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[[Berkas:Alpha Stirling.gif|216px|
'''Motor bakar stirling''' atau biasa juga disebut '''Mesin stirling''' (ditemukan oleh [[Robert Stirling]]) adalah salah satu [[mesin kalor]] dan didefinisikan sebagai mesin regenerasi [[udara]] panas siklus tertutup. Dalam konteks ini, siklus tertutup berarti bahwa [[fluida kerja]]nya secara permanen terkurung di dalam sistem, di mana mesin siklus terbuka seperti [[mesin pembakaran internal]] dan beberapa [[mesin uap]], menukarkan fluida kerjanya dengan lingkungan sekitar sebagai bagiaan dari [[siklus kerja]]. [[Regenerasi]] berarti bahwa adanya penggunaan [[alat penukar panas]] internal, yang dapat meningkatkan efisiensi [[mesin]]. Banyak sekali kemungkinan dari penggunaan mesin stirling ini, dengan mayoritas masuk ke kategori mesin dengan [[piston]] tolak balik. Mesin stirling secara tradisional diklasifikasikan ke dalam [[mesin pembakaran eksternal]], meskipun panas bisa didapatkan dari sumber selain pembakaran seperti [[tenaga matahari]] maupun [[tenaga nuklir|nuklir]]. Mesin stirling beroperasi melalui penggunaan sumber panas eksternal dan [[heat sink]] eksternal, masing-masing dijaga agar memiliki perbedaan [[Suhu|temperatur]] yang cukup besar.
== Latar belakang ==
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Belakangan ini, keuntungan mesin Stirling terus meningkat, hal ini dimungkinkan dengan adanya kenaikan harga energi, kelangkaan sumber energi, sampai kepedulian tentang masalah lingkungan seperti [[pemanasan global]]. Ketertarikan yang meningkat terhadap mesin Stirling ini berakibat dengan terus bertambahnya penelitian mengenai peralatan Stirling tersebut. Aplikasinya termasuk pemompaan air, astronautik, dan sebagai pembangkit listrik untuk sumber-sumber panas yang tidak sesuai dengan mesin pembakaran dalam seperti energi matahari.
Karakteristik mesin Stirling yang berguna lainnya adalah jika yang disuplai [[Energi mekanis|energi mekanik]] maka ia dapat beroperasi sebagai [[heat pump]].
==
Mesin Stirling ditemukan pertamakali oleh [[
== Jenis ==
===Stirling alfa ===
Berisi kekuatan dua piston dalam silinder yang terpisah, satu berada di bagian dingin dan satunya berada di bagian panas. Silinder panas terletak di dalam suhu tinggi penghantar panas (silinder yang dibakar) dan silinder dingin terletak di dalam displacer suhu rendah. Jenis mesin ini memiliki rasio power-to-volume tinggi, namun memiliki masalah teknis karena apabila suhu piston tinggi biasanya panas akan merambat ke pipa pemisah silinder. Dalam praktiknya, piston ini biasanya membawa isolasi yang cukup besar untuk bergerak jauh dari zona panas dengan mengorbankan beberapa ruang mati tambahan.
=== Stirling beta ===
Memiliki piston daya tunggal yang diatur dalam silinder yang sama pada poros yang sama sebagai displacer piston. Silinder piston displacer yang cukup longgar hanya berfungsi untuk antar jemput gas panas dari silinder panas ke silinder dingin. Ketika silinder dipanaskan, gas mendorong dan memberikan piston kekuatan. Ketika piston terdorong ke dingin (titik bawah) silinder mendapat momentum dari mesin, dan ditingkatkan dengan [[roda gila]]. Tidak seperti jenis alfa, jenis beta tidak akan menyebabkan [[Insulator listrik|isolator]] (pipa pemisah jika dalam bentuk alfa) menjadi panas.
=== Stirling gamma ===
Mesin stirling gamma hanyalah sebuah mesin stirling beta, di mana piston tenaga sudah terpasang di dalam silinder terpisah samping silinder piston displacer, tapi masih terhubung ke roda gila sama. Gas dalam dua silinder dapat mengalir bebas karena mereka berada dalam satu tubuh. Konfigurasi ini menghasilkan [[rasio kompresi]] lebih rendah, tetapi mekanis ini cukup sederhana dan sering digunakan didalam mesin stirling multisilinder.
== Referensi ==
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{{Refend}}
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{{Refend}}
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{{Wiktionary|Stirling engine}}
* {{dmoz|Science/Technology/Energy/Devices/External_Combustion_Engines/Stirling_Engines}}
* I. Urieli (2008). [http://www.ent.ohiou.edu/~urieli/stirling/me422.html Stirling Cycle Machine Analysis 2008 Winter Syllabus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100630062833/http://www.ent.ohiou.edu/~urieli/stirling/me422.html |date=2010-06-30 }}
* [http://www.bekkoame.ne.jp/~khirata/academic/simple/simplee.htm Simple Performance Prediction Method for Stirling Engine]
* [http://leakystirling.Free.fr/ Explanations stirling engine and demos]
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