Letusan dan tsunami Hunga Tonga 2022: Perbedaan antara revisi
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{{penjelasan singkat|Letusan gunung berapi dan tsunami di Hunga Tonga}}
{{Infobox eruption
| name = Letusan dan tsunami Hunga Tonga 2022
| image = Tonga Volcano Eruption 2022-01-15
| caption = Animasi satelit dari semburan abu awal dan ledakan sonik pada tanggal 15 Januari selama periode 1 jam 40 menit
| start_date =
| end_date =
| volcano = [[Hunga Tonga]]
| type =
| location = [[Samudra Pasifik]], [[Tonga]]
| coordinates = {{coord|20.550|S|175.385|W|name=Hunga Tonga}}
| VEI = 6
| map = {{Location map|Tonga#Samudra Pasifik
| width = 250
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| mark = Mountain sign.svg
| marksize =
}}
| map_caption =
| impact =
}}
Letusan besar [[Hunga Tonga]], sebuah pulau vulkanik di [[Tonga]] di [[Samudra Pasifik]], terjadi pada 14 dan 15 Januari 2022. Hunga Tonga terletak 65 km di utara [[Tongatapu]], pulau utama Tonga dan dan merupakan bagian dari [[busur vulkanik]] Tonga–[[Kepulauan Kermadec]] yang sangat aktif, [[zona subduksi]] yang membentang dari utara-timur laut Selandia Baru hingga Fiji.<ref>{{cite gvp |vn=243040 |name=Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai}}</ref><ref>Clift, Peter D.; Rose, Estelle F.; Shimizu, Nobumichi; Layne, Graham D.; Draut, Amy E.; and Regelous, Marcel. "Tracing the Evolving Flux From the Subducting Plate in the Tonga-Kermadec Arc System Using Boron in Volcanic Glass." ''Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta.'' 65:19 (October 2001). {{doi|10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00670-6}}</ref><ref name="Gupta">Gupta, Alok K. ''Igneous Rocks.'' Mumbai, India: Allied Publishers, 1998. {{ISBN|81-7023-784-X}}</ref> Letusan ini menyebabkan [[tsunami]] di Tonga, Fiji, [[Samoa Amerika]], [[Vanuatu]], dan di sepanjang tepi [[Samudra Pasifik]], termasuk tsunami yang merusak di [[Selandia Baru]], [[Jepang]], [[Amerika Serikat]], [[Timur Jauh Rusia]], [[Chili]], dan [[Peru]]. Tiga orang tewas dan banyak orang yang masih hilang di Tonga akibat gelombang tsunami setinggi 15 meter. Dua orang tenggelam di Peru ketika gelombang setinggi 2 meter menghantam pantai. Data awal menunjukkan bahwa peristiwa ini mungkin merupakan letusan gunung berapi terbesar pada abad ke-21 sejak [[letusan Gunung Pinatubo 1991]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Tonga eruption likely the world's largest in 30 years |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/world/459657/tonga-eruption-likely-the-world-s-largest-in-30-years|website=rnz.co.nz|date=17 January 2022|access-date=16 January 2022|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116200252/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/world/459657/tonga-eruption-likely-the-world-s-largest-in-30-years-scientist|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Aktivitas vulkanik ==
Setelah cenderung tidak aktif sejak 2014,<ref>{{cite news|first=Aina J.|last=Khan|title=Tsunami Reported in Tonga After an Underwater Volcano Eruption|date=15 January 2022|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/15/world/asia/tonga-volcano-tsunami.html|access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref> gunung berapi [[Hunga Tonga]] meletus pada 20 Desember 2021 dengan mengirimkan partikulat ke stratosfer dan gumpalan abu besar yang terlihat dari ibu kota [[Tonga]] [[Nuku'alofa]] (sekitar 70 km dari gunung berapi).<ref name=MT2021a/>
[[Berkas:G17 sector tsp GEOCOLOR 24fr 20220115-0412.gif|
[[
Sebuah letusan besar yang bermula pada 14 Januari mengirimkan awan abu sejauh 20 kilometer ke atmosfer. Pemerintah Tonga mengeluarkan peringatan tsunami kepada warga.<ref name="RNZ 1">{{cite news |title=Underwater volcano Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai erupts again |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/459572/underwater-volcano-hunga-tonga-hunga-ha-apai-erupts-again |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[Radio New Zealand]] |date=14 January 2022 |archive-date=14 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114115608/https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/459572/underwater-volcano-hunga-tonga-hunga-ha-apai-erupts-again |url-status=live}}</ref> Geologiwan Tonga di dekat gunung berapi mengamati ledakan dan kolom abu selebar 5 kilometer.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://matangitonga.to/2022/01/15/tongan-geologists-stunning-Jan14eruptions |title=Tongan geologists observe stunning eruptions at Hunga |publisher=Matangi Tonga |date=15 January 2022 |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115054357/https://matangitonga.to/2022/01/15/tongan-geologists-stunning-Jan14eruptions |archive-date=15 January 2022}}</ref>
Keesokan harinya, letusan yang jauh lebih besar terjadi sekitar 17:15 (04:15 UTC).<ref name="ANSS5.8">{{cite web|date=15 January 2022|title=M 5.8 Volcanic Eruption - 68 km NNW of Nuku'alofa, Tonga|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/pt22015050/executive|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20220117103554/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/pt22015050/executive|archive-date=17 January 2022|access-date=15 January 2022|publisher=USGS}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> VAAC kembali menerbitkan pemberitahuan kepada maskapai penerbangan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vaac.metservice.com/dynamic/vaa/243040_2022_18.txt |title=VA ADVISORY |publisher=VAAC Wellington |date=15 January 2022 |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115055857/http://vaac.metservice.com/dynamic/vaa/243040_2022_18.txt |archive-date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Abu dari letusan ini mendarat di pulau utama Tonga sehingga menutupi matahari dan mengubah siang menjadi malam. Ledakan keras terdengar di Nuku'alofa serta batu-batu kecil dan abu menghujani dari langit.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kanivatonga.nz/2022/01/new-tsunami-warning-as-waves-hitting-tonga/ |title=New tsunami warning as waves hitting Tonga |publisher=Kaniva Tonga |date=15 January 2022 |access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Banyak penduduk di Tonga terjebak dalam kemacetan saat mencoba melarikan diri ke tempat yang lebih tinggi.<ref name="Cheer">{{cite news |author1=Louise Cheer |title=Tsunami hits Tonga after 'catastrophic' volcano eruption |url=https://au.news.yahoo.com/tsunami-hits-tonga-after-catastrophic-volcano-eruption-060809732.html |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=Yahoo News Australia |date=15 January 2022}}</ref>
Ledakan itu terdengar hingga Samoa kira-kira sejauh 840 kilometer sebelum suara itu menyebar ke negara-negara yang lebih jauh.<ref>{{cite web|last=Narayan|first=Vijay|title=Loud thundery sounds being experienced in Fiji are from the huge volcanic eruption in Tonga|url=https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Loud-thundery-sounds-being-experienced-in-Fiji-are-from-the-huge-volcanic-eruption-in-Tonga--5r4xf8/|url-status=live |access-date=15 January 2022|publisher=Fiji Village|date=15 January 2022|archive-date=15 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115065202/https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Loud-thundery-sounds-being-experienced-in-Fiji-are-from-the-huge-volcanic-eruption-in-Tonga--5r4xf8/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/world/south-pacific/300496665/screams-everywhere-tsunami-waves-crash-through-homes-in-tonga-after-eruption|title='Screams everywhere': Tsunami waves crash through homes in Tonga after eruption|first1=Hannah|last1=Martin|first2=Skara|last2=Bohny|first3=Stephanie|last3=Ockhuysen |first4=Torika|last4=Tokalau|publisher=Stuff|date=15 January 2022|access-date=15 January 2022|archive-date=15 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115155105/https://www.stuff.co.nz/world/south-pacific/300496665/tsunami-waves-crash-through-homes-in-tonga-after-underwater-volcano-eruption|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=talanei>{{cite news|first=Monica|last=Miller|title=Prayers for the people of Tonga|url=https://www.talanei.com/2022/01/15/prayers-for-the-people-of-tonga/|publisher=Talanei|date=15 January 2022|access-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117010642/https://www.talanei.com/2022/01/15/prayers-for-the-people-of-tonga/|archive-date=17 January 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Penduduk di Fiji mendengar suara guntur, sementara dentuman letusan juga dilaporkan di [[Niue]], dan [[Vanuatu]].<ref name=rnz4>{{cite news |first= |last= |title=Cyclone Cody: Latest developments from New Zealand and the Pacific after Tonga tsunami and eruption |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/459631/cyclone-cody-latest-developments-from-new-zealand-and-the-pacific-after-tonga-tsunami-and-eruption |work=[[Radio New Zealand]] |date=2022-01-16 |access-date=2022-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116131325/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/459631/cyclone-cody-latest-developments-from-new-zealand-and-the-pacific-after-tonga-tsunami-and-eruption |archive-date=16 January 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> Getaran dan bangunan yang bergetar dilaporkan oleh penduduk di barat daya Niue, sekitar [[Alofi]] dan [[Avatele]].<ref name=tvniue>{{cite news |first=Esther |last=Pavihi |title=Yesterday’s Hunga-Tonga volcano eruption was heard and felt in Niue but no tsunami impact |url=https://tvniue.com/2022/01/yesterdays-hunga-tonga-volcano-eruption-was-heard-and-felt-in-niue-but-no-tsunami-impact/ |work=[[Television Niue]] |date=2022-01-16 |access-date=2022-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116132633/https://tvniue.com/2022/01/yesterdays-hunga-tonga-volcano-eruption-was-heard-and-felt-in-niue-but-no-tsunami-impact/ |archive-date=16 January 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> Letusan ini terdengar lebih dari 2.000 km jauhnya di Selandia Baru ketika suara itu tiba dua jam kemudian.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/127515677/rapid-bang-kiwis-hear-tongan-volcano-erupt-from-thousands-of-kilometres-away|title='Rapid bang': Kiwis hear Tongan volcano erupt from thousands of kilometres away|website=stuff.co.nz|date=16 January 2022|access-date=16 January 2022|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116105715/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/127515677/rapid-bang-kiwis-hear-tongan-volcano-erupt-from-thousands-of-kilometres-away|url-status=live}}</ref>
