktif, [[zona subduksi]] yang membentang dari utara-timur laut Selandia Baru hingga Fiji.<ref>{{cite gvp |vn=243040 |name=Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai}}</ref><ref>Clift, Peter D.; Rose, Estelle F.; Shimizu, Nobumichi; Layne, Graham D.; Draut, Amy E.; and Regelous, Marcel. "Tracing the Evolving Flux From the Subducting Plate in the Tonga-Kermadec Arc System Using Boron in Volcanic Glass." ''Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta.'' 65:19 (October 2001). {{doi|10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00670-6}}</ref><ref name="Gupta">Gupta, Alok K. ''Igneous Rocks.'' Mumbai, India: Allied Publishers, 1998. {{ISBN|81-7023-784-X}}</ref> Letusan ini menyebabkan [[tsunami]] di Tonga,
==
Setelah cenderung tidak aktif sejak 2014,<ref>{{cite news|first=Aina J.|last=Khan|title=Tsunami Reported in Tonga After an Underwater Volcano Eruption|date=15 January 2022|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/15/world/asia/tonga-volcano-tsunami.html|access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref> gunung berapi [[Hunga Tonga]] meletus pada 20 Desember 2021 dengan mengirimkan partikulat ke stratosfer dan gumpalan abu besar yang terlihat dari ibu kota [[Tonga]] [[Nuku'alofa]] (sekitar 70 km dari gunung berapi).<ref name=MT2021a/>
[[Berkas:G17 sector tsp GEOCOLOR 24fr 20220115-0412.gif|
Tsunami biasanya dipicu oleh [[gempa bumi]] alih-alih gunung berapi.<ref name=kreiger_15012022>{{cite news|first=Lisa M.|last=Krieger|title=Volcanic tsunamis: Why they are so difficult to predict|date=15 January 2022|newspaper=The Mercury News|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2022/01/15/volcanic-tsunamis-why-they-are-so-difficult-to-predict/|access-date=16 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Nick |last=Perry|title=Tsunami threat recedes from huge Pacific volcanic eruption|date=16 January 2022|newspaper=The Washington Post|agency=AP|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/tonga-issues-tsunami-warning-after-undersea-volcano-erupts/2022/01/15/a0ea00b2-75d6-11ec-a26d-1c21c16b1c93_story.html|access-date=16 January 2022}}</ref> Kurang dari 100 tsunami vulkanik tercatat dalam dua abad sebelumnya.<ref name=kreiger_15012022/>▼
[[File:Shockwave from Hunga Tonga GOES 17.gif|thumb|240px|Gelombang kejut letusan Hunga Tonga]]
Sebuah letusan besar yang bermula pada 14 Januari mengirimkan awan abu sejauh 20 kilometer ke atmosfer. Pemerintah Tonga mengeluarkan peringatan tsunami kepada warga.<ref name="RNZ 1">{{cite news |title=Underwater volcano Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai erupts again |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/459572/underwater-volcano-hunga-tonga-hunga-ha-apai-erupts-again |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[Radio New Zealand]] |date=14 January 2022 |archive-date=14 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114115608/https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/459572/underwater-volcano-hunga-tonga-hunga-ha-apai-erupts-again |url-status=live
Keesokan harinya, letusan yang jauh lebih besar terjadi sekitar 17:15 (04:15 UTC).<ref name="ANSS5.8">{{cite web|date=15 January 2022|title=M 5.8 Volcanic Eruption - 68 km NNW of Nuku'alofa, Tonga|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/pt22015050/executive|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20220117103554/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/pt22015050/executive|archive-date=17 January 2022|access-date=15 January 2022|publisher=USGS}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> VAAC kembali menerbitkan pemberitahuan kepada maskapai penerbangan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vaac.metservice.com/dynamic/vaa/243040_2022_18.txt |title=VA ADVISORY |publisher=VAAC Wellington |date=15 January 2022 |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115055857/http://vaac.metservice.com/dynamic/vaa/243040_2022_18.txt |archive-date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Abu dari letusan ini mendarat di pulau utama Tonga sehingga menutupi matahari dan mengubah siang menjadi malam. Ledakan keras terdengar di Nuku'alofa serta batu-batu kecil dan abu menghujani dari langit.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kanivatonga.nz/2022/01/new-tsunami-warning-as-waves-hitting-tonga/ |title=New tsunami warning as waves hitting Tonga |publisher=Kaniva Tonga |date=15 January 2022 |access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Banyak penduduk di Tonga terjebak dalam kemacetan saat mencoba melarikan diri ke tempat yang lebih tinggi.<ref name="Cheer">{{cite news |author1=Louise Cheer |title=Tsunami hits Tonga after 'catastrophic' volcano eruption |url=https://au.news.yahoo.com/tsunami-hits-tonga-after-catastrophic-volcano-eruption-060809732.html |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=Yahoo News Australia |date=15 January 2022}}</ref>
▲[[Berkas:G17 sector tsp GEOCOLOR 24fr 20220115-0412.gif|jmpl|ki|upright=1.2|Pengamatan letusan selama empat jam di atas Samudra Pasifik selatan dari satelit [[GOES-17|GOES-West]].]]
▲Sebuah letusan besar yang bermula pada 14 Januari mengirimkan awan abu sejauh 20 kilometer ke atmosfer.<ref name="RNZ 1">{{cite news |title=Underwater volcano Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai erupts again |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/459572/underwater-volcano-hunga-tonga-hunga-ha-apai-erupts-again |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[Radio New Zealand]] |date=14 January 2022 |archive-date=14 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114115608/https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/459572/underwater-volcano-hunga-tonga-hunga-ha-apai-erupts-again |url-status=live}}</ref> Pemerintah Tonga mengeluarkan peringatan tsunami kepada warga.<ref name="1News2">{{cite news |title=Tonga tsunami warning lifted, volcano still being monitored |url=https://www.1news.co.nz/2022/01/15/tonga-tsunami-warning-lifted-volcano-still-being-monitored/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[1 News]] |date=14 January 2022}}</ref> Geologiwan Tonga di dekat gunung berapi mengamati ledakan dan kolom abu selebar 5 kilometer.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://matangitonga.to/2022/01/15/tongan-geologists-stunning-Jan14eruptions |title=Tongan geologists observe stunning eruptions at Hunga |publisher=Matangi Tonga |date=15 January 2022 |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115054357/https://matangitonga.to/2022/01/15/tongan-geologists-stunning-Jan14eruptions |archive-date=15 January 2022}}</ref>
Serangkaian ledakan terdengar sekitar pukul 3:30 di [[Anchorage]], Alaska, dan sekitarnya sekitar 9.700 km dari gunung berapi dan berlangsung sekitar 30 menit. Kebisingan frekuensi rendah bertahan selama kurang lebih dua jam.<ref>{{cite news|first=Annie|last=Berman|newspaper=Anchorage Daily News|date=16 January 2022|access-date=17 January 2022|title=Volcano eruption near Tonga causes booms heard by Alaskans nearly 6000 miles away|url=https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/science/2022/01/15/volcano-eruption-near-tonga-causes-booms-heard-by-alaskans-nearly-6000-miles-away/|archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116084124/https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/science/2022/01/15/volcano-eruption-near-tonga-causes-booms-heard-by-alaskans-nearly-6000-miles-away/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ledakan terdengar di seluruh Selandia Baru hingga [[Yukon]] di [[Kanada]].<ref name="Smith">{{cite news|author1=Oli Smith|title=Tonga tsunami: Satellite footage shows moment of volcanic shockwave - apocalyptic scenes|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1550449/Tonga-tsunami-volcano-eruption-video-satellite-footage-American-Samoa-evacuation-vn|access-date=15 January 2022|publisher=Daily Express|date=15 January 2022|archive-date=15 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115155102/https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1550449/Tonga-tsunami-volcano-eruption-video-satellite-footage-American-Samoa-evacuation-vn|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/noise-from-underwater-volcanic-eruption-across-the-pacific-heard-in-the-yukon-1.6316510|title=Noise from underwater volcanic eruption across the Pacific heard in the Yukon|date=15 January 2022|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|website=cbc.ca|last=Carroll|first=Luke|access-date=16 January 2022|archive-date=15 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115190844/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/noise-from-underwater-volcanic-eruption-across-the-pacific-heard-in-the-yukon-1.6316510|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Hunga Tonga eruption 2022-01-15 4000Z-0850Z GOES-17.gif|thumb|240px|Gelombang kejut rekaman dari [[NOAA]]]]
Dari luar angkasa, [[kolom letusan]] yang sangat lebar dan gelombang kejut tertangkap menyebar melintasi Samudra Pasifik oleh satelit.<ref name="Smith"/> Gelombang tekanan diukur oleh stasiun cuaca di seluruh Selandia Baru pada amplitudo maksimum sekitar 7 [[hPa]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2022-01-15|title=A pressure surge from the latest eruption of the Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai volcano in Tonga has been observed in our weather stations across the country this evening. Note, times are in UTC, so 06:00 UTC is 19:00 NZ Time.|url=https://twitter.com/metservice/status/1482247777891799042|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-15|website=Twitter|archive-date=2022-01-16|archive-url=https://archive.today/20220116083050/https://twitter.com/metservice/status/1482247777891799042|dead-url=no}}</ref> Gelombang tekanan juga direkam oleh stasiun cuaca di Australia, dengan amplitudo sebesar 6,9 hPa diukur di [[Pulau Lord Howe]] dan amplitudo sebesar 3,3 hPa di [[Perth]], Australia Barat.<ref>{{Cite tweet|number=1482592498992427009|user=BOM_au|title=Bureau data shows the shockwave from Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcanic eruption travelled at over 1000 km/h and was recorded as a noticeable jump in atmospheric pressure across Australia. By the time it reached Perth it had travelled almost 7,000 kilometres.|author=Bureau of Meteorology, Australia|date=16 January 2022|archive-date=17 January 2021|archive-url=https://archive.today/20220117050228/https://twitter.com/BOM_au/status/1482592498992427009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Grubb|first1=Ben|last2=Noyes|first2=Jenny |last3=Han|first3=Esther|date=15 January 2022|title=Waves crash into Tonga homes as tsunami warnings sound across the Pacific|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/oceania/footage-shows-waves-crashing-into-homes-as-tsunami-warning-sounds-in-tonga-20220115-p59ohh.html|url-status=live|access-date=15 January 2022|newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|archive-date=15 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115155103/https://www.smh.com.au/world/oceania/footage-shows-waves-crashing-into-homes-as-tsunami-warning-sounds-in-tonga-20220115-p59ohh.