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k Mengatur pengaturan versi stabil untuk "Islam dan LGBT": artikel yang agak sensitif [Tinjau otomatis: membutuhkan izin "autoconfirmed"] (kedaluwarsa 11 Agustus 2025 13.22 (UTC))
 
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{{Islam|Budaya}}{{Islam dan agama lain}}
'''Sikap umat Muslim terhadap kelompok [[lesbian]], [[gay]], [[Biseksualitas|biseksual]], dan [[transgender]]''' ([[LGBT]]) dan kehidupan mereka di [[Dunia Islam|dunia Muslim]] telah dipengaruhi oleh sejarah agama, hukum, sosial, politik, dan budaya.<ref name="lawnet.fordham.edu">{{Cite journal|last=Rehman|first=Javaid|last2=Polymenopoulou|first2=Eleni|date=2013|title=Is Green a Part of the Rainbow? ''Sharia'', Homosexuality, and LGBT Rights in the Muslim World|url=https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2322&context=ilj|format=PDF|journal=[[Fordham International Law Journal]]|publisher=[[Fordham University School of Law]]|volume=37|issue=1|pages=1–53|issn=0747-9395|oclc=52769025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721220600/https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=2322&context=ilj|archive-date=21 July 2018|access-date=30 October 2021|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Schmidtke 1999">{{Cite journal|last=Schmidtke|first=Sabine|author-link=Sabine Schmidtke|date=June 1999|title=Homoeroticism and Homosexuality in Islam: A Review Article|journal=[[Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies]]|location=[[Cambridge]] and [[New York City|New York]]|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] on behalf of the [[School of Oriental and African Studies]] ([[University of London]])|volume=62|issue=2|pages=260–266|doi=10.1017/S0041977X00016700|issn=0041-977X|jstor=3107489}}</ref><ref name="Murray 1997">{{Cite book|last=Murray|first=Stephen O.|year=1997|title=[[Islamic Homosexualities|Islamic Homosexualities: Culture, History, and Literature]]|location=[[New York City|New York]] and [[London]]|publisher=[[NYU Press]]|isbn=9780814774687|editor-last=Murray|editor-first=Stephen O.|pages=14–54|chapter=The Will Not to Know: Islamic Accommodations of Male Homosexuality|doi=10.18574/nyu/9780814761083.003.0004|jstor=j.ctt9qfmm4|oclc=35526232|author-link=Stephen O. Murray|access-date=2021-11-06|editor-last2=Roscoe|editor-first2=Will|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Zw-AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419034024/https://books.google.com/books?id=6Zw-AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA14|archive-date=2023-04-19|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|date=18 May 2020|title=Forum: LGBTQ+ Issues in International Relations, Human Rights & Development – Same-Sex Narratives and LGBTI Activism in the Muslim World|url=https://gjia.georgetown.edu/2020/05/18/same-sex-narratives-and-lgbti-activism-in-muslim-world/|journal=[[Georgetown Journal of International Affairs]]|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|publisher=[[Walsh School of Foreign Service]] at the [[Georgetown University]]|issn=1526-0054|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020121756/https://gjia.georgetown.edu/2020/05/18/same-sex-narratives-and-lgbti-activism-in-muslim-world/|archive-date=20 October 2020|access-date=7 December 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Al-Qur'an]] menceritakan kisah "kaum nabi [[Lut]]" yang dihancurkan oleh [[Kemarahan|azab]] [[Allah (Islam)|Allah]] karena [[Nafsu|hawa nafsu]], yakni [[lelaki seks lelaki]],<ref name="EoQ">{{Cite encyclopedia|year=2006|editor-first1=Jane Dammen|editor2-link=Jane Dammen McAuliffe|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān]]|volume=2|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|doi=10.1163/1875-3922_q3_EQCOM_00085|isbn=90-04-14743-8}}</ref><ref name="QL1">{{qref|7|80-84}}; {{qref|11|77-83}}; {{qref|21|74}}; {{qref|22|43}}; {{qref|26|165–175}}; {{qref|27|56–59}}; and {{qref|29|27–33}}.</ref><ref name="dr">Duran (1993) p. 179</ref><ref name="MC">Kligerman (2007) pp. 53–54</ref> tetapi sejarawan [[Dunia Barat|Barat]] modern menganggap bahwa [[Nabi dan rasul dalam Islam|nabi Islam]] [[Muhammad]] tidak pernah secara langsung mencegah sesoerangseseorang melakukan [[Hubungan sesama jenis|homoseks]], meskipun ia lebih menyatakan tidak setuju bersama dengan orang-orang sezamannya.