Serangkaian ledakan terdengar sekitar pukul 3:30 di [[Anchorage]], Alaska, dan sekitarnya sekitar 9.700 km dari gunung berapi dan berlangsung sekitar 30 menit. Kebisingan frekuensi rendah bertahan selama kurang lebih dua jam.<ref>{{cite news|first=Annie|last=Berman|newspaper=Anchorage Daily News|date=16 January 2022|access-date=17 January 2022|title=Volcano eruption near Tonga causes booms heard by Alaskans nearly 6000 miles away|url=https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/science/2022/01/15/volcano-eruption-near-tonga-causes-booms-heard-by-alaskans-nearly-6000-miles-away/|archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116084124/https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/science/2022/01/15/volcano-eruption-near-tonga-causes-booms-heard-by-alaskans-nearly-6000-miles-away/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ledakan terdengar di seluruh Selandia Baru hingga [[Yukon]] di [[Kanada]].<ref name="Smith">{{cite news|author1=Oli Smith|title=Tonga tsunami: Satellite footage shows moment of volcanic shockwave - apocalyptic scenes|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1550449/Tonga-tsunami-volcano-eruption-video-satellite-footage-American-Samoa-evacuation-vn|access-date=15 January 2022|publisher=Daily Express|date=15 January 2022|archive-date=15 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115155102/https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1550449/Tonga-tsunami-volcano-eruption-video-satellite-footage-American-Samoa-evacuation-vn|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/noise-from-underwater-volcanic-eruption-across-the-pacific-heard-in-the-yukon-1.6316510|title=Noise from underwater volcanic eruption across the Pacific heard in the Yukon|date=15 January 2022|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|website=cbc.ca|last=Carroll|first=Luke|access-date=16 January 2022|archive-date=15 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115190844/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/noise-from-underwater-volcanic-eruption-across-the-pacific-heard-in-the-yukon-1.6316510|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:Hunga Tonga eruption 2022-01-15 4000Z-0850Z GOES-17.gif|thumb|240px|Gelombang kejut rekaman dari [[NOAA]]]]
Dari luar angkasa, [[kolom letusan]] yang sangat lebar dan gelombang kejut tertangkap menyebar melintasi Samudra Pasifik oleh satelit.<ref name="Smith"/> Gelombang tekanan diukur oleh stasiun cuaca di seluruh Selandia Baru pada amplitudo maksimum sekitar 7 [[hPa]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2022-01-15|title=A pressure surge from the latest eruption of the Hunga-Tonga-Hunga-Ha'apai volcano in Tonga has been observed in our weather stations across the country this evening. Note, times are in UTC, so 06:00 UTC is 19:00 NZ Time.|url=https://twitter.com/metservice/status/1482247777891799042|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-15|website=Twitter
Aktivitas [[petir]] yang intens tercatat selama tahap letusan. Jaringan Deteksi Petir Nasional Vaisala mendeteksi petir dalam bentuk [[gelombang radio]]. Ratusan hingga ribuan kilatan petir direkam oleh sistem selama dua minggu sebelum letusan. Dari 14 hingga 15 Januari 2022, puluhan ribu kilatan petir terjadi.<ref name="Andrews"/> Antara 05:00 dan 06:00 15 Januari 2022 UTC, 200 ribu kilatan direkam.<ref name="Andrews">{{cite web|author1=Robin George Andrews|title=The Tonga eruption explained, from tsunami warnings to sonic booms |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/the-science-behind-the-tonga-eruption-and-tsunami|publisher=National Geographic|access-date=16 January 2022|date=16 January 2022|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050559/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/the-science-behind-the-tonga-eruption-and-tsunami|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|author=Chris Vagasky|user=COweatherman|number=1482352436849176577|title=Some hourly statistics from this latest #HungaTongaHungaHaapai #HungaTonga #Volcano Eruption. Peak hourly rate was 200,000 discharges between 0500 and 0600 UTC! Just absolutely amazing.|access-date=16 January 2022}}</ref>
Pengamatan awal menunjukkan bahwa kolom letusan menyemburkan banyak material vulkanik ke stratosfer. Letusan ini berpotensi menyebabkan beberapa efek iklim sementara.<ref>{{cite tweet |user=Weather_West |number=1482371720237490178 |title=It appears likely that massive Hunga-Tonga eruption produced powerful enough eruption plume to inject significant amount of material well into stratosphere. Violent eruption of tropical volcano like this fits profile of event that could have small, temporary climate effect...}}</ref> Perhitungan selanjutnya menunjukkan bahwa letusan ini menyuntikkan sekitar 0,4 teragram sulfur dioksida ke stratosfer dan tidak mungkin memiliki efek pendinginan global.<ref>{{cite web|last=Morton|first=Jamie|date=17 January 2022|title=No, Hunga-Tonga eruption won't slow global warming|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/no-hunga-tonga-eruption-wont-slow-global-warming/MWLPEPNRN4VRRSLRAB6OR6QT7E/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://
Menurut peneliti [[Jurusan Fisika Universitas Oxford|Jurusan Fisika]] [[Universitas Oxford]] Simon Proud, kolom letusan naik sejauh 39 kilometer di atas permukaan bumi.<ref name="Pultarova">{{cite web |author1=Tereza Pultarova |title=Ash from Tonga volcano eruption reaches record altitude but climate cooling unlikely |url=https://www.space.com/tonga-volcano-eruption-wont-cool-climate |website=[[Space.com]] |publisher=[[Future US]] |access-date=19 January 2022 |date=18 January 2022 |archive-date=19 January 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220119004040/https://www.space.com/tonga-volcano-eruption-wont-cool-climate |url-status=live }}</ref>
Tsunami biasanya dipicu oleh [[gempa bumi]] alih-alih gunung berapi.<ref name=kreiger_15012022>{{cite news|first=Lisa M.|last=Krieger|title=Volcanic tsunamis: Why they are so difficult to predict|date=15 January 2022|newspaper=The Mercury News|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2022/01/15/volcanic-tsunamis-why-they-are-so-difficult-to-predict/|access-date=16 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Nick
== Tsunami ==
=== Oseania ===
{{multiple image
| width = 220
| direction = vertical
| image1 = Hunga Tonga 2022 tsunami travel time.jpg
| caption1 =
| image2 = Modeled maximum tsunami amplitude January 15, 2022 Tonga.png
| caption2 = Dampak tsunami di sepanjang [[Samudra Pasifik]]
}}
{{External media|float=Yes|title=Nuku’alofa Tonga.|video1=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CR-EMb3aEmE Video of the tsunami waves hitting the capital, filmed by a resident, Mamani moe me’a fakaofō on YouTube]}}
Sebagai akibat dari letusan ini, tsunami setinggi 1,2 m menerjang Nuku'alofa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/tsunami/national.shtml#nationalBulletin0|title=National No Threat Bulletin issued 4:58PM AEDT Saturday 15 January 2022|publisher=Australian Bureau of Meterology|date=15 January 2022|access-date=15 January 2022|archive-date=
Berdasarkan laporan tidak resmi tentang tsunami di Tonga, Risklayer mengembangkan peta genangan tsunami. Dari peta, tsunami dengan ketinggian 15 meter atau lebih besar mungkin telah melanda pantai barat Pulau Tongatapu tempat kerusakan parah terjadi.<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1482835280826716165|user=DrAndreasS|title=With a first unofficial report at hand (link below), I revisited my first tsunami simulation and compared it. Inundation for Hihifo seems close to observation. Inundation in Nuku'alofa probably overestimated. Some areas still with question marks. #Tonga #Tsunami #Nukualofa|author=Andreas Schäfer|date=16 January 2022}}</ref> Pada 18 Januari, Pemerintah Tonga mengonfirmasi gelombang setinggi 15 meter melanda pantai barat Pulau Tongatapu, [[Pulau 'Eua|'Eua]], dan [[Pulau Ha'apai|Ha'apai]].<ref name="ConsulateKoT" />
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=== Asia ===
