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'''Kerajaan Pagan''' (849-1287) dianggap sebagai kekaisaran pertama di [[Burma]]. Nama Pagan juga dieja ''Bagan''.
Selama era kerajaan [[Pyu]], antara tahun 500 hingga 950, [[Bamar]], bagian dari grup etnis Burma, mulai menginfiltrasi wilayah utara hingga tengah [[Burma]], yang sebelumnya diduduki oleh orang Pyu dibawah pengaruh [[Buddha Mahayana]] dari [[Bihar]] dan [[Benggala]]. Pada tahun 849, kota [[Bagan|Pagan]] muncul sebagai
Kerajaan ini tumbuh dalam isolasi hingga era kekuasaan [[Anawrahta]] (1044 - 1077) yang berhasil menyatukan seluruh Myanmar dengan menaklukan kota [[Thaton]] tahun 1057, menandai dominasi Burma di wilayah tersebut yang terus berlanjut hingga kini. Konsolidasi dilakukan oleh penerusnya [[
Kerajaan Pagan mengalami kemunduran karena semakin banyak wilayah dan sumber daya alam yang jatuh ke tangan [[sangha]] (kependetaan) yang kuat dan ancaman [[Mongol]] dari utara. Penguasa Pagan terakhir, [[Narathihapate]] (berkuasa 1254-1287) merasa percaya diri dalam kemampuannya melawan Mongol dan bergerak ke [[Yunnan]] pada 1277 untuk berperang melawan mereka. Tentaranya dihancurkan pada [[Pertempuran Ngasaunggyan]], dan perlawanan Pagan berhasil dipadamkan. Raja dibunuh oleh anaknya sendiri tahun 1287, mempercepat serangan Mongol dalam [[Pertempuran Pagan]]. Mongol berhasil merebut hampir seluruh kekaisaran, termasuk
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== Keagamaan ==
Kerajaan Pagan menjadikan [[agama Buddha]] sebagai agama resmi kerajaan setelah raja Anawrahta (1044–1077) mempersatukan negara dengan memeluk aliran [[Theravāda|Theravada]]. Pada masa pemerintahannya, ia mulai membangun ribuan [[pagoda]] [[Buddha]] di kota Pagan.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Khairiah|date=2018|url=http://repository.uin-suska.ac.id/16977/1/Agama%20Budha.pdf|title=Agama Budha|location=Pekanbaru|publisher=Kalimedia|isbn=978-602-6827-86-9|pages=19|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
== Bibliografi ==
* {{cite book|last=Aung-Thwin|first=Michael|title=Pagan: The Origins of Modern Burma|url=https://archive.org/details/paganoriginsofmo0000aung|publisher=University of Hawai'i Press|year=1985|location=Honolulu|isbn=0-8248-0960-2}}
* {{cite book|last=Aung-Thwin|first=Michael|title=The mists of Rāmañña: The Legend that was Lower Burma|url=https://archive.org/details/mistsoframannale0000aung|edition=illustrated|publisher=University of Hawai'i Press|year=2005|location=Honolulu|isbn=9780824828868}}
* {{cite book|last=Charney|first=Michael W.|title=Powerful Learning: Buddhist Literati and the Throne in Burma's Last Dynasty, 1752–1885|location=Ann Arbor|publisher=University of Michigan|year=2006}}
* {{cite web | last=Cooler | first=Richard M. | title=The Art and Culture of Burma | year=2002 | url=http://www.seasite.niu.edu/burmese/cooler/BurmaArt_TOC.htm | publisher=Northern Illinois University | access-date=2013-12-21 | archive-date=2016-12-26 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226041623/http://www.seasite.niu.edu/burmese/cooler/BurmaArt_TOC.htm | dead-url=yes }}
* {{cite book|last=Dijk|first= Wil O.|title=Seventeenth-century Burma and the Dutch East India Company, 1634–1680|isbn=9789971693046|publisher=NUS Press|year=2006|edition=illustrated|location=Singapore}}
* {{cite book|last=Hall|first=D.G.E.|title=Burma|edition=3rd|year=1960|publisher=Hutchinson University Library|isbn=978-1-4067-3503-1}}
* {{cite book|last=Harvey|first=G. E.|title=History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824|publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd|year=1925|location = London}}
* {{cite book|last=Htin Aung|first=Maung|title=A History of Burma|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofburma0000htin|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York and London|year=1967}}
* {{cite book|last=Kala|first=U|title=Maha Yazawin Gyi|publisher=Ya-Pyei Publishing|location=Yangon|year=1720|edition=2006, 4th printing|language=Burmese|volume=1–3}}
* {{cite book|last=Köllner|first=Helmut|coauthor=Axel Bruns|title=Myanmar (Burma)|url=https://archive.org/details/myanmarburma0000koll|publisher=Hunter Publishing|edition=illustrated|year=1998|pages=[https://archive.org/details/myanmarburma0000koll/page/255 255]|isbn=9783886184156}}
* {{cite book|last=Kyaw Thet|title= History of Burma|year= 1962|publisher=Yangon University Press|location= Yangon|language=Burmese}}
* {{cite book|last= Lieberman|first= Victor B.|title= Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800–1830, volume 1, Integration on the Mainland|year=2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-80496-7}}
* {{cite book|last=Moore|first=Elizabeth H.|title=Early Landscapes of Myanmar|year=2007|publisher=River Books|location=Bangkok|isbn=974-9863-31-3}}
* {{cite book|last=Myint-U|first=Thant|title=The River of Lost Footsteps—Histories of Burma|url=https://archive.org/details/riveroflostfoots0000than_d0r2|year=2006|publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux|isbn=978-0-374-16342-6}}
* {{cite book|last=Pan Hla|first=Nai|title=[[Razadarit Ayedawbon]]|language=Burmese|year=1968|edition=8th printing, 2004|location=Yangon|publisher=Armanthit Sarpay}}
* {{cite book|last=Ricklefs|first=M.C.|coauthors=Bruce McFarland Lockhart, Albert Lau, Portia Reyes, Maitrii Aung-Thwin, Bruce Lockhart|title=A New History of Southeast Asia|year=2010|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|pages=544|isbn=978-0230212145}}
* {{cite book|author=[[Royal Historical Commission of Burma]]|title=[[Hmannan Yazawin]]|volume=1–3|year=1829–1832|location=Yangon|language=Burmese|edition=2003|publisher=[[Ministry of Information, Myanmar]]}}
* {{cite journal | author=Than Tun | title=History of Burma: A.D. 1300–1400 | work=Journal of Burma Research Society | date=December 1959 | volume=XLII | number=II}}
* {{cite book|author=Than Tun|title=Studies in Burmese History|volume=1|language=Burmese|location=Yangon|publisher=Maha Dagon|year=1964}}
* {{cite book|last=Wicks|first=Robert S.|title=Money, markets, and trade in early Southeast Asia: the development of indigenous monetary systems to AD 1400|year=1992|publisher=SEAP Publications|isbn=9780877277101}}
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[[Kategori:Pembubaran tahun 1289]]
[[Kategori:Sejarah Myanmar]]
[[de:Bagan#Geschichte]]
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