<ref name="Islamic Homosexualities">{{Cite book|last=Murray|first=Stephen O.|last2=Roscoe|first2=Will|last3=Allyn|first3=Eric|last4=Crompton|first4=Louis|last5=Dickemann|first5=Mildred|last6=Khan|first6=Badruddin|last7=Mujtaba|first7=Hasan|last8=Naqvi|first8=Nauman|last9=Wafer|first9=Jim|year=1997|title=[[Islamic Homosexualities|Islamic Homosexualities: Culture, History, and Literature]]|location=[[New York City|New York]] and [[London]]|publisher=[[NYU Press]]|isbn=9780814774687|editor-last=Murray|editor-first=Stephen O.|editor-link=Stephen O. Murray|pages=307–310|chapter=Conclusion|doi=10.18574/nyu/9780814761083.003.0004|jstor=j.ctt9qfmm4|oclc=35526232|access-date=2021-04-20|editor-last2=Roscoe|editor-first2=Will|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Zw-AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA307|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419034025/https://books.google.com/books?id=6Zw-AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA307|archive-date=2023-04-19|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada saat yang sama, "baik Al-Qur'an dan [[hadis]] sangat mengutuk aktivitas [[Homoseksualitas|homoseksual]]";<ref name="TEOEM">{{Cite journal|last=Rowson|first=Everett K.|author-link=Everett K. Rowson|date=October 1991|title=The Effeminates of Early Medina|url=http://www.williamapercy.com/wiki/images/The_effeminates_of_early_medina.pdf|journal=[[Journal of the American Oriental Society]]|publisher=[[American Oriental Society]]|volume=111|issue=4|pages=671–693|doi=10.2307/603399|issn=0003-0279|jstor=603399|lccn=12032032|oclc=47785421|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001195534/http://www.williamapercy.com/wiki/images/The_effeminates_of_early_medina.pdf|archive-date=1 October 2008|access-date=7 November 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="EoQ" /><ref name="autogenerated1983">{{Cite encyclopedia|year=1986|editor4-last=Bosworth|editor1-first=C. E.|editor4-first=Clifford Edmund Bosworth|editor2-last=van Donzel|editor2-first=E. J.|editor-link=Emeri Johannes van Donzel|editor3-last=Heinrichs|editor-last=Lewis|editor-first=B.|editor1-last=Pellat|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam#2nd edition, EI2|Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition]]|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|volume=5|doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_4677|isbn=978-90-04-16121-4}}</ref><ref name="hmy">{{Cite web|last=Mohd Izwan bin Md Yusof|last2=Muhd. Najib bin Abdul Kadir|title=Hadith Sahih on Behaviour of LGBT|url=http://www.islam.gov.my/images/ePenerbitan/Hadis-hadis_Sahih_Berkaitan_Perlakuan_LGBT_BI.pdf|website=islam.gov.my|publisher=[[Government of Malaysia]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024202538/http://www.islam.gov.my/images/ePenerbitan/Hadis-hadis_Sahih_Berkaitan_Perlakuan_LGBT_BI.pdf|archive-date=24 October 2018|access-date=26 July 2019|last3=Mazlan bin Ibrahim|last4=Khader bin Ahmad|last5=Murshidi bin Mohd Noor|last6=Saiful Azhar bin Saadon|url-status=live}}</ref> dengan beberapa hadis yang menetapkan hukuman mati bagi mereka yang melakukan hubungan homoseksual atau [[lesbian]] di muka umum.<ref name="lawnet.fordham.edu" /><ref name="Schmidtke 1999" /><ref name="iranica-law">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Rowson|volume=XII/4|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|publisher=[[Columbia University]]|doi=10.1163/2330-4804_EIRO_COM_11037|access-date=13 April 2021|archivedate=17 May 2013}}</ref>
 
Terdapat sedikit bukti sejarah tentang praktik homoseksual di antara masyarakat Muslim pada abad pertama dan paruh awal [[sejarah Islam]] (abad ke-7 M),<ref name="iranica-law"/> meskipun hubungan homoseks laki-laki dikenal<ref name="autogenerated1983"/> dan didiskriminasi, tetapi jarang dihukumi, di [[Jazirah Arab]].<ref name="Islamic Homosexualities"/> Pada saat yang sama, hubungan homoseksual dalam praktik umumnya ditoleransi dalam [[Islam|masyarakat Islam pra-modern]],<ref name="Schmidtke 1999"/><ref name="Islamic Homosexualities" /><ref name="autogenerated1983" /><ref name="iranica-law" /><ref name="ia601301.us.archive.org">{{Cite encyclopedia|editor=Richard C. Martin|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World|publisher=MacMillan Reference USA|year=2004}}</ref> dan catatan sejarah menunjukkan bahwa undang-undang pelarangan homoseksualitas jarang diterapkan, dan cenderung mengutamakan kasus-kasus pemerkosaan atau "pelanggaran yang sangat mencolok terhadap moral publik" lainnya.