Di [[Amami]], [[Prefektur Kagoshima|Kagoshima]], [[Jepang]], tsunami setinggi 1,2 meter dilaporkan pada 11:55 [[Waktu Standar Jepang|JST]]. Di [[Tosashimizu]], [[Prefektur Kochi|Kochi]], tsunami setinggi 0,9 meter.<ref name="TBS">{{cite news |title=【速報】各地で津波を観測 |url=https://news.tbs.co.jp/newseye/tbs_newseye4448812.html |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[TBS News]] |date=16 January 2022 |language=ja |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115161218/https://news.tbs.co.jp/newseye/tbs_newseye4448812.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="toonippo">{{cite news |title=津波情報＝気象庁発表（津波観測に関する情報） |url=https://www.toonippo.co.jp/articles/-/832840 |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=Web Tooku |date=16 January 2022 |language=ja |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115170704/https://www.toonippo.co.jp/articles/-/832840 |url-status=live }}</ref> Tsunami berukuran 0,9 meter juga dilaporkan di [[Chichijima]] Futami.<ref name="Sankei">{{cite news |title=奄美に１・２メートルの津波到達 トンガ噴火影響か |url=https://www.sankei.com/article/20220116-XAGFJOVSKRO57HUWY5PSLWOAWI/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[Sankei Shimbun]] |date=16 January 2022 |language=ja |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115160429/https://www.sankei.com/article/20220116-XAGFJOVSKRO57HUWY5PSLWOAWI/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Di pantai Tohoku, gelombang setinggi 0,7 meter melanda pada 00:38 16 Januari. Di Pelabuhan [[Sendai]], tsunami mencapai 0,9 meter pada 00:08.<ref name="kahoku">{{cite news |title=仙台港などでも津波観測 トンガ沖・海底火山噴火 |url=https://kahoku.news/articles/20220116khn000002.html |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=Kahoku News |date=16 January 2022 |language=ja |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115171633/https://kahoku.news/articles/20220116khn000002.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Di [[Prefektur Iwate|Iwate]], tsunami setinggi 1,1 meter tercatat pada 02:26 16 Januari. Gelombang tsunami kurang dari satu meter dilaporkan di sepanjang pantai Pasifik [[Hokkaido]]. Ini adalah peringatan tsunami pertama di negara ini sejak [[gempa bumi Fukushima 2016]].<ref name="JP">{{cite news |title=Japan's Pacific coast hit by tsunami waves after Tonga eruption |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2022/01/16/national/japan-tsunami-tonga-volcano/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[The Japan Times]] |date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115191114/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2022/01/16/national/japan-tsunami-tonga-volcano/ |url-status=live }}</ref> JMA menyebut tsunami melanda 2,5 jam lebih awal daripada yang diperkirakan.<ref>{{cite news |title=JMA: Tsunami from eruption lacks usual features |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20220116_34/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[NHK]] |date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116105730/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20220116_34/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Gelombang tsunami kecil teramati di pantai [[Taiwan]]. Ketinggian tsunami yaitu 0,4 meter di [[Danau Houbi]], [[Kabupaten Pingtung|Pingtung]], diikuti oleh 0,38 meter di [[Kepulauan Lanyu]], [[Kabupaten Taitung|Taitung]], 0,36 meter di [[Kabupaten Yilan|Yilan]], 0,31 meter di [[Su'ao]], dan 0,29 meter di [[Kabupaten Hualien|Hualien]]. Gelombang juga teramati di [[Chenggong]] dengan ketinggian 0,25 meter, dan di [[Kaohsiung]] setinggi 0,24 meter.<ref name="Zixian">{{cite news |author1=Wu Zixian |date=16 January 2022 |title=高屏宜花東海嘯水位「亮黃燈」？ 鄭明典揭台灣影響 |language=zh|trans-title=Gaoping Yihua East tsunami water level "bright yellow"? Zheng Mingdian exposes the influence of Taiwan |work=[[United Daily News]] |url=https://udn.com/news/story/7266/6037148?from=udn-referralnews_ch2artbottom |url-status=live |access-date=20 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120005526/https://udn.com/news/story/7266/6037148?from=udn-referralnews_ch2artbottom |archive-date=20 January 2022}}</ref>
Di [[Pulau Jeju]], [[Korea Selatan]], terdapat fluktuasi setinggi 15-20 sentimeter di permukaan laut.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Choi|first=Woo-ri|url=https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_international/1027664.html|title=[News analysis] Volcano eruption in Tonga not likely to be last of this century, scientists warn|date=17 January 2022|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://archive.today/20220117160145/https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_international/1027664.html|url-status=live|access-date=17 January 2022}}</ref>
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Peringatan tsunami dikeluarkan oleh [[Biro Meteorologi]] di Australia dengan peringatan darat dikeluarkan untuk [[Pulau Norfolk]] dan [[Pulau Lord Howe]], dan peringatan laut untuk pantai timur Australia, [[Tasmania]] dan [[Pulau Macquarie]].<ref name=":0" /> Pada 06:55 16 Januari, peringatan tsunami laut dikeluarkan untuk [[New South Wales]], [[Queensland]], [[Victoria]], dan [[Tasmania]] karena arus kuat dan berbahaya.<ref name="Hussey">{{cite news |author1=Sam Hussey |author2=Gus Bruno |title=Beaches evacuated and closed as Bureau of Meteorology updates tsunami warning for Australia's east coast |url=https://7news.com.au/weather/tsunami/tonga-tsunami-triggers-marine-warnings-c-5324422 |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[7News]] |date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050616/https://7news.com.au/weather/tsunami/tonga-tsunami-triggers-marine-warnings-c-5324422 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[Badan Meteorologi Jepang]] (Japan Meteorological Agency, JMA) memberitahu penduduk bahwa sedikit gangguan di laut dapat terjadi tanpa kerusakan apapun.<ref name="gbp">{{cite news |title=Tonga hit by tsunami after undersea volcano eruption |url=https://www.gpb.org/news/2022/01/15/tonga-hit-by-tsunami-after-undersea-volcano-eruption |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[The Associated Press]] |agency=Georgia Public Broadcasting |date=15 January 2022 |archive-date=2022-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115155108/https://www.gpb.org/news/2022/01/15/volcano-erupts-in-the-pacific-triggering-tsunami-advisory-for-the-west-coast |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Tsunami tidak akan menimbulkan ancaman bagi garis pantai Jepang. Pejabat dari JMA mengatakan bahwa kenaikan permukaan laut tidak lebih dari 20 sentimeter dapat diperkirakan terjadi selama 24 jam mulai 21:00 JST.<ref name="NHK">{{cite news |title=Officials: No tsunami threat to Japan |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20220115_19/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[NHK]] |date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Peringatan tsunami dikeluarkan di [[Kepulauan Amami]] dan [[Kepulauan Tokara]] oleh JMA dengan perkiraan gelombang hingga 3 meter. Peringatan tambahan dikeluarkan di pantai timur dan tenggara untuk gelombang setinggi 1 meter.<ref name="NHK1">{{cite news |title=奄美群島・トカラ列島に津波警報（予想高さ ３ｍ） |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20220116/k10013432891000.html |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[NHK]] |date=16 January 2022 |language=ja}}</ref> Peringatan dan perintah evakuasi dikeluarkan untuk Iwate dan perintah evakuasi juga dikeluarkan untuk enam prefektur lainnya. Badan Penanggulangan Kebakaran dan Bencana (FDMA) menyebut 210 ribu penduduk yang tinggal di tujuh prefektur telah dievakuasi.<ref>{{cite news |title=岩手に津波警報、鹿児島は解除 7県21万人に避難指示 |url=https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOUE154CX0V10C22A1000000/ |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=Nikkei Asia |date=15 January 2022 |language=ja |quote=Nikkei |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115200113/https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOUE154CX0V10C22A1000000/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Jepang menurunkan peringatannya keesokan paginya. Rusia mengeluarkan peringatan tsunami untuk Kepulauan Kuril.<ref name=nyt_16012022/>
[[Pusat Peringatan Tsunami Nasional]] mengeluarkan peringatan tsunami di sepanjang [[Pesisir Barat Amerika Serikat]] dan [[British Columbia]], [[Kanada]].<ref name="Hamer"/><ref>{{cite news|first=Michael|last=Bartiromo|title=Tsunami advisory issued for West Coast after eruption of undersea volcano|date=January 15, 2022|website=WRIC.com|url=https://www.wric.com/news/u-s-world/tsunami-advisory-issued-for-west-coast-after-eruption-of-undersea-volcano/|access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Nasihat itu berisi semua wilayah AS di sepanjang Pantai Barat dari [[California Selatan]] hingga [[Alaska]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Tsunami advisory issued for West Coast after underwater volcano erupts near Tonga|date=January 15, 2022|website=10News.com|url=https://www.10news.com/news/national/tsunami-advisory-issued-for-west-coast-after-underwater-volcano-erupts-near-tonga|access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Pantai ditutup dan penduduk pesisir diminta pindah ke tempat yang lebih tinggi.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tsunami advisory issued for California coast; beaches closed, waves expected|date=15 January 2022|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-01-15/tsunami-warning-issued-for-california-beaches-from-volcano-explosion|access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="Kwan">{{cite news |author1=Rhoda Kwan |title=Tsunami advisory issued for U.S. West Coast after undersea volcanic eruption |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/tsunami-advisory-issued-parts-us-west-coast-undersea-volcanic-eruption-rcna12350 |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[NBC News]] |date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Pertandingan berselancar yang diikuti 100 peserta dibatalkan di [[Santa Cruz]].