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|number=1482282515616645123|user=Ben_Domensino|title=This is phenomenal. It appears the atmospheric pressure waves created by the #Tonga #volcano have been detected on Australia's east coast. This graph shows MSLP fluctuating in Sydney around the same time satellite images showed the pressure wave reaching eastern Australia.|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://archive.today/20220117045518/https://twitter.com/Ben_Domensino/status/1482282515616645123}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet |number=1482312272479686659|user=Ben_Domensino|title=The pressure wave was also detected in #Perth, WA around 6:30pm AWST, some 6,900km away from the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Haʻapai volcano.|date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Fluktuasi tekanan sebesar 2,5 hPa diukur di [[Swiss]] dan lebih dari 2 hPa ketika mencapai [[Britania Raya]].<ref>{{cite tweet|author=Jörg Kachelmann|user=Kachelmann|date=15 January 2022|access-date=15 January 2022|title=Unglaublich: Die Druckwelle aus #Tonga ist gerade in der Schweiz angekommen, 2,5 hPa Ausschlag. |number=1482441437216133127}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|author=UK Met Office|user=metoffice|date=16 January 2022|access-date=16 January 2022|title=Our atmosphere acts as a fluid, like dropping a pebble in a still pond and seeing the ripples. A UK pressure trace for the past 24 hours shows how our atmosphere continues to see those ripples since the first pressure wave from the #Tonga eruption arrived on Saturday evening.|number=1482605906659622914}}</ref> [[Survei Geologi Amerika Serikat]] mencatat magnitudo gelombang permukaan letusan tersebut yaitu 5,8 [[skala kekuatan momen|M<sub>w</sub>]].<ref name="ANSS5.8"/> Gelombang kejut dilaporkan telah mengelilingi bumi sebanyak empat kali di [[Jepang]] dan [[Utah]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=トンガ火山噴火による衝撃波が地球1周して再来か 今朝も各地で気圧変化|url=https://weathernews.jp/s/topics/202201/170085/|access-date=2022-01-18|website=ウェザーニュース|language=ja|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117143238/https://weathernews.jp/s/topics/202201/170085/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|link=no|number=1483203330646024201|user=cataclasite|title=Sure looks like we got a fourth passage of the Hunga Tonga – Hunga Ha'apai eruption shockwave in Utah. Timing is spot-on and signal is similar to previous passages. Interesting for sure but worried for the people of Tonga.|author=Michael Bunds}}</ref> dan sedikitnya dua kali di [[New England]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Burnett|first=A. J.|date=2022-01-16|title=Weather instruments around southern New England detect Hunga Tonga shockwave|url=https://www.wcvb.com/article/weather-instruments-around-southern-new-england-detect-hunga-tonga-shockwave/38784108|access-date=2022-01-18|website=WCVB|language=en|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116222313/https://www.wcvb.com/article/weather-instruments-around-southern-new-england-detect-hunga-tonga-shockwave/38784108|url-status=live}}</ref>
Aktivitas [[petir]] yang intens tercatat selama tahap letusan. Jaringan Deteksi Petir Nasional Vaisala mendeteksi petir dalam bentuk [[gelombang radio]]. Ratusan hingga ribuan kilatan petir direkam oleh sistem selama dua minggu sebelum letusan. Dari 14 hingga 15 Januari 2022, puluhan ribu kilatan petir terjadi.<ref name="Andrews"/> Antara 05:00 dan 06:00 15 Januari 2022 UTC, 200 ribu kilatan direkam.<ref name="Andrews">{{cite web|author1=Robin George Andrews|title=The Tonga eruption explained, from tsunami warnings to sonic booms |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/the-science-behind-the-tonga-eruption-and-tsunami|publisher=National Geographic|access-date=16 January 2022|date=16 January 2022|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050559/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/the-science-behind-the-tonga-eruption-and-tsunami|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|author=Chris Vagasky|user=COweatherman|number=1482352436849176577|title=Some hourly statistics from this latest #HungaTongaHungaHaapai #HungaTonga #Volcano Eruption. Peak hourly rate was 200,000 discharges between 0500 and 0600 UTC! Just absolutely amazing.|access-date=16 January 2022}}</ref>
Pengamatan awal menunjukkan bahwa kolom letusan menyemburkan banyak material vulkanik ke stratosfer. Letusan ini berpotensi menyebabkan beberapa efek iklim sementara.<ref>{{cite tweet |user=Weather_West |number=1482371720237490178 |title=It appears likely that massive Hunga-Tonga eruption produced powerful enough eruption plume to inject significant amount of material well into stratosphere. Violent eruption of tropical volcano like this fits profile of event that could have small, temporary climate effect...}}</ref> Perhitungan selanjutnya menunjukkan bahwa letusan ini menyuntikkan sekitar 0,4 teragram sulfur dioksida ke stratosfer dan tidak mungkin memiliki efek pendinginan global.<ref>{{cite web|last=Morton|first=Jamie|date=17 January 2022|title=No, Hunga-Tonga eruption won't slow global warming|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/no-hunga-tonga-eruption-wont-slow-global-warming/MWLPEPNRN4VRRSLRAB6OR6QT7E/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://
Menurut peneliti [[Jurusan Fisika Universitas Oxford|Jurusan Fisika]] [[Universitas Oxford]] Simon Proud, kolom letusan naik sejauh 39 kilometer di atas permukaan bumi.<ref name="Pultarova">{{cite web |author1=Tereza Pultarova |title=Ash from Tonga volcano eruption reaches record altitude but climate cooling unlikely |url=https://www.space.com/tonga-volcano-eruption-wont-cool-climate |website=[[Space.com]] |publisher=[[Future US]] |access-date=19 January 2022 |date=18 January 2022 |archive-date=19 January 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220119004040/https://www.space.com/tonga-volcano-eruption-wont-cool-climate |url-status=live }}</ref>
▲Tsunami biasanya dipicu oleh [[gempa bumi]] alih-alih gunung berapi.<ref name=kreiger_15012022>{{cite news|first=Lisa M.|last=Krieger|title=Volcanic tsunamis: Why they are so difficult to predict|date=15 January 2022|newspaper=The Mercury News|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2022/01/15/volcanic-tsunamis-why-they-are-so-difficult-to-predict/|access-date=16 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Nick
== Tsunami ==
=== Oseania ===
{{multiple image
| width = 220
| direction = vertical
| image1 = Hunga Tonga 2022 tsunami travel time.jpg
| caption1 =
| image2 = Modeled maximum tsunami amplitude January 15, 2022 Tonga.png
| caption2 = Dampak tsunami di sepanjang [[Samudra Pasifik]]
}}
{{External media|float=Yes|title=Nuku’alofa Tonga.|video1=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CR-EMb3aEmE Video of the tsunami waves hitting the capital, filmed by a resident, Mamani moe me’a fakaofō on YouTube]}}
Sebagai akibat dari letusan ini, tsunami setinggi 1,2 m menerjang Nuku'alofa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/tsunami/national.shtml#nationalBulletin0|title=National No Threat Bulletin issued 4:58PM AEDT Saturday 15 January 2022|publisher=Australian Bureau of Meterology|date=15 January 2022|access-date=15 January 2022|archive-date=
Berdasarkan laporan tidak resmi tentang tsunami di Tonga, Risklayer mengembangkan peta genangan tsunami. Dari peta, tsunami dengan ketinggian 15 meter atau lebih besar mungkin telah melanda pantai barat Pulau Tongatapu tempat kerusakan parah terjadi.<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1482835280826716165|user=DrAndreasS|title=With a first unofficial report at hand (link below), I revisited my first tsunami simulation and compared it. Inundation for Hihifo seems close to observation. Inundation in Nuku'alofa probably overestimated. Some areas still with question marks. #Tonga #Tsunami #Nukualofa|author=Andreas Schäfer|date=16 January 2022}}</ref> Pada 18 Januari, Pemerintah Tonga mengonfirmasi gelombang setinggi 15 meter melanda pantai barat Pulau Tongatapu, [[Pulau 'Eua|'Eua]], dan [[Pulau Ha'apai|Ha'apai]].<ref name="ConsulateKoT" />
Di [[Fiji]], tolok pasang surut di [[Suva]] merekam gelombang berukuran 20 sentimeter pada 17:40. Beberapa aktivitas tsunami juga dilaporkan di [[Kepulauan Lau]].<ref name="Turaga" /> Pulau [[Pulau Moce|Moce]], [[Pulau Moala|Moala]], [[Pulau Kadavu|Kadavu]], dan [[Pulau Taveuni|Taveuni]] dilanda tsunami tingkat rendah yang memicu banjir.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 January 2022|title=Tongan tsunami felt around the Pacific|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/459626/tongan-tsunami-felt-around-the-pacific|url-status=live|access-date=15 January 2022|website=RNZ|language=en-nz|archive-date=15 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115175141/https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/459626/tongan-tsunami-felt-around-the-pacific}}</ref>
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=== Asia ===
Di [[Amami]], [[Prefektur Kagoshima|Kagoshima]], [[Jepang]], tsunami setinggi 1,2 meter dilaporkan pada 11:55 [[Waktu Standar Jepang|JST]]. Di [[Tosashimizu]], [[Prefektur Kochi|Kochi]], tsunami setinggi 0,9 meter.<ref name="TBS">{{cite news |title=【速報】各地で津波を観測 |url=https://news.tbs.co.jp/newseye/tbs_newseye4448812.html |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[TBS News]] |date=16 January 2022 |language=ja |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115161218/https://news.tbs.co.jp/newseye/tbs_newseye4448812.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="toonippo">{{cite news |title=津波情報＝気象庁発表（津波観測に関する情報） |url=https://www.toonippo.co.jp/articles/-/832840 |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=Web Tooku |date=16 January 2022 |language=ja |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115170704/https://www.toonippo.co.jp/articles/-/832840 |url-status=live }}</ref> Tsunami berukuran 0,9 meter juga dilaporkan di [[Chichijima]] Futami.<ref name="Sankei">{{cite news |title=奄美に１・２メートルの津波到達 トンガ噴火影響か |url=https://www.sankei.com/article/20220116-XAGFJOVSKRO57HUWY5PSLWOAWI/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[Sankei Shimbun]] |date=16 January 2022 |language=ja |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115160429/https://www.sankei.com/article/20220116-XAGFJOVSKRO57HUWY5PSLWOAWI/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Di pantai Tohoku, gelombang setinggi 0,7 meter melanda pada 00:38 16 Januari. Di Pelabuhan [[Sendai]], tsunami mencapai 0,9 meter pada 00:08.<ref name="kahoku">{{cite news |title=仙台港などでも津波観測 トンガ沖・海底火山噴火 |url=https://kahoku.news/articles/20220116khn000002.html |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=Kahoku News |date=16 January 2022 |language=ja |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115171633/https://kahoku.news/articles/20220116khn000002.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Di [[Prefektur Iwate|Iwate]], tsunami setinggi 1,1 meter tercatat pada 02:26 16 Januari. Gelombang tsunami kurang dari satu meter dilaporkan di sepanjang pantai Pasifik [[Hokkaido]]. Ini adalah peringatan tsunami pertama di negara ini sejak [[gempa bumi Fukushima 2016]].