<ref name="iranica-law" /> Tema-tema [[Homoerotisisme|homoerotisme]] dan [[Perjantanan|pederastisme]] banyak muncul dalam puisi dan [[Sastra Islam|genre sastra]] lain yang ditulis dalam bahasa-bahasa utama [[Dunia Islam|dunia Muslim]] dari abad ke-8 M hingga [[Zaman modern|era modern]].<ref name="Islamic Homosexualities" /><ref name="iranica-law" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Khaled El-Rouayheb|title=Before Homosexuality in the Arab-Islamic World 1500–1800|pages=12 ff}}</ref><ref name="ia601301.us.archive.org" /> Konsepsi homoseks yang ditemukan dalam naskah klasik Islam lebih mirip dengan tradisi [[Homoseksualitas di Yunani Kuno|Yunani]]-Romawi [[Zaman Klasik|kuno]] daripada pemahaman modern tentang [[orientasi seksual]].<ref name="Islamic Homosexualities" /><ref name="iranica-law" /><ref name="ali-105">{{Cite book|last=Ali|first=Kecia|year=2016|title=Sexual Ethics And Islam|publisher=Oneworld Publications (Kindle edition)|page=105|author-link=Kecia Ali}}</ref>
Terdapat sedikit bukti sejarah tentang praktik homoseksual di antara masyarakat Muslim pada abad pertama dan paruh awal [[sejarah Islam]] (abad ke-7 M),<ref name="iranica-law">{{Cite encyclopedia|last=Rowson|volume=XII/4|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|publisher=[[Columbia University]]|doi=10.1163/2330-4804_EIRO_COM_11037|access-date=13 April 2021|archivedate=17 May 2013}}<cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFRowson2012">Rowson, Everett K. (30 December 2012) [15 December 2004]. [https://iranicaonline.org/articles/homosexuality-ii "HOMOSEXUALITY ii. IN ISLAMIC LAW"]. ''[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]''. Vol.&nbsp;XII/4. [[Kota New York|New York]]: [[Universitas Columbia|Columbia University]]. pp.&nbsp;441–445. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.1163/2330-4804_EIRO_COM_11037|10.1163/2330-4804_EIRO_COM_11037]]</span>. [[International Standard Serial Number|ISSN]]&nbsp;[[issn:2330-4804|2330-4804]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130517035334/https://iranicaonline.org/articles/homosexuality-ii Archived] from the original on 17 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite>
[[Category:CS1: long volume value]]</ref> meskipun hubungan homoseks laki-laki dikenal<ref name="autogenerated1983">{{Cite encyclopedia|year=1986|editor4-last=Bosworth|editor1-first=C. E.|editor4-first=Clifford Edmund Bosworth|editor2-last=van Donzel|editor2-first=E. J.|editor-link=Emeri Johannes van Donzel|editor3-last=Heinrichs|editor-last=Lewis|editor-first=B.|editor1-last=Pellat|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam#2nd edition, EI2|Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition]]|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|volume=5|doi=10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_4677|isbn=978-90-04-16121-4}}<cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBosworthvan_DonzelHeinrichsLewis1986">[[Clifford Edmund Bosworth|Bosworth, C. E.]]; [[Emeri Johannes van Donzel|van Donzel, E. J.]]; [[Wolfhart P. Heinrichs|Heinrichs, W. P.]]; Lewis, B.; [[Charles Pellat|Pellat, Ch.]], eds. (1986). "Liwāṭ". ''[[Encyclopaedia of Islam|Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition]]''. Vol.&nbsp;5. [[Leiden]]: [[Brill Publishers]]. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_4677|10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_4677]]. [[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Spesial:BookSources/978-90-04-16121-4|<bdi>978-90-04-16121-4</bdi>]].</cite></ref> dan didiskriminasi, tetapi jarang dihukumi, di [[Jazirah Arab]].<ref name="Islamic Homosexualities">{{Cite book|last=Murray|first=Stephen O.|last2=Roscoe|first2=Will|last3=Allyn|first3=Eric|last4=Crompton|first4=Louis|last5=Dickemann|first5=Mildred|last6=Khan|first6=Badruddin|last7=Mujtaba|first7=Hasan|last8=Naqvi|first8=Nauman|last9=Wafer|first9=Jim|year=1997|title=[[Islamic Homosexualities|Islamic Homosexualities: Culture, History, and Literature]]|location=[[New York City|New York]] and [[London]]|publisher=[[NYU Press]]|isbn=9780814774687|editor-last=Murray|editor-first=Stephen O.