<ref name=mercurynews_15012022/><ref>{{cite news|first=Jim|last=Seimas|title=Tsunami forces cancellation of Day 1 of USA Surfing Prime Steamer Lane|date=15 January 2021|newspaper=Santa Cruz Sentinel|url=https://www.santacruzsentinel.com/2022/01/15/tsunami-forces-cancellation-of-day-1-of-usa-surfing-prime-steamer-lane/|access-date=16 January 2022|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116051127/https://www.santacruzsentinel.com/2022/01/15/tsunami-forces-cancellation-of-day-1-of-usa-surfing-prime-steamer-lane/|url-status=live}}</ref> Gelombang tsunami berukuran 0,30–0,61 m diperkirakan akan menghantam pantai pada pukul 07:30 [[Waktu Standar Pasifik]] di sepanjang [[Pantai Tengah (California)|Pantai Tengah]].<ref name="Hamer" /> [[San Francisco]] diperkirakan menerima gelombang pada pukul 8:10.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-15|title=UPDATE: Tsunami Advisory Issued For Northern California Following Violent Volcanic Eruption Near Tonga|url=https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2022/01/15/tsunami-advisory-issued-for-northern-california-following-violent-volcanic-eruption-near-tonga/|access-date=15 January 2022|publisher=[[CBS News]]|location=San Francisco|language=en-US}}</ref> Gelombang tsunami tertinggi diperkirakan terjadi satu sampai dua jam setelah datangnya gelombang pertama.<ref name="Hamer">{{cite news |author1=Cristal Hamer |title=1-2 foot tsunami waves expected on Central Coast following Tongan volcano eruption |url=https://www.ksbw.com/article/1-2-foot-tsunami-waves-expected-on-central-coast-following-tongan-volcano-eruption/38776661# |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=[[KSBW]] |date=15 January 2022}}</ref> Peringatan tsunami diberlakukan untuk seluruh [[Hawaii]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tsunami Advisory For Hawaiʻi After Tonga Eruption|url=https://www.bigislandvideonews.com/2022/01/15/tsunami-advisory-for-hawai%CA%BBi-after-tonga-eruption/|access-date=2022-01-15|website=www.bigislandvideonews.com}}</ref> Peringatan di Kanada dikeluarkan di sepanjang pantai Utara dan Tengah British Columbia, bersama dengan kepulauan [[Haida Gwaii]] dan [[Pulau Vancouver]]. Tidak ada perintah evakuasi yang dikeluarkan, tetapi orang-orang diminta menghindari pantai dan marina. Tingkat peringatan rendah karena tinggi gelombang yang dilaporkan, karena berada di bawah ambang batas 91 sentimeter yang memerlukan peningkatan tingkat.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tsunami advisories issued for parts of B.C. as undersea volcano erupts in Pacific |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/tonga-volcano-eruption-tsunami-warning-1.6316391 |access-date=15 January 2022 |work=CBC News |publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |agency=Associated Press |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115084038/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/tonga-volcano-eruption-tsunami-warning-1.6316391 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pada pukul 12:35, peringatan tsunami untuk British Columbia akan dibatalkan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.emergencyinfobc.gov.bc.ca/tsunami-advisory-bc-jan15/|title=CANCELLED: Tsunami Advisory for BC Coast: Volcanic Eruption near the Tonga Islands. January 15, 2022.|website=emergencyinfobc.gov.bc.ca|access-date=18 January 2022|date=15 January 2022|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116000543/https://www.emergencyinfobc.gov.bc.ca/tsunami-advisory-bc-jan15/|url-status=live}}</ref> Menjelang malam, Amerika Serikat mencabut peringatan untuk Alaska, Hawaii, [[Washington (negara bagian)|Washington]], [[Oregon]], dan sebagian California. Peringatan tetap berlaku di beberapa bagian [[Pantai Tengah (California)|Pantai Tengah]] dan [[Pantai Utara (California)|Utara]] di California sampai awal hari berikutnya.<ref name=nyt_16012022>{{cite news|title=Warnings are lifted around the Pacific, as tsunami waves pass without major damage|date=16 January 2022|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/01/15/us/tsunami-california-tonga/warnings-are-lifted-around-the-pacific-as-tsunami-waves-pass-without-major-damage|access-date=16 January 2022|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116064308/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/01/15/us/tsunami-california-tonga/warnings-are-lifted-around-the-pacific-as-tsunami-waves-pass-without-major-damage|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://tsunami.gov/events/PAAQ/2022/01/15/r5qho6/23/WEAK51/WEAK51.txt |title=Public Tsunami Message Number 23 |publisher=National Tsunami Warning Center |date=January 16, 2022 |access-date=January 18, 2022 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116135534/https://www.tsunami.gov/events/PAAQ/2022/01/15/r5qho6/23/WEAK51/WEAK51.txt |url-status=live }}</ref>
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Tidak ada peringatan yang dikeluarkan untuk Peru pada awalnya. Setelah tsunami melanda, pihak berwenang menghentikan semua kegiatan maritim di pantai. 22 pelabuhan di sepanjang utara dan tengah Peru ditutup karena aktivitas tsunami.<ref name="Andina" />
Chili juga mengeluarkan peringatan untuk tsunami kecil di sebagian besar wilayah pesisirnya termasuk [[Pulau Paskah|Pulau Rapa Nui]] dengan evakuasi diumumkan untuk 12 wilayah lainnya.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Chile alerta sobre posible "tsunami menor" tras erupción de volcán en Tonga |trans-title=Chile alerts of a possible "minor tsunami" after volcanic eruption in Tonga |url=https://www.dw.com/es/chile-alerta-sobre-posible-tsunami-menor-tras-erupci%C3%B3n-de-volc%C3%A1n-en-tonga/a-60436791 |work=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=15 January 2022 |access-date=15 January 2022 |language=Spanish |archive-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115175314/https://www.dw.com/es/chile-alerta-sobre-posible-tsunami-menor-tras-erupci%C3%B3n-de-volc%C3%A1n-en-tonga/a-60436791 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Chile evacuó las costas de siete regiones por un posible "tsunami menor" tras la erupción del volcán submarino en Tonga|trans-title=Chile evacuated the coasts of seven regions due to a possible "minor tsunami" after the volcanic eruption in Tonga|url=https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2022/01/15/chile-alerto-sobre-un-posible-tsunami-menor-en-la-isla-de-pascua-tras-la-erupcion-del-volcan-submarino-en-tonga/|work=[[Infobae]]|date=15 January 2022|access-date=15 January 2022|language=Spanish|archive-date=15 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115164304/https://www.infobae.com/america/america-latina/2022/01/15/chile-alerto-sobre-un-posible-tsunami-menor-en-la-isla-de-pascua-tras-la-erupcion-del-volcan-submarino-en-tonga/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Dinas Hidrografi dan Oseanografi Angkatan Laut Chili]] menyatakan Keadaan Kewaspadaan dan mengindikasikan bahwa terdapat kemungkinan tsunami kecil di daerah terdampak. Lalu, pemberitahuan evakuasi pantai dikeluarkan di 14 dari 16 wilayah di Chili. Tingkat Peringatan Merah dikeluarkan di lebih dari 6.400 km garis pantainya. [[ONEMI|Kantor Darurat Nasional Chili]] (ONEMI) menyebut aktivitas tsunami dapat bertahan dalam semalam, sehingga mereka yang terkena dampak perlu mempertahankan persediaan dan bantuan darurat mereka.<ref name="Comercio2"
Ekuador mengeluarkan peringatan gangguan maritim untuk [[Kepulauan Galapagos]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Ecuador con advertencia de tsunami en Galápagos por erupción en Tonga |trans-title=Ecuador with tsunami warning in Galapagos due to eruption in Tonga |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/tsunami-tonga_ecuador-con-advertencia-de-tsunami-en-gal%C3%A1pagos-por-erupci%C3%B3n-en-tonga/47265266 |access-date=16 January 2022 |agency=SwissInfo |date=15 January 2022 |language=es |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116115926/https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/tsunami-tonga_ecuador-con-advertencia-de-tsunami-en-gal%C3%A1pagos-por-erupci%C3%B3n-en-tonga/47265266 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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Meksiko mengeluarkan peringatan tsunami untuk pantai di [[Baja California]], [[Jalisco]], [[Colima]], [[Michoacán]], [[Guerrero]], [[Oaxaca]] dan [[Chiapas]] serta mendesak penduduk untuk menghindari pantai dan memasuki kawasan perairan.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pachecho |first1=Adriana |title=Tsunami en Tonga provoca actividades inusuales en costas de México |trans-title=Tsunami in Tonga causes unusual activities on the coast of Mexico |url=https://mexico.as.com/mexico/2022/01/15/actualidad/1642287383_640317.html |access-date=17 January 2022 |work=[[Diario AS]] |date=15 January 2022 |language=es |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117120905/https://mexico.as.com/mexico/2022/01/15/actualidad/1642287383_640317.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika]] memastikan tsunami tidak akan berdampak hingga Indonesia.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20220115195425-199-747129/bmkg-tsunami-tonga-tak-sampai-ke-indonesia|title=BMKG: Tsunami Tonga Tak Sampai ke Indonesia|
=== 16 Januari ===
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|Beberapa
|<ref name="NHK2" /><ref name="BBC-3">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-60039617 |title=Tonga tsunami sparks 'unprecedented disaster', government says |publisher=BBC News |date=January 18, 2022 |access-date=January 18, 2022 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118114026/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-60039617 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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=== Tonga ===
[[File:NZDF over Tonga January 2022 (cropped).jpg|thumb|240px|Dampak letusan dan tsunami di [[Tonga]]]]