<ref name="JP">{{cite news |title=Japan's Pacific coast hit by tsunami waves after Tonga eruption |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2022/01/16/national/japan-tsunami-tonga-volcano/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[The Japan Times]] |date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115191114/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2022/01/16/national/japan-tsunami-tonga-volcano/ |url-status=live }}</ref> JMA menyebut tsunami melanda 2,5 jam lebih awal daripada yang diperkirakan.<ref>{{cite news |title=JMA: Tsunami from eruption lacks usual features |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20220116_34/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[NHK]] |date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116105730/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20220116_34/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Gelombang tsunami kecil teramati di pantai [[Taiwan]]. Ketinggian tsunami yaitu 0,4 meter di [[Danau Houbi]], [[Kabupaten Pingtung|Pingtung]], diikuti oleh 0,38 meter di [[Kepulauan Lanyu]], [[Kabupaten Taitung|Taitung]], 0,36 meter di [[Kabupaten Yilan|Yilan]], 0,31 meter di [[Su'ao]], dan 0,29 meter di [[Kabupaten Hualien|Hualien]]. Gelombang juga teramati di [[Chenggong]] dengan ketinggian 0,25 meter, dan di [[Kaohsiung]] setinggi 0,24 meter.<ref name="Zixian">{{cite news |author1=Wu Zixian |date=16 January 2022 |title=高屏宜花東海嘯水位「亮黃燈」？ 鄭明典揭台灣影響 |language=zh|trans-title=Gaoping Yihua East tsunami water level "bright yellow"? Zheng Mingdian exposes the influence of Taiwan |work=[[United Daily News]] |url=https://udn.com/news/story/7266/6037148?from=udn-referralnews_ch2artbottom |url-status=live |access-date=20 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120005526/https://udn.com/news/story/7266/6037148?from=udn-referralnews_ch2artbottom |archive-date=20 January 2022}}</ref>
Di [[Pulau Jeju]], [[Korea Selatan]], terdapat fluktuasi setinggi 15-20 sentimeter di permukaan laut.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Choi|first=Woo-ri|url=https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_international/1027664.html|title=[News analysis] Volcano eruption in Tonga not likely to be last of this century, scientists warn|date=17 January 2022|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://archive.today/20220117160145/https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_international/1027664.html|url-status=live|access-date=17 January 2022}}</ref>
[[Kepulauan Kuril]] di Rusia dilanda gelombang tsunami setinggi sekitar 20 sentimeter.<ref name=nyt_16012022/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Храмова|first=Светлана|last2=Гуськова|first2=Анастасия|date=2022-01-15|title=На Курилах объявили угрозу цунами|trans-title=Threat of tsunami has been declared in Kuril Islands|url=https://iz.ru/1277660/2022-01-15/na-kurilakh-obiavili-ugrozu-tcunami|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115191545/https://iz.ru/1277660/2022-01-15/na-kurilakh-obiavili-ugrozu-tcunami|archive-date=15 January 2022|access-date=2022-01-16|website=Известия|language=ru}}</ref> Dua pelabuhan telah diperingatkan terkait ini.<ref name=":1"/>
=== Amerika ===
Di [[Peru]],
Gelombang tsunami tertinggi di Amerika Serikat ialah gelombang setinggi 1,3 meter di [[Port San Luis]] serta 1,1 meter di [[Distrik Bersejarah Arena Cove|Arena Cove]] dan [[Crescent City]], California.<ref name=nyt_16012022/><ref name=mercurynews_15012022/> Gelombang tsunami yang signifikan dilaporkan menghantam [[Pelabuhan Santa Cruz]] dan tempat parkirnya dilanda banjir setinggi sekitar 0,91 meter,<ref name="CBSSF"/><ref name=mercurynews_15012022>{{cite news|title=Tsunami surges, some flooding in the Bay Area after Pacific volcano eruption|date=15 January 2022|newspaper=The Mercury News|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2022/01/15/tsunami-advisory-issued-for-bay-area-following-volcanic-eruption/|access-date=16 January 2022|archive-date=15 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115213626/https://www.mercurynews.com/2022/01/15/tsunami-advisory-issued-for-bay-area-following-volcanic-eruption/|url-status=live}}</ref> manakala Soquel Creek Soquel Creek di kota jiran [[Capitola]] mengalir mundur.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/video/6186680-tsunami-coverage-waters-of-soquel-creek-reverse-during-tsunami-surge/|title=Tsunami Coverage: Waters of Soquel Creek Reverse During Tsunami Surge|access-date=16 January 2022|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116215317/https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/video/6186680-tsunami-coverage-waters-of-soquel-creek-reverse-during-tsunami-surge/|url-status=live}}</ref> Pertandingan selancar dibatalkan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kazu.org/kazu-news/2022-01-15/here-are-the-impacts-of-the-tsunami-along-the-monterey-bay |title=Archived copy |access-date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050607/https://www.kazu.org/kazu-news/2022-01-15/here-are-the-impacts-of-the-tsunami-along-the-monterey-bay |url-status=live }}</ref> Arus kuat di [[Half Moon Bay]] dilaporkan,<ref name="CBSSF">{{cite news |title=Tsunami Advisory Updated: Waves Rolling Into Santa Cruz Harbor; Live Aboard Residents Evacuated At Berkeley Marina |url=https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2022/01/15/tsunami-advisory-issued-for-northern-california-following-violent-volcanic-eruption-near-tonga/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[KPIX-TV]] |agency=Associated Press |date=15 January 2022 |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115155126/https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2022/01/15/tsunami-advisory-issued-for-northern-california-following-violent-volcanic-eruption-near-tonga/ |url-status=live }}</ref> manakala gelombang kecil teramati di [[Seal Beach]].<ref name="SCS1">{{cite news |author1=[[Associated Press]] |title=Volcano erupts in Pacific, West Coast under tsunami advisory |url=https://www.santacruzsentinel.com/2022/01/15/volcano-erupts-in-pacific-west-coast-under-tsunami-advisory/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[Santa Cruz Sentinel]] |date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050635/https://www.santacruzsentinel.com/2022/01/15/volcano-erupts-in-pacific-west-coast-under-tsunami-advisory/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Gelombang setinggi 0,37 meter tercatat di [[Nikolski]], [[Alaska]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=McChesney |first=Rashah |date=2022-01-15 |title=A tsunami is arriving in Alaska from volcanic eruption in Tonga |url=https://www.ktoo.org/2022/01/15/tsunami-in-alaska-after-tonga-volcano-erupts/ |url-status=live |access-date=2022-01-15 |website=KTOO |language=en-US |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115180401/https://www.ktoo.org/2022/01/15/tsunami-in-alaska-after-tonga-volcano-erupts/ }}</ref>
Baris 78 ⟶ 98:
Di [[Pantai Pasifik Meksiko|pantai]] [[Guerrero]], [[Colima]], dan [[Semenanjung Baja California]], Meksiko, kenaikan permukaan laut dilaporkan dengan gelombang 0,30 meter hingga 0,61 meter.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-01-15 |title=México presentó elevación del nivel del mar en las costas del Pacífico por explosión de volcán en Tonga |url=https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2022/01/15/mexico-presento-en-las-costas-del-pacifico-elevacion-del-nivel-del-mar-por-explosion-de-volcan-en-tonga/ |access-date=2022-01-15 |website=[[Infobae]] |language=es-MX |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115182359/https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2022/01/15/mexico-presento-en-las-costas-del-pacifico-elevacion-del-nivel-del-mar-por-explosion-de-volcan-en-tonga/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Tingkat pasang maksimum 2,05 meter di [[Manzanillo]], Colima menurut Layanan Mareografi Institut Geofisika [[Universitas Otonom Nasional Meksiko]]. Tsunami ini memiliki amplitudo 1,19 meter di [[Zihuatanejo]]. Gelombang di bawah 1 meter tercatat di [[Acapulco]], [[Huatulco]], dan [[Salina Cruz]].<ref name="Paudal">{{cite news |title=Tonga: Tide in Manzanillo rose more than two meters due to tsunami |url=https://www.paudal.com/2022/01/16/tonga-tide-in-manzanillo-rose-more-than-two-meters-due-to-tsunami/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=Paudal |date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050630/https://www.paudal.com/2022/01/16/tonga-tide-in-manzanillo-rose-more-than-two-meters-due-to-tsunami/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
▲Di [[Peru]], gelombang setinggi 0,68 meter tercatat di pelabuhan [[Callao]], 0,72 meter di Distrik [[Marcona]], dan 0,65 meter di [[Paita]].<ref name="CNN1">{{cite news |title=Perú: Oleaje anómalo afectó al litoral peruano a pesar que la Armada había descartado un tsunami en las costas del país |url=https://www.cnnchile.com/mundo/peru-oleaje-litoral-marina-descarto-tsunami-costas_20220115/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[CNN]] Chile |date=15 January 2022 |language=es |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050617/https://www.cnnchile.com/mundo/peru-oleaje-litoral-marina-descarto-tsunami-costas_20220115/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Tsunami setinggi 2 meter di [[Lambayeque]] menewaskan dua orang.<ref name="Parra" />
Di utara [[Chili]], gelombang setinggi 2 meter menghantam garis pantai. Video dan gambar di media sosial dari [[Wilayah Los Ríos]] menunjukkan tsunami merusak dermaga, membawa perahu, dan menghantam pantai.<ref name="Comercio2">{{cite news |title=Tsunami de casi 2 metros llega a la costa de Chile tras la erupción volcánica en Tonga |url=https://elcomercio.pe/mundo/latinoamerica/tsunami-en-tonga-en-vivo-chile-evacua-casi-toda-la-costa-por-posible-tsunami-se-esperan-olas-de-viarios-metros-onemi-soha-noticia/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]] |date=15 January 2022 |language=es |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050619/https://elcomercio.pe/mundo/latinoamerica/tsunami-en-tonga-en-vivo-chile-evacua-casi-toda-la-costa-por-posible-tsunami-se-esperan-olas-de-viarios-metros-onemi-soha-noticia/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Tsunami setinggi 1.74 meter terjadi di [[Chañaral]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Australia sends surveillance flight to tsunami-hit Tonga as extent of damage still unknown |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/australia-sends-surveillance-flight-to-tsunami-hit-tonga-as-extent-of-damage-still-unknown/f63d5a0e-3e93-4b66-8d37-5267e51b5786 |access-date=17 January 2022 |work=SBS News |date=17 January 2022 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117010201/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/australia-sends-surveillance-flight-to-tsunami-hit-tonga-as-extent-of-damage-still-unknown/f63d5a0e-3e93-4b66-8d37-5267e51b5786 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Baris 90 ⟶ 108:
=== 15 Januari ===
[[Berkas:2022 Tonga Tsunami warning！ in Gesashi mangrove bay.jpg|ka|jmpl|Papan peringatan tsunami di Hutan Bakau Teluk Gesashi, [[Prefektur Okinawa|Okinawa]], Jepang.]]