|editor-link=Stephen O. Murray|pages=307–310|chapter=Conclusion|doi=10.18574/nyu/9780814761083.003.0004|jstor=j.ctt9qfmm4|oclc=35526232|access-date=2021-04-20|editor-last2=Roscoe|editor-first2=Will|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Zw-AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA307|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419034025/https://books.google.com/books?id=6Zw-AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA307|archive-date=2023-04-19|url-status=live}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFMurrayRoscoeAllynCrompton1997">Murray, Stephen O.; Roscoe, Will; Allyn, Eric; Crompton, Louis; Dickemann, Mildred; Khan, Badruddin; Mujtaba, Hasan; Naqvi, Nauman; Wafer, Jim; Westphal-Hellbusch, Sigrid (1997). [https://books.google.com/books?id=6Zw-AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA307 "Conclusion"]. In [[Stephen O. Murray|Murray, Stephen O.]]; Roscoe, Will (eds.). ''[[Homoseksualitas Islam|Islamic Homosexualities: Culture, History, and Literature]]''. [[Kota New York|New York]] and [[London]]: [[New York University Press|NYU Press]]. pp.&nbsp;307–310. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.18574/nyu/9780814761083.003.0004|10.18574/nyu/9780814761083.003.0004]]. [[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780814774687|<bdi>9780814774687</bdi>]]. [[JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt9qfmm4 j.ctt9qfmm4]. [[Online Computer Library Center|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/35526232 35526232]. [[S2CID (pengenal)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:141668547 141668547]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230419034025/https://books.google.com/books?id=6Zw-AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA307 Archived] from the original on 2023-04-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-20</span></span>.</cite></ref> Homoseks [[Haram|diharamkan]] dalam [[Fikih|fikih Islam]] tradisional dan dihukum, umumnya [[Pencambukan|cambuk]], rajam, dan hukuman mati,<ref name="Ibrahim 2016">{{Cite journal|date=October 2016|title=Homophobic Muslims: Emerging Trends in Multireligious Singapore|journal=Comparative Studies in Society and History|location=[[Cambridge]] and [[New York City|New York]]|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|volume=58|issue=4|pages=955–981|doi=10.1017/S0010417516000499|issn=1475-2999|jstor=26293235}}</ref> bergantung pada situasi dan [[mazhab]].<ref name="Ibrahim 2016" /> Pada saat yang sama, hubungan homoseksual dalam praktik umumnya ditoleransi dalam [[Islam|masyarakat Islam pra-modern]],<ref name="Schmidtke 1999">{{Cite journal|last=Schmidtke|first=Sabine|author-link=Sabine Schmidtke|date=June 1999|title=Homoeroticism and Homosexuality in Islam: A Review Article|journal=[[Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies]]|location=[[Cambridge]] and [[New York City|New York]]|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] on behalf of the [[School of Oriental and African Studies]] ([[University of London]])|volume=62|issue=2|pages=260–266|doi=10.1017/S0041977X00016700|issn=0041-977X|jstor=3107489}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSchmidtke1999">[[Sabine Schmidtke|Schmidtke, Sabine]] (June 1999). "Homoeroticism and Homosexuality in Islam: A Review Article". ''[[Buletin Sekolah Studi Oriental dan Afrika|Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies]]''. [[Cambridge, Cambridgeshire|Cambridge]] and [[Kota New York|New York]]: [[Cambridge University Press]] on behalf of the [[Sekolah Studi Oriental dan Afrika|School of Oriental and African Studies]] ([[Universitas London|University of London]]). '''62''' (2): 260–266. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S0041977X00016700|10.1017/S0041977X00016700]]. [[International Standard Serial Number|eISSN]]&nbsp;[[issn:1474-0699|1474-0699]]. [[International Standard Serial Number|ISSN]]&nbsp;[[issn:0041-977X|0041-977X]]. [[JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3107489 3107489]. [[S2CID (pengenal)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170880292 170880292].