Belum ada informasi mengenai tingkat kerusakan dan korban dari Tonga karena masalah komunikasi.<ref name="gbp" /> Rekaman video yang menunjukkan gelombang menghantam daerah pesisir di Tonga dilaporkan oleh ''[[Sky News]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tsunami waves hit Tonga after undersea volcano eruption|url=https://news.sky.com/video/tsunami-waves-hit-tonga-after-undersea-volcano-eruption-12516512|access-date=2022-01-15|website=Sky News|language=en}}</ref> [[Pulau Atatā]], sebuah pulau kecil di lepas ibu kota, dilaporkan tenggelam dan operasi penyelamatan sedang dilakukan. Gambar menegaskan bahwa sebagian besar pulau itu telah musnah, dengan [[Angkatan Pertahanan Selandia Baru]] menyebut kerusakan itu sebagai bencana.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-19 |title=Tonga eruption, tsunami: Images appear to show most of Atatā island wiped out |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/world/459845/tonga-eruption-tsunami-images-appear-to-show-most-of-atata-island-wiped-out |access-date=2022-01-20 |website=RNZ |language=en-nz}}</ref> Terdapat beberapa laporan warga di Tonga yang kesulitan bernapas akibat abu.<ref name="1NewsLIVE" />
Menurut siaran media oleh pemerintah lewat cuitan Twitter, semua bangunan hancur di [[Pulau Mango]]. Hanya dua bangunan yang masih utuh di [[Pulau Fonoifua]] dan [[Pulau Nomuka]] mengalami kerusakan parah. 21 rumah hancur dan 35 rumah lainnya rusak parah di pantai barat Tongatapu. Delapan rumah hancur dan 20 rumah rusak berat di Nuku'alofa. 2 rumah hancur dan 45 rumah rusak di [[Pulau 'Eua]].<ref name="ConsulateKoT" /> Penilaian oleh [[Institut Pelatihan dan Penyelidikan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] mengungkapkan kerusakan parah di Pulau Atatā ketika 72 bangunan terkena tsunami dan seluruh pulau diselimuti abu.<ref name="NZH3">{{cite news |author1=[[Radio New Zealand]] |title=Tonga eruption: Images appear to show most of Atatā island wiped out by tsunami |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/tonga-eruption-images-appear-to-show-most-of-atata-island-wiped-out-by-tsunami/3HUDP6UWMBHYVLFCQLDYPGNPFQ/ |access-date=19 January 2022 |work=[[New Zealand Herald]] |date=19 January 2022 |archive-date=2022-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120050035/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/tonga-eruption-images-appear-to-show-most-of-atata-island-wiped-out-by-tsunami/3HUDP6UWMBHYVLFCQLDYPGNPFQ/ |url-status=live |dead-url=unfit }}</ref>
Menurut seorang pejabat Pemerintah Selandia Baru di Nuku'alofa, kerusakan parah terjadi di tepi laut Nuku'alofa karena dilanda tsunami dengan parah.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Massive Tonga Volcanic Eruption Caused "Significant Damage"|url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/massive-tonga-volcanic-eruption-caused-significant-damage-2711861|access-date=16 January 2022|website=NDTV.com|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116233432/https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/massive-tonga-volcanic-eruption-caused-significant-damage-2711861|url-status=live}}</ref> Penjabat Komisioner Tinggi Peter Lund mengatakan bahwa beberapa orang belum ditemukan setelah letusan dan tsunami.<ref name="NHK2">{{cite news |title=NZ official: Some feared missing in Tonga |url=https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20220116_35/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[NHK]] |date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116105726/https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20220116_35/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Pemilik salon tato berkewarganegaraan Britania Raya Angela Glover termasuk di antara orang-orang yang hilang karena tersapu tsunami ketika melanda Nuku'alofa.<ref name="Dreaver">{{cite news |author1=Barbara Dreaver |title=UK woman missing after being swept away in Tonga tsunami |url=https://www.1news.co.nz/2022/01/16/uk-woman-missing-after-being-swept-away-in-tonga-tsunami/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[1 News]] |date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117010537/https://www.1news.co.nz/2022/01/16/uk-woman-missing-after-being-swept-away-in-tonga-tsunami/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Tubuh Angela kemudian ditemukan.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=17 January 2022|title=Tonga tsunami: Body of British woman swept away by wave found|url=https://news.sky.com/story/tonga-tsunami-body-of-british-woman-swept-away-by-wave-found-12518388|url-status=live|access-date=17 January 2022|website=Sky News|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117145228/https://news.sky.com/story/tonga-tsunami-body-of-british-woman-swept-away-by-wave-found-12518388}}</ref> Meskipun tingkat kerusakan di Tonga masih belum jelas, selimut abu tebal telah mencemari pasokan air, memutus komunikasi, dan mencegah penerbangan pengawasan, sehingga sulit untuk memulai upaya bantuan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 January 2022|title=Tonga volcano eruption: Pacific tsunami damage unclear as ash blankets island nation|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/16/pacific-tsunami-threat-recedes-as-volcano-ash-cloud-covers-tonga|access-date=16 January 2022|website=the Guardian|language=en|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116153106/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/16/pacific-tsunami-threat-recedes-as-volcano-ash-cloud-covers-tonga|url-status=live}}</ref> Kematian lainnya dikonfirmasi Kementerian Luar Negeri dan Perdagangan pada 18 Januari.<ref name="Halpin">{{cite news |author1=James Halpin |title=Tonga tsunami: Two deaths confirmed, MFAT says |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/world/south-pacific/300498163/tonga-tsunami-two-deaths-confirmed-mfat-says |access-date=18 January 2022 |work=[[Stuff NZ]] |date=18 January 2022 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118021146/https://www.stuff.co.nz/world/south-pacific/300498163/tonga-tsunami-two-deaths-confirmed-mfat-says |url-status=live }}</ref> Peter menambahkan bahwa ada kematian ketiga yang belum dikonfirmasi akibat tsunami.<ref name="NZH2">{{cite news |title=Tonga death toll: Three dead after eruption and tsunami, UN says |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/tonga-death-toll-three-dead-after-eruption-and-tsunami-un-says/4CKMDXWY3DJZV5XPRYDRBDRVYM/ |access-date=18 January 2022 |work=[[New Zealand Herald]] |date=18 January 2022 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118021211/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/tonga-death-toll-three-dead-after-eruption-and-tsunami-un-says/4CKMDXWY3DJZV5XPRYDRBDRVYM/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Kematian ketiga ini diidentifikasi sebagai penduduk setempat dan Pemerintah Tonga telah mengonfirmasi tiga kematian akibat tsunami.<ref name="BBC-3" /> Pemerintah Tonga mengatakan bahwa dua warga yang tewas itu masing-masing berasal dari Pulau Mango dan Pulau Nomuka.<ref name="ConsulateKoT">{{Cite tweet|link=no|number=1483384039826464768|user=ConsulateKoT|title=FIRST OFFICIAL UPDATE FOLLOWING THE VOLCANIC ERUPTION FROM THE GOVERNMENT OF TONGA Flag of Tonga|author=Consulate of the Kingdom of Tonga|date=18 January 2022|access-date=18 January 2022}}</ref>
[[Berkas:NZDF over Tonga 18 January 2022.jpg|thumb|240px|[[Tonga]] dari atas udara]]
Foto yang dibagikan oleh seorang penduduk di [[Pulau Lifuka]], timur laut Nuku'alofa menunjukkan kerusakan kecil pada masyarakat pulau dan sebuah dermaga. Kerusakan yang ditimbulkan menyiratkan pulau itu dilanda gelombang yang lebih kecil. [[Pulau 'Uiha]] dan [[Pulau Ha'ano]] juga mengalami sedikit kerusakan akibat tsunami. Beberapa foto menunjukkan puing-puing yang tertinggal oleh tsunami berserakan di jalan dan ladang rumput.<ref name="Porter">{{cite news |author1=Nadine Porter |title=Tonga: Photos of tsunami damage shared from outer island, close to volcanic eruption |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/127517035/tonga-photos-of-tsunami-damage-shared-from-outer-island-close-to-volcanic-eruption |access-date=17 January 2022 |work=[[Stuff NZ]]|language=en|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117041023/https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/127517035/tonga-photos-of-tsunami-damage-shared-from-outer-island-close-to-volcanic-eruption|url-status=live}}</ref> Pemilik Ha'atafu Beach Resort menulis di Facebook bahwa resor pantai mereka yang terletak di ujung utara Pulau Tongatapu sepenuhnya hancur. Keluarga pemilik resor pantai berhasil melarikan diri. Mereka menambahkan bahwa seluruh garis pantai barat pulau itu dan Desa Kanukupolu hancur.<ref name="CNA">{{cite news |author1=[[Reuters]] |title=Drinking water, ash big concern as Tonga volcanic eruption causes 'significant damage' |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/world/australia-new-zealand-step-efforts-aid-tsunami-hit-tonga-2439831 |access-date=17 January 2022 |work=[[Channel News Asia]] |date=17 January 2022 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117070954/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/world/australia-new-zealand-step-efforts-aid-tsunami-hit-tonga-2439831 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Kantor Koordinasi Urusan Kemanusiaan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] menyatakan bahwa terdapat kekhawatiran terhadap dua pulau dataran rendah di [[Kepulauan Ha'apai]] yaitu Fonoi (berpenduduk 69 jiwa) dan Mango (berpenduduk 36 jiwa) karena [[suar indikasi posisi darurat|suar marabahaya]] telah terdeteksi di salah satu pulau (Fonoi berpenduduk 69 orang