Peringatan lain dikeluarkan untuk seluruh Tonga pada malam 15 Januari menyusul letusan besar lainnya.<ref name="RNZ2"/> Sirene peringatan meraung di Nuku'alofa, sementara pihak berwenang mendesak penduduk untuk mengungsi ke tempat yang lebih tinggi.<ref name="Clark">{{cite news |author1=George Clark |title=Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai eruption: Tsunami alert for Tonga following underwater volcanic eruption |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/hunga-tonga-hunga-haapai-eruption-tsunami-alert-for-tonga-following-underwater-volcanic-eruption/3XYZ6SL6QG7DTWZP35PICVMA3A/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[New Zealand Herald]] |date=15 January 2022}}</ref>
Baris 100 ⟶ 119:
Peringatan tsunami dikeluarkan oleh [[Biro Meteorologi]] di Australia dengan peringatan darat dikeluarkan untuk [[Pulau Norfolk]] dan [[Pulau Lord Howe]], dan peringatan laut untuk pantai timur Australia, [[Tasmania]] dan [[Pulau Macquarie]].<ref name=":0" /> Pada 06:55 16 Januari, peringatan tsunami laut dikeluarkan untuk [[New South Wales]], [[Queensland]], [[Victoria]], dan [[Tasmania]] karena arus kuat dan berbahaya.<ref name="Hussey">{{cite news |author1=Sam Hussey |author2=Gus Bruno |title=Beaches evacuated and closed as Bureau of Meteorology updates tsunami warning for Australia's east coast |url=https://7news.com.au/weather/tsunami/tonga-tsunami-triggers-marine-warnings-c-5324422 |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[7News]] |date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050616/https://7news.com.au/weather/tsunami/tonga-tsunami-triggers-marine-warnings-c-5324422 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[Badan Meteorologi Jepang]] (Japan Meteorological Agency, JMA) memberitahu penduduk bahwa sedikit gangguan di laut dapat terjadi tanpa kerusakan apapun.<ref name="gbp">{{cite news |title=Tonga hit by tsunami after undersea volcano eruption |url=https://www.gpb.org/news/2022/01/15/tonga-hit-by-tsunami-after-undersea-volcano-eruption |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[The Associated Press]] |agency=Georgia Public Broadcasting |date=15 January 2022 |archive-date=2022-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115155108/https://www.gpb.org/news/2022/01/15/volcano-erupts-in-the-pacific-triggering-tsunami-advisory-for-the-west-coast |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Tsunami tidak akan menimbulkan ancaman bagi garis pantai Jepang. Pejabat dari JMA mengatakan bahwa kenaikan permukaan laut tidak lebih dari 20 sentimeter dapat diperkirakan terjadi selama 24 jam mulai 21:00 JST.<ref name="NHK">{{cite news |title=Officials: No tsunami threat to Japan |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20220115_19/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[NHK]] |date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Peringatan tsunami dikeluarkan di [[Kepulauan Amami]] dan [[Kepulauan Tokara]] oleh JMA dengan perkiraan gelombang hingga 3 meter. Peringatan tambahan dikeluarkan di pantai timur dan tenggara untuk gelombang setinggi 1 meter.<ref name="NHK1">{{cite news |title=奄美群島・トカラ列島に津波警報（予想高さ ３ｍ） |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20220116/k10013432891000.html |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[NHK]] |date=16 January 2022 |language=ja}}</ref> Peringatan dan perintah evakuasi dikeluarkan untuk Iwate dan perintah evakuasi juga dikeluarkan untuk enam prefektur lainnya. Badan Penanggulangan Kebakaran dan Bencana (FDMA) menyebut 210 ribu penduduk yang tinggal di tujuh prefektur telah dievakuasi.<ref>{{cite news |title=岩手に津波警報、鹿児島は解除 7県21万人に避難指示 |url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOUE154CX0V10C22A1000000/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=Nikkei Asia |date=15 January 2022 |language=ja |quote=Nikkei |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115200113/https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOUE154CX0V10C22A1000000/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Jepang menurunkan peringatannya keesokan paginya. Rusia mengeluarkan peringatan tsunami untuk Kepulauan Kuril.<ref name=nyt_16012022/>
[[Pusat Peringatan Tsunami Nasional]] mengeluarkan peringatan tsunami di sepanjang [[Pesisir Barat Amerika Serikat]] dan [[British Columbia]], [[Kanada]].<ref name="Hamer"/><ref>{{cite news|first=Michael|last=Bartiromo|title=Tsunami advisory issued for West Coast after eruption of undersea volcano|date=January 15, 2022|website=WRIC.com|url=https://www.wric.com/news/u-s-world/tsunami-advisory-issued-for-west-coast-after-eruption-of-undersea-volcano/|access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Nasihat itu berisi semua wilayah AS di sepanjang Pantai Barat dari [[California Selatan]] hingga [[Alaska]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Tsunami advisory issued for West Coast after underwater volcano erupts near Tonga|date=January 15, 2022|website=10News.com|url=https://www.10news.com/news/national/tsunami-advisory-issued-for-west-coast-after-underwater-volcano-erupts-near-tonga|access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Pantai ditutup dan penduduk pesisir diminta pindah ke tempat yang lebih tinggi.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tsunami advisory issued for California coast; beaches closed, waves expected|date=15 January 2022|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-01-15/tsunami-warning-issued-for-california-beaches-from-volcano-explosion|access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="Kwan">{{cite news |author1=Rhoda Kwan |title=Tsunami advisory issued for U.S. West Coast after undersea volcanic eruption |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/tsunami-advisory-issued-parts-us-west-coast-undersea-volcanic-eruption-rcna12350 |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[NBC News]] |date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Pertandingan berselancar yang diikuti 100 peserta dibatalkan di [[Santa Cruz]].<ref name=mercurynews_15012022/><ref>{{cite news|first=Jim|last=Seimas|title=Tsunami forces cancellation of Day 1 of USA Surfing Prime Steamer Lane|date=15 January 2021|newspaper=Santa Cruz Sentinel|url=https://www.santacruzsentinel.com/2022/01/15/tsunami-forces-cancellation-of-day-1-of-usa-surfing-prime-steamer-lane/|access-date=16 January 2022|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116051127/https://www.santacruzsentinel.com/2022/01/15/tsunami-forces-cancellation-of-day-1-of-usa-surfing-prime-steamer-lane/|url-status=live}}</ref> Gelombang tsunami berukuran 0,30–0,61 m diperkirakan akan menghantam pantai pada pukul 07:30 [[Waktu Standar Pasifik]] di sepanjang [[Pantai Tengah (California)|Pantai Tengah]].<ref name="Hamer" /> [[San Francisco]] diperkirakan menerima gelombang pada pukul 8:10.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-15|title=UPDATE: Tsunami Advisory Issued For Northern California Following Violent Volcanic Eruption Near Tonga|url=https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2022/01/15/tsunami-advisory-issued-for-northern-california-following-violent-volcanic-eruption-near-tonga/|access-date=15 January 2022|publisher=[[CBS News]]|location=San Francisco|language=en-US}}</ref> Gelombang tsunami tertinggi diperkirakan terjadi satu sampai dua jam setelah datangnya gelombang pertama.<ref name="Hamer">{{cite news |author1=Cristal Hamer |title=1-2 foot tsunami waves expected on Central Coast following Tongan volcano eruption |url=https://www.ksbw.com/article/1-2-foot-tsunami-waves-expected-on-central-coast-following-tongan-volcano-eruption/38776661# |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[KSBW]] |date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Peringatan tsunami diberlakukan untuk seluruh [[Hawaii]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tsunami Advisory For Hawaiʻi After Tonga Eruption|url=https://www.bigislandvideonews.com/2022/01/15/tsunami-advisory-for-hawai%CA%BBi-after-tonga-eruption/|access-date=2022-01-15|website=www.bigislandvideonews.com}}</ref> Peringatan di Kanada dikeluarkan di sepanjang pantai Utara dan Tengah British Columbia, bersama dengan kepulauan [[Haida Gwaii]] dan [[
Meksiko mengeluarkan peringatan tsunami untuk pantai di [[Baja California]], [[Jalisco]], [[Colima]], [[Michoacán]], [[Guerrero]], [[Oaxaca]] dan [[Chiapas]] serta mendesak penduduk untuk menghindari pantai dan memasuki kawasan perairan.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pachecho |first1=Adriana |title=Tsunami en Tonga provoca actividades inusuales en costas de México |trans-title=Tsunami in Tonga causes unusual activities on the coast of Mexico |url=https://mexico.as.com/mexico/2022/01/15/actualidad/1642287383_640317.html |access-date=17 January 2022 |work=[[Diario AS]] |date=15 January 2022 |language=es |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117120905/https://mexico.as.com/mexico/2022/01/15/actualidad/1642287383_640317.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika]] memastikan tsunami tidak akan berdampak hingga Indonesia.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20220115195425-199-747129/bmkg-tsunami-tonga-tak-sampai-ke-indonesia|title=BMKG: Tsunami Tonga Tak Sampai ke Indonesia|website=CNN Indonesia|date=15 Januari 2022|accessdate=15 Januari 2022}}</ref>▼
▲[[Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika]] memastikan tsunami tidak akan berdampak hingga Indonesia.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20220115195425-199-747129/bmkg-tsunami-tonga-tak-sampai-ke-indonesia|title=BMKG: Tsunami Tonga Tak Sampai ke Indonesia|
=== 16 Januari ===
Peringatan tsunami dikeluarkan di Samoa Amerika setelah letusan baru di gunung berapi. Peringatan itu lalu dibatalkan hampir dua jam kemudian.<ref name="PTWC16A.Sam">{{cite web |title=American Samoa Warn/Adv./Watch #4 |url=https://www.tsunami.gov/events/PHEB/2022/01/16/22016001/4/WEZS40/WEZS40.txt |publisher=[[Pacific Tsunami Warning Center]] |access-date=17 January 2022 |location=Tonga |date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117010535/https://www.tsunami.gov/events/PHEB/2022/01/16/22016001/4/WEZS40/WEZS40.txt |url-status=live }}</ref> Peringatan tsunami yang dikeluarkan di Fiji pada 15 Januari dibatalkan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tsunami alert cancelled for Fiji|url=https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/tsunami-alert-cancelled-for-fiji/|access-date=2022-01-17|website=Fiji Broadcasting Corporation|archive-date=15 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115213820/https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/tsunami-alert-cancelled-for-fiji/|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== 17 Januari ===
Baris 124 ⟶ 145:
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|[[Tonga]]
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|0
|Beberapa
|<ref name="NHK2" /><ref name="BBC-3">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-60039617 |title=Tonga tsunami sparks 'unprecedented disaster', government says |publisher=BBC News |date=January 18, 2022 |access-date=January 18, 2022 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118114026/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-60039617 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Peru]]
Baris 148 ⟶ 169:
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!Jumlah
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!Beberapa
!