</cite></ref><ref name="Islamic Homosexualities" /><ref name="autogenerated1983" /><ref name="iranica-law" /><ref name="ia601301.us.archive.org">{{Cite encyclopedia|editor=Richard C. Martin|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World|publisher=MacMillan Reference USA|year=2004}}</ref> dan catatan sejarah menunjukkan bahwa undang-undang pelarangan homoseksualitas jarang diterapkan, dan cenderung mengutamakan kasus-kasus pemerkosaan atau "pelanggaran yang sangat mencolok terhadap moral publik" lainnya.<ref name="iranica-law" /> Tema-tema [[Homoerotisisme|homoerotis]] dan [[Perjantanan|pederastis]] banyak muncul dalam puisi dan [[Sastra Islam|genre sastra]] lain yang ditulis dalam bahasa-bahasa utama [[Dunia Islam|dunia Muslim]] dari abad ke-8 M hingga [[Zaman modern|era modern]].<ref name="Islamic Homosexualities" /><ref name="iranica-law" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Khaled El-Rouayheb|title=Before Homosexuality in the Arab-Islamic World 1500–1800|pages=12 ff}}</ref><ref name="ia601301.us.archive.org" /> Konsepsi homoseks yang ditemukan dalam naskah klasik Islam lebih mirip dengan tradisi [[Homoseksualitas di Yunani Kuno|Yunani]]-Romawi [[Zaman Klasik|kuno]] daripada pemahaman modern tentang [[orientasi seksual]].<ref name="Islamic Homosexualities" /><ref name="iranica-law" /><ref name="ali-105">{{Cite book|last=Ali|first=Kecia|year=2016|title=Sexual Ethics And Islam|publisher=Oneworld Publications (Kindle edition)|page=105|author-link=Kecia Ali}}</ref>
 
Pada era modern, sikap publik terhadap homoseksualitas di dunia Muslim mengalami berubah drastis mulai dari abad ke-19 akibat penyebaran [[Fundamentalisme Islam|gerakan fundamentalis Islam]] seperti [[Salafiyah|Salafisme]] dan [[Wahabisme|Wahhabisme]] secara global.<ref name="Ibrahim 2016">{{Cite journal|date=October 2016|title=Homophobic Muslims: Emerging Trends in Multireligious Singapore|journal=Comparative Studies in Society and History|location=[[Cambridge]] and [[New York City|New York]]|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|volume=58|issue=4|pages=955–981|doi=10.1017/S0010417516000499|issn=1475-2999|jstor=26293235}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFIbrahim2016">Ibrahim, Nur Amali (October 2016). "Homophobic Muslims: Emerging Trends in Multireligious Singapore". ''Comparative Studies in Society and History''. [[Cambridge, Cambridgeshire|Cambridge]] and [[Kota New York|New York]]: [[Cambridge University Press]]. '''58''' (4): 955–981. [[Pengenal objek digital|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/S0010417516000499|10.1017/S0010417516000499]]. [[International Standard Serial Number|ISSN]]&nbsp;[[issn:1475-2999|1475-2999]]. [[JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/26293235 26293235]. [[S2CID (pengenal)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:152039212 152039212].</cite></ref> Dunia Muslim juga dipengaruhi oleh gagasan seksual dan batasan norma yang berlaku di [[Eropa]] pada saat itu, dan hari ini, sejumlah negara mayoritas Muslim mempertahankan ketentuan pidana untuk tindakan homoseksual yang pertama kali diberlakukan di bawah [[Kolonialisme|pemerintahan kolonial]] Eropa.<ref name="Ibrahim 2016" /> Saat [[Pergerakan sosial LGBT|gerakan LGBT]] mendapatkan daya tarik di [[Budaya Barat|Eropa dan Barat]], politisi fundamentalis Islam mengasosiasikan peradaban Barat dengan homoseksualitas dan "kerusakan moral".<ref>{{Cite news|title=How homosexuality became a crime in the Middle East|url=https://www.economist.com/open-future/2018/06/06/how-homosexuality-became-a-crime-in-the-middle-east|work=The Economist|issn=0013-0613|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703034324/https://www.economist.com/open-future/2018/06/06/how-homosexuality-became-a-crime-in-the-middle-east|archive-date=2019-07-03|access-date=2022-12-05|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam masyarakat kontemporer, [[prasangka]], kekerasan, dan diskriminasi [[Kekerasan terhadap orang LGBT|anti-LGBT]], juga peraturan perundang-undangannya, bertahan di sebagian besar dunia Muslim,<ref name="lawnet.fordham.edu">{{Cite journal|last=Rehman|first=Javaid|last2=Polymenopoulou|first2=Eleni|date=2013|title=Is Green a Part of the Rainbow? ''Sharia'', Homosexuality, and LGBT Rights in the Muslim World|url=https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2322&context=ilj|format=PDF|journal=[[Fordham International Law Journal]]|publisher=[[Fordham University School of