[[Kabel Lintas Selatan]] melaporkan bahwa letusan mungkin telah merusak [[Sistem Kabel Tonga]] yang menghubungkan Tonga dengan kabel trans-Pasifik Southern Cross di Fiji.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 January 2022|title=Tonga subsea communications cable 'may be broken after all', says Southern Cross|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/127512800/tonga-subsea-communications-cable-may-be-broken-after-all-says-southern-cross|access-date=16 January 2022|website=Stuff|language=en|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116110005/https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/127512800/tonga-subsea-communications-cable-may-be-broken-after-all-says-southern-cross|url-status=live}}</ref> Kabel Lintas Selatan menyebut adanya patahan pada kabel internasional sepanjang 37 kilometer dari Nuku'alofa dan patahan lebih lanjut pada kabel dalam negeri sepanjang 47 kilometer dari Nuku'alofa.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Duckett|first=Chris|title=Volcanic eruption takes out Tonga cables|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/volcanic-eruption-takes-out-tonga-cables/|access-date=17 January 2022|website=ZDNet|language=en|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117072805/https://www.zdnet.com/article/volcanic-eruption-takes-out-tonga-cables/|url-status=live}}</ref> Perdana Menteri Selandia Baru [[Jacinda Ardern]] menyatakan bahwa kabel bawah laut yang melayani Tonga terdampak mungkin karena pemadaman listrik dan pihak berwenang berusaha segera memulihkan komunikasi.<ref name="RNŹ" /> Kepala Sistem Kabel Tonga Samiuela Fonua menyatakan bahwa kru perbaikan tidak akan diizinkan mengakses tempat patahan sebelum aktivitas vulkanik berhenti di Hunga Tonga, dengan waktu persiapan tambahan yang diperlukan untuk perbaikan, layanan internet dapat dimatikan selama lebih dari dua minggu setelah letusan.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-01-17|title=Tonga's only undersea communication cable could be down for weeks|language=en-AU|work=ABC News|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-01-18/when-will-tongas-undersea-cable-be-repaired-/100760998|access-date=2022-01-17|archive-date=18 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118004046/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-01-18/when-will-tongas-undersea-cable-be-repaired-/100760998|url-status=live}}</ref> Perbaikan diperkirakan baru dimulai pada 1 Februari.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Mogul|first1=Rhea|last2=Cheung|first2=Eric|last3=Sharma|first3=Akanksha|last4=Rebane|first4=Teele|date=2022-01-18|title=First images of disaster-hit Tonga show entire communities covered in thick ash|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/18/asia/tonga-volcano-tsunami-damage-intl-hnk/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20220118223710/https://edition.cnn.com/2022/01/18/asia/tonga-volcano-tsunami-damage-intl-hnk/index.html|archive-date=18 January 2022|access-date=18 January 2022|website=CNN}}</ref>
Kerusakan parah di pantai barat Tongatapu dikonfirmasi oleh Komisi Tinggi Selandia Baru di Tonga pada 17 Januari.<ref name="RNZ4">{{cite news |title=Significant damage on Tonga's west coast - NZ High Commission |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/459717/significant-damage-on-tonga-s-west-coast-nz-high-commission |access-date=17 January 2022 |work=[[Radio New Zealand]] |date=17 January 2022 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117084012/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/459717/significant-damage-on-tonga-s-west-coast-nz-high-commission |url-status=live }}</ref> Penerbangan survei oleh [[Angkatan Pertahanan Australia]] melaporkan kerusakan parah di sepanjang pantai barat.<ref>{{Cite web|last=CNN|first=Helen Regan|title=Here's what we know about the massive Pacific eruption and tsunami|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/17/asia/tonga-volcanic-eruption-tsunami-explainer-intl-hnk/index.html|access-date=2022-01-18|website=CNN|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117144741/https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/17/asia/tonga-volcanic-eruption-tsunami-explainer-intl-hnk/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Pantai di Nuku'alofa mengalami kerusakan substansial karena puing-puing dan bebatuan diendapkan ke daratan oleh gelombang tsunami menurut laporan awal dari [[Kantor Koordinasi Urusan Kemanusiaan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] (OCHA). Lapisan abu vulkanik setebal 2 sentimeter menyelimuti ibu kota Nuku'alofa.<ref name="OCHA1">{{cite web |author1=[[UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] |title=Tonga: Volcanic Eruption - Flash Update (As of 17 January 2022) |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/tonga/tonga-volcanic-eruption-flash-update-17-january-2022 |website=[[ReliefWeb]] |access-date=17 January 2022 |date=17 January 2022 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117120901/https://reliefweb.int/report/tonga/tonga-volcanic-eruption-flash-update-17-january-2022 |url-status=live }}</ref>
Citra satelit [[Pulau Nomuka]] menunjukkan bahwa hampir seperlima bangunan telah rusak dengan lebih dari 40 bangunan tertutup abu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-18|title=MFAT confirms two deaths after Tonga tsunami|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/world/459760/mfat-confirms-two-deaths-after-tonga-tsunami|access-date=2022-01-18|website=RNZ|language=en-nz|archive-date=18 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118052450/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/world/459760/mfat-confirms-two-deaths-after-tonga-tsunami|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Bandar Udara Internasional Fua'amotu]] tertutup abu dan kotoran.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-18|title=Tonga volcano: first pictures after eruption show islands blanketed in ash, as two deaths confirmed|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/18/tonga-volcano-first-pictures-after-eruption-show-islands-blanketed-in-ash-as-two-deaths-confirmed|access-date=2022-01-18|website=the Guardian|language=en|archive-date=18 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118025218/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/18/tonga-volcano-first-pictures-after-eruption-show-islands-blanketed-in-ash-as-two-deaths-confirmed|url-status=live}}</ref> Terdapat juga laporan pencemaran air di distrik Nuku'alofa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Before and after: Satellite images reveal extent of damage in Tonga|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/tonga-eruption-satellite-images-reveal-extent-of-damage-in-pacific-nation/H64XHDHH2BMKI5GABODK3V5HKI/|access-date=2022-01-18|website=NZ Herald|language=en-NZ|archive-date=18 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118052216/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/tonga-eruption-satellite-images-reveal-extent-of-damage-in-pacific-nation/H64XHDHH2BMKI5GABODK3V5HKI/|url-status=live}}</ref> Angkatan Laut Tonga yang dikirim ke pulau-pulau Ha'apai melaporkan kerusakan yang signifikan ketika tsunami yang diperkirakan tingginya antara 5–10 meter menyebar sejauh 500 meter ke daratan.<ref name=":4" />
=== Negara lain ===
[[Berkas:Ash distribution from Hunga Tonga over Australia.jpg|thumb|250px|Abu Vulkanik di [[Queensland]], Australia]]
Di Fiji, letusan ini memicu gelombang badai di Pulau [[Pulau Vanua Balavu]], [[Pulau Kadavu]], [[Pulau Gau]], dan [[Pulau Taveuni]]. Di desa Moce, Kepulauan Lau, tsunami merusak beberapa rumah dengan parah di pantai. Puing-puing berserakan di desa dan perahu terseret ke daratan.<ref name="Waqairadovu">{{cite news |author1=Apenisa Waqairadovu |title=Storm surges damage homes |url=https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/storm-surges-leave-damage-on-maritime-islands/ |access-date=17 January 2022 |work=FBC News |date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117084012/https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/storm-surges-leave-damage-on-maritime-islands/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Fijivillage|title=Ono-i-Lau, Vatoa, parts of Kadavu, Rewa Delta and the North have been affected by the Tongan volcanic eruption|url=https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Ono-i-Lau-Vatoa-parts-of-Kadavu-Rewa-Delta-and-the-North-have-been-affected-by-the-Tongan-volcanic-eruption--fx5r48/|access-date=17 January 2022|website=www.fijivillage.com|language=en|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117084403/https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Ono-i-Lau-Vatoa-parts-of-Kadavu-Rewa-Delta-and-the-North-have-been-affected-by-the-Tongan-volcanic-eruption--fx5r48/|url-status=live}}</ref>