|}
=== Tonga ===
Setidaknya hingga 15 Januari, belum ada informasi mengenai tingkat kerusakan dan korban dari Tonga karena masalah komunikasi.<ref name="gbp" /> Perdana Menteri Selandia Baru [[Jacinda Ardern]] menyatakan bahwa kabel bawah laut yang melayani Tonga terdampak mungkin karena pemadaman listrik dan pihak berwenang berusaha segera memulihkan komunikasi.<ref name="RNŹ" /> Rekaman video yang menunjukkan gelombang laut menghantam daerah pesisir di Tonga dilaporkan oleh ''[[Sky News]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tsunami waves hit Tonga after undersea volcano eruption|url=https://news.sky.com/video/tsunami-waves-hit-tonga-after-undersea-volcano-eruption-12516512|access-date=2022-01-15|website=Sky News|language=en}}</ref> [[Pulau Atata|Atata]], sebuah pulau kecil di lepas ibu kota, dilaporkan tenggelam dan operasi penyelamatan sedang dilakukan. Terdapat beberapa laporan warga di Tonga yang kesulitan bernapas akibat abu.<ref name="1NewsLIVE" /> Pemerintah Tonga belum mengonfirmasi adanya korban jiwa dari letusan dan tsunami.<ref name="NZH1">{{cite news |title=Volcanic eruption: Warning Tonga's air 'toxic'; no reports of deaths following tsunami |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/volcanic-eruption-warning-tongas-air-toxic-no-reports-of-deaths-following-tsunami/H4XFH6YXPY53XIU53OP2ERHLLY/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[New Zealand Herald]] |date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050602/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/volcanic-eruption-tsunami-first-images-of-devastating-damage-as-tongan-residents-warned-air-toxic-water-contaminated/H4XFH6YXPY53XIU53OP2ERHLLY/ |url-status=live }}</ref>▼
[[File:NZDF over Tonga January 2022 (cropped).jpg|thumb|240px|Dampak letusan dan tsunami di [[Tonga]]]]
▲
Menurut siaran media oleh pemerintah lewat cuitan Twitter, semua bangunan hancur di [[Pulau Mango]]. Hanya dua bangunan yang masih utuh di [[Pulau Fonoifua]] dan [[Pulau Nomuka]] mengalami kerusakan parah. 21 rumah hancur dan 35 rumah lainnya rusak parah di pantai barat Tongatapu. Delapan rumah hancur dan 20 rumah rusak berat di Nuku'alofa. 2 rumah hancur dan 45 rumah rusak di [[Pulau 'Eua]].<ref name="ConsulateKoT" /> Penilaian oleh [[Institut Pelatihan dan Penyelidikan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] mengungkapkan kerusakan parah di Pulau Atatā ketika 72 bangunan terkena tsunami dan seluruh pulau diselimuti abu.<ref name="NZH3">{{cite news |author1=[[Radio New Zealand]] |title=Tonga eruption: Images appear to show most of Atatā island wiped out by tsunami |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/tonga-eruption-images-appear-to-show-most-of-atata-island-wiped-out-by-tsunami/3HUDP6UWMBHYVLFCQLDYPGNPFQ/ |access-date=19 January 2022 |work=[[New Zealand Herald]] |date=19 January 2022 |archive-date=2022-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120050035/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/tonga-eruption-images-appear-to-show-most-of-atata-island-wiped-out-by-tsunami/3HUDP6UWMBHYVLFCQLDYPGNPFQ/ |url-status=live |dead-url=unfit }}</ref>
Tsunami merenggut nyawa dua wanita di [[Peru]] ketika gelombang setinggi 2 meter menghantam mereka di Pantai Naylamp, [[Lambayeque]]. Kedua wanita itu berada di dalam truk bersama yang dikemudikan oleh seorang pria yang merupakan suami dari salah seorang wanita. Saat ombak menerjang, pria tersebut berhasil menyelamatkan diri. Mayat para korban wanita dibawa ke kamar jenazah di fasilitas kesehatan setempat.<ref name="Parra">{{cite news |author1=Nicholas Parra |title=Reportan dos muertes y daños por tsunami en Perú: país no emitió alerta |url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/internacional/america-latina/2022/01/15/reportan-dos-muertes-y-danos-por-tsunami-en-peru-pais-no-emitio-alerta.shtml |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[Radio Bío-Bío]] |date=16 January 2022 |language=es |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116030122/https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/internacional/america-latina/2022/01/15/reportan-dos-muertes-y-danos-por-tsunami-en-peru-pais-no-emitio-alerta.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> Beberapa wilayah pesisir lain di Peru juga melaporkan terjadinya kerusakan. Restoran dan perahu di Pantai Lagunillas dan Distrik [[San Andrés (Pisco)|San Andrés]] rusak akibat ombak tsunami. Banyak pengunjung pantai dievakuasi ke tempat yang aman sedangkan pertokoan ditutup.<ref name="Gestión">{{cite news |title=Paracas: salida del mar afectó el muelle y dañó locales y viviendas de la zonaParacas: salida del mar afectó el muelle y dañó locales y viviendas de la zona |url=https://gestion.pe/peru/erupcion-tonga-tsunami-paracas-salida-del-mar-afecto-el-muelle-y-dano-locales-y-viviendas-videos-nndc-noticia/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=Gestión |date=15 January 2022 |language=es |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050614/https://gestion.pe/peru/erupcion-tonga-tsunami-paracas-salida-del-mar-afecto-el-muelle-y-dano-locales-y-viviendas-videos-nndc-noticia/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Dermaga dan beberapa rumah juga dilaporkan rusak di ibu kota Peru, [[Lima (kota)|Lima]]. Di beberapa wilayah, pemilik perahu menyeret perahu mereka ke pantai untuk mencegah ombak merusak perahu mereka.<ref name="Comercio">{{cite news |title=Paracas: mar se salió y dañó el muelle, locales y viviendas {{!}} VIDEOS |url=https://elcomercio.pe/peru/ica/erupcion-tonga-tsunami-paracas-mar-se-salio-y-dano-el-muelle-locales-y-viviendas-de-la-zona-san-andres-playa-lagunilla-videos-nndc-noticia/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]] |date=15 January 2022 |language=es |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050611/https://elcomercio.pe/peru/ica/erupcion-tonga-tsunami-paracas-mar-se-salio-y-dano-el-muelle-locales-y-viviendas-de-la-zona-san-andres-playa-lagunilla-videos-nndc-noticia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>▼
Menurut seorang pejabat Pemerintah Selandia Baru di Nuku'alofa, kerusakan parah terjadi di tepi laut Nuku'alofa karena dilanda tsunami dengan parah.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Massive Tonga Volcanic Eruption Caused "Significant Damage"|url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/massive-tonga-volcanic-eruption-caused-significant-damage-2711861|access-date=16 January 2022|website=NDTV.com|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116233432/https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/massive-tonga-volcanic-eruption-caused-significant-damage-2711861|url-status=live}}</ref> Penjabat Komisioner Tinggi Peter Lund mengatakan bahwa beberapa orang belum ditemukan setelah letusan dan tsunami.<ref name="NHK2">{{cite news |title=NZ official: Some feared missing in Tonga |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20220116_35/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[NHK]] |date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116105726/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20220116_35/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Pemilik salon tato berkewarganegaraan Britania Raya Angela Glover termasuk di antara orang-orang yang hilang karena tersapu tsunami ketika melanda Nuku'alofa.<ref name="Dreaver">{{cite news |author1=Barbara Dreaver |title=UK woman missing after being swept away in Tonga tsunami |url=https://www.1news.co.nz/2022/01/16/uk-woman-missing-after-being-swept-away-in-tonga-tsunami/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[1 News]] |date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117010537/https://www.1news.co.nz/2022/01/16/uk-woman-missing-after-being-swept-away-in-tonga-tsunami/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Tubuh Angela kemudian ditemukan.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=17 January 2022|title=Tonga tsunami: Body of British woman swept away by wave found|url=https://news.sky.com/story/tonga-tsunami-body-of-british-woman-swept-away-by-wave-found-12518388|url-status=live|access-date=17 January 2022|website=Sky News|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117145228/https://news.sky.com/story/tonga-tsunami-body-of-british-woman-swept-away-by-wave-found-12518388}}</ref> Meskipun tingkat kerusakan di Tonga masih belum jelas, selimut abu tebal telah mencemari pasokan air, memutus komunikasi, dan mencegah penerbangan pengawasan, sehingga sulit untuk memulai upaya bantuan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 January 2022|title=Tonga volcano eruption: Pacific tsunami damage unclear as ash blankets island nation|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/16/pacific-tsunami-threat-recedes-as-volcano-ash-cloud-covers-tonga|access-date=16 January 2022|website=the Guardian|language=en|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116153106/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/16/pacific-tsunami-threat-recedes-as-volcano-ash-cloud-covers-tonga|url-status=live}}</ref> Kematian lainnya dikonfirmasi Kementerian Luar Negeri dan Perdagangan pada 18 Januari.<ref name="Halpin">{{cite news |author1=James Halpin |title=Tonga tsunami: Two deaths confirmed, MFAT says |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/world/south-pacific/300498163/tonga-tsunami-two-deaths-confirmed-mfat-says |access-date=18 January 2022 |work=[[Stuff NZ]] |date=18 January 2022 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118021146/https://www.stuff.co.nz/world/south-pacific/300498163/tonga-tsunami-two-deaths-confirmed-mfat-says |url-status=live }}</ref> Peter menambahkan bahwa ada kematian ketiga yang belum dikonfirmasi akibat tsunami.<ref name="NZH2">{{cite news |title=Tonga death toll: Three dead after eruption and tsunami, UN says |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/tonga-death-toll-three-dead-after-eruption-and-tsunami-un-says/4CKMDXWY3DJZV5XPRYDRBDRVYM/ |access-date=18 January 2022 |work=[[New Zealand Herald]] |date=18 January 2022 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118021211/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/tonga-death-toll-three-dead-after-eruption-and-tsunami-un-says/4CKMDXWY3DJZV5XPRYDRBDRVYM/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Kematian ketiga ini diidentifikasi sebagai penduduk setempat dan Pemerintah Tonga telah mengonfirmasi tiga kematian akibat tsunami.<ref name="BBC-3" /> Pemerintah Tonga mengatakan bahwa dua warga yang tewas itu masing-masing berasal dari Pulau Mango dan Pulau Nomuka.<ref name="ConsulateKoT">{{Cite tweet|link=no|number=1483384039826464768|user=ConsulateKoT|title=FIRST OFFICIAL UPDATE FOLLOWING THE VOLCANIC ERUPTION FROM THE GOVERNMENT OF TONGA Flag of Tonga|author=Consulate of the Kingdom of Tonga|date=18 January 2022|access-date=18 January 2022}}</ref>