Law]]|volume=37|issue=1|pages=1–53|issn=0747-9395|oclc=52769025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721220600/https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=2322&context=ilj|archive-date=21 July 2018|access-date=30 October 2021|url-status=live}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFRehmanPolymenopoulou2013">Rehman, Javaid; Polymenopoulou, Eleni (2013). [https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2322&context=ilj "Is Green a Part of the Rainbow? ''Sharia'', Homosexuality, and LGBT Rights in the Muslim World"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''[[Jurnal Hukum Internasional Fordham|Fordham International Law Journal]]''. [[Fakultas Hukum Universitas Fordham|Fordham University School of Law]]. '''37''' (1): 1–53. [[International Standard Serial Number|ISSN]]&nbsp;[[issn:0747-9395|0747-9395]]. [[Online Computer Library Center|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52769025 52769025]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180721220600/https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=2322&context=ilj Archived] from the original on 21 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> juga didukung dengan [[konservatisme sosial]] dan kebangkitan [[Islamisme|gerakan IslamIslamisme]] baru-baru ini di beberapa negara.<ref name="Ibrahim 2016" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Siraj|first=Asifa|date=September 2012|title="I Don't Want to Taint the Name of Islam": The Influence of Religion on the Lives of Muslim Lesbians|journal=Journal of Lesbian Studies|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|volume=16|issue=4: ''Lesbians, Sexuality, and Islam''|pages=449–467|doi=10.1080/10894160.2012.681268|pmid=22978285}}</ref><ref name="TransgenderHealth 2020">{{Cite journal|last=Zaharin|first=Aisya Aymanee M.|last2=Pallotta-Chiarolli|first2=Maria|date=June 2020|title=Countering Islamic conservatism on being transgender: Clarifying Tantawi's and Khomeini's fatwas from the progressive Muslim standpoint|journal=[[International Journal of Transgender Health]]|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|volume=21|issue=3|pages=235–241|doi=10.1080/26895269.2020.1778238|issn=1553-2739|lccn=2004213389|oclc=56795128|pmc=8726683|pmid=34993508}}</ref> Ada undang-undang yang melarang aktivitas homoseks di sejumlah besar negara mayoritas Muslim, yang menetapkan hukuman mati di beberapa negara.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|date=26 January 2022|editor-last=Ghoshal|editor-first=Neela|title="Even If You Go to the Skies, We'll Find You": LGBT People in Afghanistan After the Taliban Takeover|url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2022/01/26/even-if-you-go-skies-well-find-you/lgbt-people-afghanistan-after-taliban-takeover|website=www.hrw.org|publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]|location=[[New York City|New York]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207145435/https://www.hrw.org/report/2022/01/26/even-if-you-go-skies-well-find-you/lgbt-people-afghanistan-after-taliban-takeover|archive-date=7 February 2023|access-date=21 February 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
Sebagian besar negara mayoritas Muslim dan [[Organisasi Kerja Sama Islam]] (OKI) telah menentang dukungan atas hak-hak LGBT baik di Majelis Umum PBB atau Komisi HAM PBB. <ref name="lawnet.fordham.edu">{{Cite journal|last=Rehman|first=Javaid|last2=Polymenopoulou|first2=Eleni|date=2013|title=Is Green a Part of the Rainbow? ''Sharia'', Homosexuality, and LGBT Rights in the Muslim World|url=https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2322&context=ilj|format=PDF|journal=[[Fordham International Law Journal]]|publisher=[[Fordham University School of Law]]|volume=37|issue=1|pages=1–53|issn=0747-9395|oclc=52769025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721220600/https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=2322&context=ilj|archive-date=21 July 2018|access-date=30 October 2021|url-status=live}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFRehmanPolymenopoulou2013">Rehman, Javaid; Polymenopoulou, Eleni (2013). [https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2322&context=ilj "Is Green a Part of the Rainbow? ''Sharia'', Homosexuality, and LGBT Rights in the Muslim World"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''[[Jurnal