Demonstrasi Kosovo 1981: Perbedaan antara revisi

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Bashar Al-Dewi (bicara | kontrib)
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(4 revisi perantara oleh 3 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
Pada bulan Maret dan April 1981, sebuah demonstrasi mahasiswa di [[Pristina]], ibukotaibu kota Provinsi Otonom Sosialis Kosovo, menyebabkan demonstrasi meluas oleh orang Kosovo Albania menuntut otonomi lebih dalam [[Republik Federal Sosialis Yugoslavia]]. Presiden Yugoslavia menyatakan [[keadaan darurat]] di Pristina dan Kosovska Mitrovica, yang menyebabkan kerusuhan. Kerusuhan ini dapat dipadamkan setelah dilakukan pengerahan anggota polisi dalam jumlah besar yang menyebabkan jatuhnya banyak korban dan diikuti dengan penindasan politik.
 
{{Infobox military conflict
| image = [[File:2 April 1981 memorial, Pristina.JPG|288px]]
| caption = Monumen peringatan untuk 2 orang yang tewas, 2013
| place = [[Provinsi Otonom Sosialis Kosovo|POS Kosovo]], [[Republik Sosialis Serbia|RS Serbia]], [[Republik Sosialis Federal Yugoslavia|RSF Yugoslavia]]
| date = 11 Maret – 3 April 1981
| result = Kegagalan demonstran
| combatant1 = {{Flag|Yugoslavia}}
*{{Flagdeco|Albania}} [[Provinsi Otonom Sosialis Kosovo|POS Kosovo]]
*{{flag|Serbia|1991}}
| combatant2 = {{Flagdeco|Albania}} [[Orang Albania Kosovo]]{{br}}'''Pendukung :'''{{br}}{{flag|Albania}}
| commander1 = {{Flagicon|Yugoslavia}} [[Cvijetin Mijatović]]{{br}}{{flagicon|Yugoslavia}} [[Branko Mamula]]
| commander2 = {{Flagdeco|Albania}} [[Besim Baraliu]]{{br}}{{flagdeco|Albania}} [[Milazim Shala]]
| casualties1 = 4 Tewas{{br}}17 Terluka
| casualties2 = 9 Tewas{{br}}4.000+ ditangkap
}}
 
== Latar belakang ==
Baris 44 ⟶ 60:
== Sumber ==
* {{Cite book|url=http://www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/8454/8454.ch01.html|title=Kosovo: How Myths and Truths Started a War|last=Mertus|first=Julie A.|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|year=1999|isbn=0-253-20703-7|chapter=The 1981 Student Demonstrations|ref=harv|author-link=Julie A. Mertus}}
<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options.">Cite book</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="url" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">URL</span><span data-key="url" title="The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "http://..." or maybe even the  protocol relative scheme "//..."" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="url" id="CITEREFMertus1999-url-" style="position: relative;"><nowiki>http://www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/8454/8454.ch01.html</nowiki></div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the book; displays in italics" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" id="CITEREFMertus1999-title-" style="position: relative;">Kosovo: How Myths and Truths Started a War</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" id="CITEREFMertus1999-last-" style="position: relative;">Mertus</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">First name</span><span data-key="first" title="Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="first" id="CITEREFMertus1999-first-" style="position: relative;">Julie A.</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Publisher</span><span data-key="publisher" title="Name of the publisher; displays after title" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">[[University of California Press]]<div class="cx-overlay"><div class="cx-spinner"></div></div></div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" id="CITEREFMertus1999-year-" style="position: relative;">1999</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="isbn" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ISBN</span><span data-key="isbn" title="International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="isbn" id="CITEREFMertus1999-isbn-" style="position: relative;">0-253-20703-7</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="chapter" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Chapter</span><span data-key="chapter" title="The chapter heading of the source; may be wikilinked or with 'chapterurl' but not both. For the contribution alias, see contributor-last" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="chapter" id="CITEREFMertus1999-chapter-" style="position: relative;">The 1981 Student Demonstrations</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="ref" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Ref</span><span data-key="ref" title="An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references; special value 'harv' generates an anchor suitable for the harv and sfn templates" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="ref" id="CITEREFMertus1999-ref-" style="position: relative;">harv</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="author-link" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Author link</span><span data-key="author-link" title="Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="author-link" id="CITEREFMertus1999-author-link-" style="position: relative;">Julie A. Mertus</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Authors list</span><span data-key="authors" title="List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, "lastn" to "firstn" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authors" id="CITEREFMertus1999-authors-" style="position: relative;">Mertus</div></div></div></div>
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Po03enYpbqsC&pg=PA184|title=Yugoslavia: A State That Withered Away|last=Jović|first=Dejan|publisher=Purdue University Press|year=2009|page=184|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L562PiBM6GEC|title=Kosovo: the politics of identity and space|last=Kostovicova|first=Denisa|publisher=Routledge|year=2005|isbn=9780415348065|ref=harv|access-date=18 March 2012}}