Di [[San Gregorio]], [[California]], Amerika Serikat, empat orang nelayan tersapu ke laut oleh tsunami. Dua nelayan terluka dan menerima perawatan medis sementara dua nelayan lainnya berhasil diselamatkan dan tidak terluka.<ref name="Oetting">{{cite news |author1=Jerimiah Oetting |title=Here are the impacts of the tsunami along the Monterey Bay |url=https://www.kazu.org/kazu-news/2022-01-15/here-are-the-impacts-of-the-tsunami-along-the-monterey-bay |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[KAZU]] |date=15 January 2022 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050607/https://www.kazu.org/kazu-news/2022-01-15/here-are-the-impacts-of-the-tsunami-along-the-monterey-bay |url-status=live }}</ref> Pemadam kebakaran San Francisco dan [[Penjaga Pantai Amerika Serikat]] menyelamatkan tiga peselancar.<ref name=mercurynews_15012022/>▼
[[Berkas:NZDF over Tonga 18 January 2022.jpg|thumb|240px|[[Tonga]] dari atas udara]]
Foto yang dibagikan oleh seorang penduduk di [[Pulau Lifuka]], timur laut Nuku'alofa menunjukkan kerusakan kecil pada masyarakat pulau dan sebuah dermaga. Kerusakan yang ditimbulkan menyiratkan pulau itu dilanda gelombang yang lebih kecil. [[Pulau 'Uiha]] dan [[Pulau Ha'ano]] juga mengalami sedikit kerusakan akibat tsunami. Beberapa foto menunjukkan puing-puing yang tertinggal oleh tsunami berserakan di jalan dan ladang rumput.<ref name="Porter">{{cite news |author1=Nadine Porter |title=Tonga: Photos of tsunami damage shared from outer island, close to volcanic eruption |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/127517035/tonga-photos-of-tsunami-damage-shared-from-outer-island-close-to-volcanic-eruption |access-date=17 January 2022 |work=[[Stuff NZ]]|language=en|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117041023/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/127517035/tonga-photos-of-tsunami-damage-shared-from-outer-island-close-to-volcanic-eruption|url-status=live}}</ref> Pemilik Ha'atafu Beach Resort menulis di Facebook bahwa resor pantai mereka yang terletak di ujung utara Pulau Tongatapu sepenuhnya hancur. Keluarga pemilik resor pantai berhasil melarikan diri. Mereka menambahkan bahwa seluruh garis pantai barat pulau itu dan Desa Kanukupolu hancur.<ref name="CNA">{{cite news |author1=[[Reuters]] |title=Drinking water, ash big concern as Tonga volcanic eruption causes 'significant damage' |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/world/australia-new-zealand-step-efforts-aid-tsunami-hit-tonga-2439831 |access-date=17 January 2022 |work=[[Channel News Asia]] |date=17 January 2022 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117070954/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/world/australia-new-zealand-step-efforts-aid-tsunami-hit-tonga-2439831 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Kantor Koordinasi Urusan Kemanusiaan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] menyatakan bahwa terdapat kekhawatiran terhadap dua pulau dataran rendah di [[Kepulauan Ha'apai]] yaitu Fonoi (berpenduduk 69 jiwa) dan Mango (berpenduduk 36 jiwa) karena [[suar indikasi posisi darurat|suar marabahaya]] telah terdeteksi di salah satu pulau (Fonoi berpenduduk 69 orang, sedangkan Mango memiliki 36 penduduk).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-18|title=Distress signal prompts UN concern after Tonga volcanic eruption|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/world/459724/distress-signal-prompts-un-concern-after-tonga-volcanic-eruption|access-date=2022-01-17|website=[[Radio New Zealand]]|language=en-nz|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117212346/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/world/459724/distress-signal-prompts-un-concern-after-tonga-volcanic-eruption|url-status=live}}</ref> Penerbangan pengintai mengonfirmasi kerusakan properti substansial di dua pulau dataran rendah dan Pemerintah Tonga kemudian menegaskan bahwa semua rumah di Pulau Mango hancur.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Reports of 'significant damage' in Tonga after eruption, tsunami|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/18/reports-of-significant-damage-in-tonga-after-eruption-tsunami|date=2022-01-18|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en|archive-date=18 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118071921/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/18/reports-of-significant-damage-in-tonga-after-eruption-tsunami|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-18|title=Tongan government confirms all homes on Mango destroyed, fears death toll to rise|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/world/459784/tongan-government-confirms-all-homes-on-mango-destroyed-fears-death-toll-to-rise|access-date=2022-01-18|website=RNZ|language=en-nz}}</ref>
[[Kabel Lintas Selatan]] melaporkan bahwa letusan mungkin telah merusak [[Sistem Kabel Tonga]] yang menghubungkan Tonga dengan kabel trans-Pasifik Southern Cross di Fiji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 January 2022|title=Tonga subsea communications cable 'may be broken after all', says Southern Cross|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/127512800/tonga-subsea-communications-cable-may-be-broken-after-all-says-southern-cross|access-date=16 January 2022|website=Stuff|language=en|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116110005/https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/127512800/tonga-subsea-communications-cable-may-be-broken-after-all-says-southern-cross|url-status=live}}</ref> Kabel Lintas Selatan menyebut adanya patahan pada kabel internasional sepanjang 37 kilometer dari Nuku'alofa dan patahan lebih lanjut pada kabel dalam negeri sepanjang 47 kilometer dari Nuku'alofa.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Duckett|first=Chris|title=Volcanic eruption takes out Tonga cables|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/volcanic-eruption-takes-out-tonga-cables/|access-date=17 January 2022|website=ZDNet|language=en|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117072805/https://www.zdnet.com/article/volcanic-eruption-takes-out-tonga-cables/|url-status=live}}</ref> Perdana Menteri Selandia Baru [[Jacinda Ardern]] menyatakan bahwa kabel bawah laut yang melayani Tonga terdampak mungkin karena pemadaman listrik dan pihak berwenang berusaha segera memulihkan komunikasi.<ref name="RNŹ" /> Kepala Sistem Kabel Tonga Samiuela Fonua menyatakan bahwa kru perbaikan tidak akan diizinkan mengakses tempat patahan sebelum aktivitas vulkanik berhenti di Hunga Tonga, dengan waktu persiapan tambahan yang diperlukan untuk perbaikan, layanan internet dapat dimatikan selama lebih dari dua minggu setelah letusan.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-01-17|title=Tonga's only undersea communication cable could be down for weeks|language=en-AU|work=ABC News|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-01-18/when-will-tongas-undersea-cable-be-repaired-/100760998|access-date=2022-01-17|archive-date=18 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118004046/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-01-18/when-will-tongas-undersea-cable-be-repaired-/100760998|url-status=live}}</ref> Perbaikan diperkirakan baru dimulai pada 1 Februari.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Mogul|first1=Rhea|last2=Cheung|first2=Eric|last3=Sharma|first3=Akanksha|last4=Rebane|first4=Teele|date=2022-01-18|title=First images of disaster-hit Tonga show entire communities covered in thick ash|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/18/asia/tonga-volcano-tsunami-damage-intl-hnk/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20220118223710/https://edition.cnn.com/2022/01/18/asia/tonga-volcano-tsunami-damage-intl-hnk/index.html|archive-date=18 January 2022|access-date=18 January 2022|website=CNN}}</ref>