Hukum Internasional Fordham|Fordham International Law Journal]]''. [[Fakultas Hukum Universitas Fordham|Fordham University School of Law]]. '''37''' (1): 1–53. [[International Standard Serial Number|ISSN]]&nbsp;[[issn:0747-9395|0747-9395]]. [[Online Computer Library Center|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52769025 52769025]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180721220600/https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=2322&context=ilj Archived] from the original on 21 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Pada tahun 2008, 57 negara anggota PBB, kebanyakan di antara mereka mayoritas Muslim, mendukung pernyataan menentang hak-hak LGBT di Majelis Umum PBB.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Worsnip|first=Patrick|date=December 18, 2008|title=UN divided over gay rights|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-un-homosexuality-idUSTRE4BH7EW20081218|work=Reuters|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321154112/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-un-homosexuality-idUSTRE4BH7EW20081218|archive-date=March 21, 2019|access-date=June 1, 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Pada Mei 2016, sebuah kelompok yang terdiri dari 51 negara bagian mayoritas Muslim memblokade 11 organisasi gay dan transgender untuk menghadiri [[Pertemuan Tingkat Tinggi tentang Pemberantasan AIDS 2016]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nichols|first=Michelle|last2=Von Ahn|first2=Lisa|date=17 May 2016|title=Muslim states block gay groups from U.N. AIDS meeting; U.S. protests|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-un-lgbt-aids-idUSKCN0Y827F|work=[[Reuters]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830163354/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-un-lgbt-aids-idUSKCN0Y827F|archive-date=30 August 2017|access-date=18 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Evans|first=Robert|date=8 March 2012|title=Islamic states, Africans walk out on UN gay panel|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE82702T20120308?sp=true|work=Reuters|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022151231/http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE82702T20120308?sp=true|archive-date=October 22, 2012|access-date=18 July 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Solash|first=Richard|date=7 March 2012|title=Historic UN Session On Gay Rights Marked By Arab Walkout|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/arab_states_leave_un_gay-rights_debate/24508579.html|publisher=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]|agency=Agence France-Presse|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718062200/http://www.rferl.org/content/arab_states_leave_un_gay-rights_debate/24508579.html|archive-date=18 July 2012|access-date=18 July 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|date=9 March 2012|title=South Africa leads United Nations on gay rights|url=http://mg.co.za/article/2012-03-09-sa-leads-un-on-gay-rights|website=MG.co.za|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130424072939/http://mg.co.za/article/2012-03-09-sa-leads-un-on-gay-rights|archive-date=24 April 2013|access-date=5 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Ada juga beberapa organisasi Muslim LGBT yang mendukung hak-hak LGBT, dan lainnya yang mencobamenganjurkan [[terapi konversi]].<ref name="samar">{{Cite book|last=Habib|first=Samar|date=2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9y_TyzK9_5oC&q=straightway+foundation&pg=PA217|title=Islam and Homosexuality|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9780313379031|page=217|language=en|access-date=2 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419034037/https://books.google.com/books?id=9y_TyzK9_5oC&q=straightway+foundation&pg=PA217|archive-date=19 April 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
==Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
{{Agama dan orang LGBT}}
 
{{topik Islam}}
[[Kategori:Hukum Islam]]
[[Kategori:Kontroversi terkait Islam]]
[[Kategori:Webarchive template wayback links]]
[[Kategori:AgamaIslam dan LGBT|Islam ]]
[[Kategori:Kontroversi terkait LGBT]]
[[Kategori:Diskriminasi terhadap LGBT]]
[[Kategori:Jinayah]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Islam_dan_LGBT"