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Tsunami menyebabkan kerusakan material yang serius kepada operator tur Sea Quest Hawaii di [[Kailua-Kona]], Hawaii, ketika 80% dari inventaris dan peralatannya hilang. Kerusakan besar kepada produk ritel dan kantor bisnis berjumlah sedikitnya $75 ribu.<ref name="Yee">{{cite news |author1=Chelsee Yee |title=‘This loss will hurt’: Hawaii business sees major damage after eruption in Tonga sends tsunami waves |url=https://www.khon2.com/local-news/this-loss-will-hurt-hawaii-business-sees-major-damage-after-eruption-in-tonga-sends-tsunami-waves/ |access-date=17 January 2022 |work=[[KHON2]] |date=17 January 2022 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118004018/https://www.khon2.com/local-news/this-loss-will-hurt-hawaii-business-sees-major-damage-after-eruption-in-tonga-sends-tsunami-waves/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Pantai dan dermaga dibanjiri oleh gelombang ombak di kota. Kano milik beberapa klub rusak dan berserakan di pantai atau di dinding batu karena ombak. Perahu diseret ke daratan atau di dermaga setelah gelombang surut.<ref name="HNN">{{cite news |author1=HNN Staff |title=Clean-up efforts underway following tsunami surge triggered by Tonga eruption |url=https://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/2022/01/16/clean-up-efforts-underway-following-tsunami-surge-triggered-by-tonga-eruption/ |access-date=17 January 2022 |work=[[Hawaii News Now]] |date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116194121/https://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/2022/01/16/clean-up-efforts-underway-following-tsunami-surge-triggered-by-tonga-eruption/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
Tsunami menewaskan dua wanita di [[Peru]] ketika gelombang setinggi 2 meter menghantam mereka di Pantai Naylamp, [[Lambayeque]]. Kedua wanita itu berada di dalam truk bersama seorang sopir yang merupakan suami dari salah seorang wanita. Saat ombak menerjang, hanya sopir itu yang melarikan diri, sementara kedua wanita tidak.<ref name="Parra">{{cite news|author1=Nicolás Parra|title=Reportan dos muertes y daños por tsunami en Perú: país no emitió alerta |url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/internacional/america-latina/2022/01/15/reportan-dos-muertes-y-danos-por-tsunami-en-peru-pais-no-emitio-alerta.shtml |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[Radio Bío-Bío]] |date=16 January 2022|language=es|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116030122/https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/internacional/america-latina/2022/01/15/reportan-dos-muertes-y-danos-por-tsunami-en-peru-pais-no-emitio-alerta.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> 22 pelabuhan di sepanjang utara dan tengah Peru ditutup karena tsunami. Kerusakan material yang besar terjadi pada bisnis pesisir dan kawasan pantai. Video menunjukkan tsunami membanjiri jalan-jalan.<ref name="Andina">{{cite news |title=Disponen el cierre de 22 puertos ante oleajes anómalos por erupción volcánica |url=https://andina.pe/agencia/noticia-disponen-cierre-22-puertos-ante-oleajes-anomalos-erupcion-volcanica-877201.aspx |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=Andina |date=16 January 2022 |language=es |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116124131/https://andina.pe/agencia/noticia-disponen-cierre-22-puertos-ante-oleajes-anomalos-erupcion-volcanica-877201.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> Di sepanjang pantai Peru, tsunami menimbulkan kerusakan yang berat. Rumah makan dan perahu di pantai Lagunillas dan Distrik [[San Andrés (Pisco)|San Andrés]] dirusak ombak. Banyak pengunjung pantai dievakuasi ke tempat yang aman sementara pertokoan ditutup.<ref name="Gestión">{{cite news |title=Paracas: salida del mar afectó el muelle y dañó locales y viviendas de la zonaParacas: salida del mar afectó el muelle y dañó locales y viviendas de la zona |url=https://gestion.pe/peru/erupcion-tonga-tsunami-paracas-salida-del-mar-afecto-el-muelle-y-dano-locales-y-viviendas-videos-nndc-noticia/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=Gestión |date=15 January 2022 |language=es |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050614/https://gestion.pe/peru/erupcion-tonga-tsunami-paracas-salida-del-mar-afecto-el-muelle-y-dano-locales-y-viviendas-videos-nndc-noticia/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Kerusakan dermaga dan beberapa rumah terjadi di ibu kota [[Lima (kota)|Lima]]. Di beberapa wilayah, pemilik perahu menyeret perahu mereka ke pantai untuk mencegah ombak merusak perahu mereka.<ref name="TT1">{{cite news |title=ONEMI confirmó solo daños "menores" producto del Tsunami y destacó el comportamiento "ejemplar" de las personas |url=https://thetimes.cl/contenido/2498/onemi-confirmo-solo-danos-menores-producto-del-tsunami-y-destaco-el-comportamien |access-date=17 January 2022 |work=The Times |date=16 January 2022 |language=es |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117010643/https://thetimes.cl/contenido/2498/onemi-confirmo-solo-danos-menores-producto-del-tsunami-y-destaco-el-comportamien |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Comercio">{{cite news |title=Paracas: mar se salió y dañó el muelle, locales y viviendas {{!}} VIDEOS |url=https://elcomercio.pe/peru/ica/erupcion-tonga-tsunami-paracas-mar-se-salio-y-dano-el-muelle-locales-y-viviendas-de-la-zona-san-andres-playa-lagunilla-videos-nndc-noticia/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]] |date=15 January 2022 |language=es |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050611/https://elcomercio.pe/peru/ica/erupcion-tonga-tsunami-paracas-mar-se-salio-y-dano-el-muelle-locales-y-viviendas-de-la-zona-san-andres-playa-lagunilla-videos-nndc-noticia/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Pada 17 Januari, Lembaga Pertahanan Sipil Peru mengatakan bahwa [[tumpahan minyak]] terjadi di Kilang La Pampilla. Tumpahan itu disebabkan karena gelombang tsunami yang menggerakkan kapal saat mengangkut minyak ke kilang.<ref name="CNA1">{{cite news|date=18 January 2022|title=Waves from eruption in Tonga cause oil spill in Peru|work=[[Channel News Asia]]|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/world/tonga-volcano-eruption-oil-spill-peru-2442026|access-date=19 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119014050/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/world/tonga-volcano-eruption-oil-spill-peru-2442026|archive-date=19 January 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Sedikitnya 2 kilometer dari garis pantai Peru terdampak tsunami.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 January 2022|title=Peru says oil spill affects at least 2 kilometers of Pacific coast, beaches|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/peru-says-oil-spill-affects-least-2-kilometers-pacific-coast-beaches-2022-01-18/|access-date=19 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119014402/https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/peru-says-oil-spill-affects-least-2-kilometers-pacific-coast-beaches-2022-01-18/|archive-date=19 January 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
Meski telah diperingatkan oleh pejabat, beberapa warga di California menyimpang terlalu dekat dengan laut tempat mereka tersapu oleh gelombang yang kuat, seperti keadaan di [[San Gregorio]], [[California]], ketika empat nelayan tersapu ke laut oleh tsunami. Dua nelayan terluka dan menerima perawatan medis sementara dua nelayan lainnya berhasil diselamatkan dan tidak terluka.<ref name="Oetting">{{cite news|author1=Jerimiah Oetting|title=Here are the impacts of the tsunami along the Monterey Bay|url=https://www.kazu.org/kazu-news/2022-01-15/here-are-the-impacts-of-the-tsunami-along-the-monterey-bay |access-date=16 January 2022|publisher=KAZU|date=15 January 2022|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050607/https://www.kazu.org/kazu-news/2022-01-15/here-are-the-impacts-of-the-tsunami-along-the-monterey-bay|url-status=live}}</ref> Seorang wanita lain diselamatkan dan dirawat oleh petugas medis di [[China Beach, San Francisco|China Beach]].<ref name="CBSSF1">{{cite news |title=Rescue Crews Busy On San Francisco Bay Area Beaches During Tsunami Surge |url=https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2022/01/16/rescues-crews-busy-on-san-francisco-bay-area-beaches-during-tsunami-surge/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=CBS SF Bay Area |date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116144814/https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2022/01/16/rescues-crews-busy-on-san-francisco-bay-area-beaches-during-tsunami-surge/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Pemadam kebakaran San Francisco dan [[Penjaga Pantai Amerika Serikat]] menyelamatkan tiga peselancar.<ref name=mercurynews_15012022/>
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== Penyelamatan ==
Operasi penyelamatan sedang berlangsung di [[Pulau Atatā]] yang terletak di lepas pulau utama Tonga dekat Nukuʻalofa, setelah pulau kecil itu dilaporkan tenggelam oleh tsunami.<ref name="1NewsLIVE">{{cite news |title=Live: Ardern to give update on 'hugely concerning' situation in Tonga |url=https://www.1news.co.nz/2022/01/16/live-tongan-volcanic-eruption-hugely-concerning-ardern/ |access-date=16 January 2022 |work=[[1 News]] |date=16 January 2022 |archive-date=16 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050615/https://www.1news.co.nz/2022/01/16/live-nz-official-in-tonga-says-nukualofa-like-moonscape-after-ash-fall/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Status yang dimuat di Facebook oleh Royal Sunset Island Resort di pulau itu mengatakan semua penduduk telah dicatat dan dievakuasi dengan aman.<ref name="NZH3" />
== Pendampingan ==