Kerusakan parah di pantai barat Tongatapu dikonfirmasi oleh Komisi Tinggi Selandia Baru di Tonga pada 17 Januari.<ref name="RNZ4">{{cite news |title=Significant damage on Tonga's west coast - NZ High Commission |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/459717/significant-damage-on-tonga-s-west-coast-nz-high-commission |access-date=17 January 2022 |work=[[Radio New Zealand]] |date=17 January 2022 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117084012/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/459717/significant-damage-on-tonga-s-west-coast-nz-high-commission |url-status=live }}</ref> Penerbangan survei oleh [[Angkatan Pertahanan Australia]] melaporkan kerusakan parah di sepanjang pantai barat.<ref>{{Cite web|last=CNN|first=Helen Regan|title=Here's what we know about the massive Pacific eruption and tsunami|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/17/asia/tonga-volcanic-eruption-tsunami-explainer-intl-hnk/index.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=CNN|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117144741/https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/17/asia/tonga-volcanic-eruption-tsunami-explainer-intl-hnk/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Pantai di Nuku'alofa mengalami kerusakan substansial karena puing-puing dan bebatuan diendapkan ke daratan oleh gelombang tsunami menurut laporan awal dari [[Kantor Koordinasi Urusan Kemanusiaan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] (OCHA). Lapisan abu vulkanik setebal 2 sentimeter menyelimuti ibu kota Nuku'alofa.<ref name="OCHA1">{{cite web |author1=[[UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] |title=Tonga: Volcanic Eruption - Flash Update (As of 17 January 2022) |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/tonga/tonga-volcanic-eruption-flash-update-17-january-2022 |website=[[ReliefWeb]] |access-date=17 January 2022 |date=17 January 2022 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117120901/https://reliefweb.int/report/tonga/tonga-volcanic-eruption-flash-update-17-january-2022 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Citra satelit [[Pulau Nomuka]] menunjukkan bahwa hampir seperlima bangunan telah rusak dengan lebih dari 40 bangunan tertutup abu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-18|title=MFAT confirms two deaths after Tonga tsunami|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/world/459760/mfat-confirms-two-deaths-after-tonga-tsunami|access-date=2022-01-18|website=RNZ|language=en-nz|archive-date=18 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118052450/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/world/459760/mfat-confirms-two-deaths-after-tonga-tsunami|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Bandar Udara Internasional Fua'amotu]] tertutup abu dan kotoran.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-18|title=Tonga volcano: first pictures after eruption show islands blanketed in ash, as two deaths confirmed|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/18/tonga-volcano-first-pictures-after-eruption-show-islands-blanketed-in-ash-as-two-deaths-confirmed|access-date=2022-01-18|website=the Guardian|language=en|archive-date=18 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118025218/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/18/tonga-volcano-first-pictures-after-eruption-show-islands-blanketed-in-ash-as-two-deaths-confirmed|url-status=live}}</ref> Terdapat juga laporan pencemaran air di distrik Nuku'alofa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Before and after: Satellite images reveal extent of damage in Tonga|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/tonga-eruption-satellite-images-reveal-extent-of-damage-in-pacific-nation/H64XHDHH2BMKI5GABODK3V5HKI/|access-date=2022-01-18|website=NZ Herald|language=en-NZ|archive-date=18 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118052216/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/tonga-eruption-satellite-images-reveal-extent-of-damage-in-pacific-nation/H64XHDHH2BMKI5GABODK3V5HKI/|url-status=live}}</ref> Angkatan Laut Tonga yang dikirim ke pulau-pulau Ha'apai melaporkan kerusakan yang signifikan ketika tsunami yang diperkirakan tingginya antara 5–10 meter menyebar sejauh 500 meter ke daratan.<ref name=":4" />
=== Negara lain ===
[[Berkas:Ash distribution from Hunga Tonga over Australia.jpg|thumb|250px|Abu Vulkanik di [[Queensland]], Australia]]
Di Fiji, letusan ini memicu gelombang badai di Pulau [[Pulau Vanua Balavu]], [[Pulau Kadavu]], [[Pulau Gau]], dan [[Pulau Taveuni]]. Di desa Moce, Kepulauan Lau, tsunami merusak beberapa rumah dengan parah di pantai. Puing-puing berserakan di desa dan perahu terseret ke daratan.<ref name="Waqairadovu">{{cite news |author1=Apenisa Waqairadovu |title=Storm surges damage homes |url=https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/storm-surges-leave-damage-on-maritime-islands/ |access-date=17 January 2022 |work=FBC News |date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117084012/https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/storm-surges-leave-damage-on-maritime-islands/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Fijivillage|title=Ono-i-Lau, Vatoa, parts of Kadavu, Rewa Delta and the North have been affected by the Tongan volcanic eruption|url=https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Ono-i-Lau-Vatoa-parts-of-Kadavu-Rewa-Delta-and-the-North-have-been-affected-by-the-Tongan-volcanic-eruption--fx5r48/|access-date=17 January 2022|website=www.fijivillage.com|language=en|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117084403/https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Ono-i-Lau-Vatoa-parts-of-Kadavu-Rewa-Delta-and-the-North-have-been-affected-by-the-Tongan-volcanic-eruption--fx5r48/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Satu orang di [[Itoman]], [[Okinawa]], Jepang terjatuh selama evakuasi.<ref name="JAPAN">{{Cite web|title=トンガ諸島の火山噴火に伴う津波による被害及び|language=ja|publisher=[[Fire and Disaster Management Agency]]|url=https://www.fdma.go.jp/disaster/info/items/20210116tunamikeihou3.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=16 January 2022|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116115927/https://www.fdma.go.jp/disaster/info/items/20210116tunamikeihou3.pdf}}</ref> Sejumlah perahu nelayan di [[Prefektur Kochi|Kochi]] dan [[Prefektur Mie|Mie]] terbalik atau tenggelam. Sebanyak 30 kapal penangkap ikan hilang. Di [[Muroto]], lima perahu kecil tenggelam dan lima perahu lainnya hilang. Sebuah kapal kecil terbalik dan tenggelam di [[Owase]]. Tsunami juga merusak jaring ikan di pantai di [[Prefektur Tokushima|Tokoshima]].<ref name="NHK3">{{cite news |title=阪神・淡路大震災27年 追悼の灯ろう |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20220116/k10013433281000.html |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[NHK]] |date=16 January 2022 |language=ja |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115235127/http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20220116/k10013433281000.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Transportasi darat, laut dan udara terpengaruh dengan 27 penerbangan dalam negeri yang dioperasikan [[Japan Air Lines]] dibatalkan karena peringatan itu.<ref name="Kyodo1">{{cite news|date=16 January 2022|title=Japan sees tsunami but no major damage after Tonga volcano eruption|work=[[Kyodo News]]|url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2022/01/cf82db4e9f53-urgent-japans-pacific-coast-hit-by-tsunami-after-tonga-eruption.html|url-status=live|access-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116003512/https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2022/01/cf82db4e9f53-urgent-japans-pacific-coast-hit-by-tsunami-after-tonga-eruption.html|archive-date=16 January 2022}}</ref>
Tsunami menyebabkan kerusakan material yang serius kepada operator tur Sea Quest Hawaii di [[Kailua-Kona]], Hawaii, ketika 80% dari inventaris dan peralatannya hilang. Kerusakan besar kepada produk ritel dan kantor bisnis berjumlah sedikitnya $75 ribu.<ref name="Yee">{{cite news |author1=Chelsee Yee |title=‘This loss will hurt’: Hawaii business sees major damage after eruption in Tonga sends tsunami waves |url=https://www.khon2.com/local-news/this-loss-will-hurt-hawaii-business-sees-major-damage-after-eruption-in-tonga-sends-tsunami-waves/ |access-date=17 January 2022 |work=[[KHON2]] |date=17 January 2022 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118004018/https://www.khon2.com/local-news/this-loss-will-hurt-hawaii-business-sees-major-damage-after-eruption-in-tonga-sends-tsunami-waves/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Pantai dan dermaga dibanjiri oleh gelombang ombak di kota. Kano milik beberapa klub rusak dan berserakan di pantai atau di dinding batu karena ombak. Perahu diseret ke daratan atau di dermaga setelah gelombang surut.<ref name="HNN">{{cite news |author1=HNN Staff |title=Clean-up efforts underway following tsunami surge triggered by Tonga eruption |url=https://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/2022/01/16/clean-up-efforts-underway-following-tsunami-surge-triggered-by-tonga-eruption/ |access-date=17 January 2022 |work=[[Hawaii News Now]] |date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116194121/https://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/2022/01/16/clean-up-efforts-underway-following-tsunami-surge-triggered-by-tonga-eruption/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
▲Tsunami
▲
Penerbangan ke Tonga dan wilayah sekitarnya terganggu oleh sisa abu vulkanik. [[Air New Zealand]] menyatakan penerbangan repatriasi ke Tonga yang semula dijadwalkan pada 20 Januari ditunda tanpa batas waktu. [[Fiji Airways]] mengumumkan semua penerbangan ke Tonga ditunda serta beberapa layanan ke Australia dapat mengalami penundaan dan waktu penerbangan yang lebih lama.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 January 2022|title=Tonga volcano eruption: Air New Zealand postpones repatriation flight due to ash clouds|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/459696/tonga-volcano-eruption-air-new-zealand-postpones-repatriation-flight-due-to-ash-clouds|access-date=17 January 2022|website=RNZ|language=en-nz|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117042631/https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/459696/tonga-volcano-eruption-air-new-zealand-postpones-repatriation-flight-due-to-ash-clouds|url-status=live}}</ref> Sebuah penerbangan [[Aircalin]] dari [[Tokyo]] ke [[Nouméa]] dialihkan ke Brisbane untuk menghindari abu vulkanik dengan penerbangan berikutnya dari Nouméa ke [[Sydney]] ditunda.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 January 2022|title=In brief: News from around the Pacific|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/459681/in-brief-news-from-around-the-pacific|access-date=17 January 2022|website=RNZ|language=en-nz|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117070944/https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/459681/in-brief-news-from-around-the-pacific|url-status=live}}</ref> Awan abu mencapai Queensland pada 17 Januari, sehingga menciptakan matahari terbit yang menakutkan, spektakuler, dan luar biasa.<ref>{{Cite news|date=17 January 2022|title=Stunning skies and a golden orb light up Queensland after Tongan volcano|language=en-AU|work=ABC News|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-01-17/volcanic-ash-creates-eerie-sunrise-in-queensland/100760792|access-date=17 January 2022|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117084016/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-01-17/volcanic-ash-creates-eerie-sunrise-in-queensland/100760792|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Penyelamatan ==
Operasi penyelamatan sedang berlangsung di [[Pulau
== Pendampingan ==
Jacinda menyebut para pejabat di [[Kementerian Luar Negeri (Selandia Baru)|Kementerian Luar Negeri]] sedang
Tonga telah menerima tawaran dari Pemerintah Australia yaitu penerbangan pengawasan untuk menilai kerusakan. Pesawat [[Boeing P-8 Poseidon]] dari Angkatan Pertahanan Australia direncanakan berangkat pada pagi 17 Januari ke Tonga untuk mengamati kerusakan jalan raya, pelabuhan, dan saluran listrik.<ref name="MFAAus">{{cite web |publisher=Government of Australia |title=Australia to provide assistance to Tonga following volcanic eruption and tsunami |url=https://www.foreignminister.gov.au/minister/marise-payne/media-release/australia-provide-assistance-tonga-following-volcanic-eruption-and-tsunami |department=Minister for Foreign Affairs |access-date=16 January 2022 |date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116073634/https://www.foreignminister.gov.au/minister/marise-payne/media-release/australia-provide-assistance-tonga-following-volcanic-eruption-and-tsunami |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=16 January 2022 |title=Australia and New Zealand send flights to assess damage from Tonga volcano eruption |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-01-17/tonga-volcano-surveillance-flights-tsunami-warning-damage/100760394 |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117031231/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-01-17/tonga-volcano-surveillance-flights-tsunami-warning-damage/100760394 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Defence |first=Department of |date=2022-01-18 |title=ADF supports Australia's response in Tonga |url=https://news.defence.gov.au/international/adf-supports-australias-response-tonga |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220120002031/https://news.defence.gov.au/international/adf-supports-australias-response-tonga |archive-date=2022-01-20 |access-date=2022-01-19 |website=news.defence.gov.au |language=en |dead-url=no }}</ref> Pemerintah Australia dan Selandia Baru juga mengumumkan bahwa mereka mengoordinasikan tanggapan kemanusiaan mereka dengan Prancis dan Amerika Serikat.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theage.com.au/politics/federal/tsunami-warning-australia-new-zealand-combine-for-tonga-disaster-response-20220116-p59omh.html|title=Australia, New Zealand combine for Tonga disaster response|newspaper=The Age|date=16 January 2022|access-date=16 January 2022|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116105730/https://www.theage.com.au/politics/federal/tsunami-warning-australia-new-zealand-combine-for-tonga-disaster-response-20220116-p59omh.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/17/tonga-calls-for-immediate-aid-after-volcanic-eruption-tsunami|title=Tonga calls for ‘immediate aid’ after volcanic eruption, tsunami|date=17 January 2022|website=www.aljazeera.com|publisher=Al Jazeera Media Network|access-date=17 January 2022|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117031229/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/17/tonga-calls-for-immediate-aid-after-volcanic-eruption-tsunami|url-status=live}}</ref> Bantuan dari Prancis diberikan melalui mekanisme bantuan kemanusiaan dari [[Hubungan Prancis dengan Selandia Baru#Perjanjian FRANZ|Perjanjian FRANZ]] dengan Australia dan Selandia Baru.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/first-death-in-tonga-volcano-blast-as-nation-remains-cut-off-/6400782.html|title=First Death Reported in Tonga Volcano Blast as Nation Remains Cut Off|website=www.voanews.com|date=17 January 2022|access-date=18 January 2022|publisher=Voice of America|archive-date=18 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118151756/https://www.voanews.com/a/first-death-in-tonga-volcano-blast-as-nation-remains-cut-off-/6400782.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada 17 Januari, para pejabat di Tonga meminta bantuan segera. Ketua Dewan Legislatif Tonga Fatafehi Fakafanua dalam sebuah posting media sosial menulis bahwa Tonga membutuhkan bantuan segera untuk menyediakan air minum dan makanan segar bagi warga Tonga. [[Gerakan Palang Merah dan Bulan Sabit Merah Internasional]] dan [[Forum Pulau Pasifik]] telah menawarkan bantuannya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tonga calls for 'immediate aid' after volcanic eruption, tsunami|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/17/tonga-calls-for-immediate-aid-after-volcanic-eruption-tsunami|access-date=17 January 2022|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117031229/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/17/tonga-calls-for-immediate-aid-after-volcanic-eruption-tsunami|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Tearfund]] dan [[Oxfam]] memberikan bantuan langsung dengan mendukung orang-orang dengan makanan dan air. Oxfam memiliki unit filter di Tongatapu yang dapat mengubah air asin menjadi air minum. [[UNICEF]] akan bekerja dengan pemerintah Tonga untuk menjangkau anak-anak dan keluarga yang terkena dampak. UNESCO juga siap mengangkut pasokan daruratnya dari Fiji dan Brisbane.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 January 2022|title=Tonga eruption: Aid agencies look at how best to support Tongans|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/459685/tonga-eruption-aid-agencies-look-at-how-best-to-support-tongans|access-date=17 January 2022|website=RNZ|language=en-nz|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117042428/https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/459685/tonga-eruption-aid-agencies-look-at-how-best-to-support-tongans|url-status=live}}</ref>
Pada 17 Januari, [[Perhimpunan Palang Merah Tiongkok]] memutuskan memberikan US$100 ribu bantuan kemanusiaan darurat tunai ke pihak Tonga,<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Zhao Lijian’s Regular Press Conference on January 17, 2022 |url=http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/lcbt/wjbfyrbt/202201/t20220117_10598778.htm |website=Foreign Ministry Spokesperson's Remarks |publisher=Embassy of the People's Republic of China to the United States of America |access-date=18 January 2022 |date=18 January 2022 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220118221437/http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/lcbt/wjbfyrbt/202201/t20220117_10598778.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> sementara Pemerintah Tiongkok mengatakan akan mengirimkan sejumlah bahan bantuan bencana ke Tonga atas permintaan negara kepulauan Pasifik Selatan.<ref>{{cite news |title=China to deliver disaster-relief supplies to Tonga: FM spokesperson |url=https://english.news.cn/20220118/07d4204189404b778a3cdfec2abe4a01/c.html |access-date=18 January 2022 |agency=Xinhua News Agency |date=18 January 2022 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220118222006/https://english.news.cn/20220118/07d4204189404b778a3cdfec2abe4a01/c.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Pada 18 Januari, [[Masyarakat Palang Merah Singapura]] menjanjikan bantuan sebesar $50.000 kepada Tonga dan juga mengumumkan upaya penggalangan dana untuk menggalang lebih banyak bantuan bagi mereka yang terkena dampak tsunami.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ting |first1=Choo Yun |title=Singapore Red Cross pledges $50,000 to aid tsunami-hit Tonga and will launch fund-raising appeal |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/australianz/singapore-red-cross-pledges-50000-to-aid-tsunami-hit-tonga-and-will-launch-fund-raising-appeal |access-date=18 January 2022 |work=[[Straits Times]] |date=18 January 2022 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118122125/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/australianz/singapore-red-cross-pledges-50000-to-aid-tsunami-hit-tonga-and-will-launch-fund-raising-appeal|url-status=live}}</ref>
Aiyaz mengatakan bahwa Fiji bekerja dengan Selandia Baru dan Australia untuk mengoordinasikan upaya bantuan regional. Ia juga menambahkan bahwa Fiji telah menawarkan untuk mengirimkan personel [[Angkatan Militer Eepublik Fiji|RFMF]] dan insinyur yang akan bergabung dengan Angkatan Pertahanan Australia. Pasokan bantuan juga akan dikirim ke kelompok Lau yang terkena dampak tsunami.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pratap |first=Ritika |date=19 January 2022 |title=RFMF to assist Tonga through ADF |url=https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/rfmf-to-assist-tonga-through-adf/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220119085803/https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/rfmf-to-assist-tonga-through-adf/ |archive-date=2022-01-19 |access-date=2022-01-19 |website=Fiji Broadcasting Corporation |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Krishant |first=Naveel |date=19 January 2022 |title=Govt to send immediate relief supplies to the Lau Group tomorrow |url=https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Govt-to-send-immediate-relief-supplies-to-the-Lau-Group-tomorrow-x548rf/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220119090752/https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Govt-to-send-immediate-relief-supplies-to-the-Lau-Group-tomorrow-x548rf/ |archive-date=2022-01-19 |access-date=2022-01-19 |website=www.fijivillage.com |language=en |dead-url=no }}</ref>
== Lihat pula ==
Baris 176 ⟶ 228:
== Pranala luar ==
* {{Commons category-inline|2022
* [https://reliefweb.int/disaster/vo-2022-000005-ton ReliefWeb's main page Tonga: Volcanic Eruption and Tsunami – Jan 2022]
* [https://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/satellite-blog/archives/44252 CIMSS Satellite Blog]
{{Topik Tonga}}
[[Kategori:Tonga dalam tahun 2022]]
[[Kategori:Tsunami gunung berapi]]
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