Jacinda menyebut para pejabat di [[Kementerian Luar Negeri (Selandia Baru)|Kementerian Luar Negeri]] sedang berbincang mengenai pemberian bantuan kepada Tonga.<ref name="Newshub">{{cite news|agency=Reuters|title=Tonga eruption and tsunami: New Zealand officials working to determine what's needed for Pacific Island nation - Jacinda Ardern |url=https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2022/01/tonga-eruption-and-tsunami-new-zealand-officials-working-to-what-s-needed-for-pacific-island-nation-jacinda-ardern.html|access-date=16 January 2022 |publisher=Newshub|date=16 January 2022|archive-date=15 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115234228/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2022/01/tonga-eruption-and-tsunami-new-zealand-officials-working-to-what-s-needed-for-pacific-island-nation-jacinda-ardern.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Jacinda menyebut peristiwa di Tonga sangat memprihatinkan.<ref name="1NewsLIVE"/> Pada 16 Januari, ia mengumumkan Selandia Baru memberikan sumbangan sebesar NZ$500 ribu yang merupakan titik awal. [[Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Selandia Baru]] sedang bersiap untuk berlayar dan [[Lockheed P-3 Orion|P-3 Orion]] [[Angatan Udara Kerajaan Selandia Baru]] akan dikirim dalam penerbangan pengintaian segera setelah aman untuk melakukannya. Awan abu diperkirakan setinggi 19.000 meter, jauh di atas langit-langit layanan Orion.<ref name="RNŹ">{{cite news|title=Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern addresses situation in Tonga following volcanic eruption, tsunami|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/459644/watch-prime-minister-jacinda-ardern-addresses-situation-in-tonga-following-volcanic-eruption-tsunami|access-date=16 January 2022|publisher=Radio New Zealand|date=16 January 2022|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116050617/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/459644/watch-prime-minister-jacinda-ardern-addresses-situation-in-tonga-following-volcanic-eruption-tsunami|url-status=live}}</ref> Pengangkutan udara Hercules C-130H juga siap untuk melayani.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ardern|first=Jacinda|date=16 January 2022|title=Aotearoa New Zealand Stands Ready to Assist the People of Tonga|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CYxnelrPXux/?utm_medium=copy_link|url-status=live|access-date=16 January 2022|archive-date=16 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116215306/https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/}}</ref> Menyusul laporan tidak adanya hujan abu lanjutan di Tonga, P-3 Orion meninggalkan [[Pangkalan RNZAF Auckland]] menuju Tonga pada pagi 17 Januari.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 January 2022|title=Tonga eruption: NZ Air Force plane leaves for reconnaissance flight to assess damage|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/459667/tonga-eruption-nz-air-force-plane-leaves-for-reconnaissance-flight-to-assess-damage|access-date=16 January 2022|website=RNZ|language=en-nz|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117004820/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/459667/tonga-eruption-nz-air-force-plane-leaves-for-reconnaissance-flight-to-assess-damage|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada 18 Januari, karena [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules]] RNZAF tidak dapat mendarat selepas hujan abu terus berlanjut di Tonga, dua kapal Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Selandia Baru berlayar ke Tonga. [[HMNZS Wellington (P55)|HMNZS Wellington]] membawa peralatan survei dan helikopter, sedangkan [[HMNZS Aotearoa]] membawa 250 ribu liter air dan peralatan desalinasi untuk menghasilkan 70 ribu liter air lainnya tiap hari.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-18|title=Tonga eruption: New Zealand sends two ships with supplies|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/459763/tonga-eruption-new-zealand-sends-two-ships-with-supplies|access-date=2022-01-18|website=RNZ|language=en-nz|archive-date=18 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118021719/https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/political/459763/tonga-eruption-new-zealand-sends-two-ships-with-supplies|url-status=live}}</ref>
Tonga telah menerima tawaran dari Pemerintah Australia yaitu penerbangan pengawasan untuk menilai kerusakan. Pesawat [[Boeing P-8 Poseidon]] dari
Pada 17 Januari, para pejabat di Tonga meminta bantuan segera. Ketua Dewan Legislatif Tonga Fatafehi
Pada 17 Januari, [[Perhimpunan Palang Merah Tiongkok]] memutuskan memberikan US$100 ribu bantuan kemanusiaan darurat tunai ke pihak Tonga,<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Zhao Lijian’s Regular Press Conference on January 17, 2022 |url=http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/lcbt/wjbfyrbt/202201/t20220117_10598778.htm |website=Foreign Ministry Spokesperson's Remarks |publisher=Embassy of the People's Republic of China to the United States of America |access-date=18 January 2022 |date=18 January 2022 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220118221437/http://www.china-embassy.org/eng/lcbt/wjbfyrbt/202201/t20220117_10598778.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> sementara Pemerintah Tiongkok mengatakan akan mengirimkan sejumlah bahan bantuan bencana ke Tonga atas permintaan negara kepulauan Pasifik Selatan.<ref>{{cite news |title=China to deliver disaster-relief supplies to Tonga: FM spokesperson |url=https://english.news.cn/20220118/07d4204189404b778a3cdfec2abe4a01/c.html |access-date=18 January 2022 |agency=Xinhua News Agency |date=18 January 2022 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220118222006/https://english.news.cn/20220118/07d4204189404b778a3cdfec2abe4a01/c.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Pada 18 Januari, [[Masyarakat Palang Merah Singapura]] menjanjikan bantuan sebesar $50.000 kepada Tonga dan juga mengumumkan upaya penggalangan dana untuk menggalang lebih banyak bantuan bagi mereka yang terkena dampak tsunami.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ting |first1=Choo Yun |title=Singapore Red Cross pledges $50,000 to aid tsunami-hit Tonga and will launch fund-raising appeal |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/australianz/singapore-red-cross-pledges-50000-to-aid-tsunami-hit-tonga-and-will-launch-fund-raising-appeal |access-date=18 January 2022 |work=[[Straits Times]] |date=18 January 2022 |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118122125/https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/australianz/singapore-red-cross-pledges-50000-to-aid-tsunami-hit-tonga-and-will-launch-fund-raising-appeal|url-status=live}}</ref>
Aiyaz mengatakan bahwa Fiji bekerja dengan Selandia Baru dan Australia untuk mengoordinasikan upaya bantuan regional. Ia juga menambahkan bahwa Fiji telah menawarkan untuk mengirimkan personel [[Angkatan Militer Eepublik Fiji|RFMF]] dan insinyur yang akan bergabung dengan Angkatan Pertahanan Australia. Pasokan bantuan juga akan dikirim ke kelompok Lau yang terkena dampak tsunami.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pratap |first=Ritika |date=19 January 2022 |title=RFMF to assist Tonga through ADF |url=https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/rfmf-to-assist-tonga-through-adf/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220119085803/https://www.fbcnews.com.fj/news/rfmf-to-assist-tonga-through-adf/ |archive-date=2022-01-19 |access-date=2022-01-19 |website=Fiji Broadcasting Corporation |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Krishant |first=Naveel |date=19 January 2022 |title=Govt to send immediate relief supplies to the Lau Group tomorrow |url=https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Govt-to-send-immediate-relief-supplies-to-the-Lau-Group-tomorrow-x548rf/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220119090752/https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Govt-to-send-immediate-relief-supplies-to-the-Lau-Group-tomorrow-x548rf/ |archive-date=2022-01-19 |access-date=2022-01-19 |website=www.fijivillage.com |language=en |dead-url=no }}</ref>
▲Pada 17 Januari, para pejabat di Tonga meminta bantuan segera. Ketua Dewan Legislatif Tonga Fatafehi Fakafanua dalam sebuah posting media sosial menulis bahwa Tonga membutuhkan bantuan segera untuk menyediakan air minum dan makanan segar bagi warga Tonga. Gerakan Palang Merah dan Bulan Sabit Merah Internasional dan Forum Pulau Pasifik telah menawarkan bantuannya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tonga calls for 'immediate aid' after volcanic eruption, tsunami|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/17/tonga-calls-for-immediate-aid-after-volcanic-eruption-tsunami|access-date=17 January 2022|website=www.aljazeera.com|language=en|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117031229/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/17/tonga-calls-for-immediate-aid-after-volcanic-eruption-tsunami|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Tearfund]] dan [[Oxfam]] memberikan bantuan langsung dengan mendukung orang-orang dengan makanan dan air. Oxfam memiliki unit filter di Tongatapu yang dapat mengubah air asin menjadi air minum. [[UNICEF]] akan bekerja dengan pemerintah Tonga untuk menjangkau anak-anak dan keluarga yang terkena dampak. Badan tersebut juga siap untuk mengangkut pasokan daruratnya dari Fiji dan Brisbane.<ref>{{Cite web|date=17 January 2022|title=Tonga eruption: Aid agencies look at how best to support Tongans|url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/459685/tonga-eruption-aid-agencies-look-at-how-best-to-support-tongans|access-date=17 January 2022|website=RNZ|language=en-nz|archive-date=17 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117042428/https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/459685/tonga-eruption-aid-agencies-look-at-how-best-to-support-tongans|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Lihat pula ==
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* [https://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/satellite-blog/archives/44252 CIMSS Satellite Blog]
{{Topik Tonga}}
[[Kategori:Tonga dalam tahun 2022]]
[[Kategori:Tsunami gunung berapi]]
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