Kerajaan Asyur Baru: Perbedaan antara revisi

| native_name = =

| conventional_long_name = KekaisaranKerajaan AsiriaAsyur Baru

| common_name = AsiriaAsyur

| continent = moved from= Category:Asia to the Middle East

|region region = [[Timur Tengah]]

| country =

| era = [[Zaman Besi]]

| status_text =

| empire =

| government_type = Monarki

| year_start = 934 SM

| year_end = 609 SM

| year_exile_start =

| year_exile_end =

| event_start = Ashur-dan II

| date_start =

| event_end = [[Pertempuran Megiddo (609 SM)|Pertempuran Megiddo]]

| date_end =

|event1 event1 = [[Pertempuran NinevehNiniwe (612 SM)|Pertempuran NinevehNiniwe]]

| date_event1 = 612 SM

|event2 event2 =

| date_event2 =

|event3 event3 =

| date_event3 =

|event4 event4 =

| date_event4 =

| event_pre =

| date_pre =

| event_post = =

| date_post = =

| p1 = PeriodeKekaisaran AsiriaAsyur Pertengahan

| flag_p1 = Médio-assyrien.png

| image_p1 =

| p2 = Elam

| flag_p2 =

| p3 = Dinasti keduapuluh lima Mesir
| flag_p3 =

| p4 = Kerajaan Israel (Samaria)

| flag_p4 = Kingdoms of Israel and Judah map 830-id.svg

| p5 =

| flag_p5 =

| s1 = KekasiaranKekaisaran Media

| flag_s1 = Median Empire.svg

| image_s1 =

| s2 = Kekaisaran Babilonia Baru

| flag_s2 = Neo babylonia empire 540 bc.svg

| s3 = Dinasti keduapuluh enam Mesir

| flag_s3 =

| s4 =

| flag_s4 =

| s5 =

| flag_s5 =

| image_flag = Assyrian Flag.png

| flag =

| flag_type =

| image_coat =

|symbol symbol =

| symbol_type = =

| image_map = Map= Neo-Assyrian ofEmpire Assyria911-606.png

| image_map_caption = = Peta Kekaisaran AsiriaAsyur Baru dan ekspansinya

| capital = [[Assur]], kemudian [[Nineveh]]

| capital_exile =

| latd= |latm= |latNS= |longd= |longm= |longEW =

|national_motto latm =

|national_anthem latNS =

|religion longm = [[Agama Asiria-Babilonia|Henotheism]]=

|currency longEW = =

|leader1 national_motto = [[Ashur-dan II]] (pertama)

|leader2 national_anthem = [[Ashur-uballit II]] (terakhir)

|year_leader1 common_languages = 934–912[[Bahasa SMAram]]

|title_leader currency = [[Raja Asiria|Raja]] =

|representative3 year_leader1 = 934–912 SM

|representative4 year_leader2 = 612–609 SM

|deputy1 year_representative1 = <!--- Name of primeYears ministerserved --->

|deputy2 year_representative2 =

|deputy3 year_representative3 =

|deputy4 year_representative4 =

|year_deputy1 title_representative = <!--- Years servedDefault: "Governor"--->

|year_deputy2 deputy1 = <!--- Name of prime minister --->

|year_deputy3 deputy2 =

|year_deputy4 deputy3 =

|title_deputy deputy4 = <!--- Default: "Prime minister" ---> =

|legislature year_deputy1 = <!--- Years served --->

|house1 year_deputy2 =

|type_house1 year_deputy3 =

|house2 year_deputy4 =

|type_house2 title_deputy = <!--- Default: "Prime minister" --->

|stat_year1 house1 = =

|stat_area1 type_house1 = =

|stat_year2 type_house2 = |<!--- Area and population of a given year --->

|stat_area2 stat_year1 =

|stat_pop2 stat_area1 =

|stat_area3 stat_year2 =

|stat_pop3 stat_area2 =

|stat_year4 stat_pop2 =

|stat_area4 stat_year3 =

|stat_pop4 stat_area3 =

|stat_year5 stat_pop3 =

|stat_area5 stat_year4 =

|stat_pop5 stat_area4 =

|footnotes stat_pop4 =

|format=PDF|title = National and Ethnic Identity in the Neo-Assyrian Empire and Assyrian Identity in Post-Empire Times

|authorlink = Simo Parpola

|archivedate = 2011-07-17

}}</ref> Pada masa kejayaan kekaisarankerajaan ini, bangsa AsiriaAsyur menjadi bangsa terkuat di dunia, bersaing dengan [[Babilonia]], [[Mesir kuno|Mesir]], [[Urartu]]/[[Bangsa Armenia|Armenia]]<ref name="kchanson.com">http://www.kchanson.com/ANCDOCS/meso/obelisk.html</ref> dan [[Elam]] dalam memperebutkan kekuasaan di [[Timur Dekat]] dan Mediterania timur, KekaisaranKerajaan ini menjadi kuat melalui reformasi oleh [[Tiglath-Pileser III]] pada abad ke-8 SM.<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.livius.org/li-ln/limmu/limmu_1c.html |title=Assyrian Eponym List] |access-date=2011-07-17 |archive-date=2016-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114070111/http://www.livius.org/li-ln/limmu/limmu_1c.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>Tadmor, H. (1994). ''The Inscriptions of Tiglath-Pileser III, King of Assyria.''pp.29</ref>

AsiriaAsyur pada awalnya merupakan kerajaan [[Akkadia]] kecil yang berkembang pada abad ke 23 sampai 21 SM. Raja-raja AsiriaAsyur hanyalah pemimpin regional dan merupakan bawahan [[Sargon dari Akkad]], yang menyatukan semua bangsa berbahasa Akkadia di Mesopotamia di bawah [[Kekaisaran Akkadia]], yang bertahan dari 2270 SM sampai 2080 SM. Setelah Kekaisaran Akkadia runtuh, bangsa AsiriaAsyur dan Babilonia dapat berkembang. Pada periode AsiriaAsyur LamaKuno pada [[Zaman Perunggu Awal]], AsiriaAsyur menjadi kerajaan di Mesopotamia utara ([[Irak]] utara modern), memperebutkan dominasi dan melawan saingannya di Mesopotamia selatan yang juga ber[[bahasa Akkadia]], yaitu Babilonia, yang seringkalisering kali berada di bawah kekuasaan [[bangsa Kassit]]. Pada periode ini, AsiriaAsyur juga membuat koloni-koloni di [[Asia Kecil]].

Asira mengalami pasang surut kekuasaan pada periode AsiriaAsyur Pertegahan. AsiriaAsyur mengalami periode kekasiaran di bawah kekuasaan [[Shamshi-Adad I]] pada abad ke-18 dan 17 SM, Setelah itu AsiriaAsyur berada di bawah dominasi Babilonia, lalu [[Mittani]]-[[Hurria]] pada abad ke-17 - 15 SM. AsiriaAsyur kemudian menjadi kekaisaraankerajaan yang kuat pada 1365 SM sampai 1076 SM, yang meliputi pemeritahan raja-raja besar, misalnya [[Ashur-uballit I]], [[Tukulti-Ninurta I]] dan [[Tiglath-Pileser I]]. Dimulai dengan kampanye [[Adad-nirari II]], AsiriaAsyur lagi-lagi menjadi kekaisarankerajaan yang kuat. KekaisaranKerajaan AsiriaAsyur menjatuhkan [[Dinasti keduapuluh lima Mesir|Dinasti Kedua puluh lima Mesir]] dan menaklukan Mesir, Babilonia, Elam, Urartu, [[Kekaisaran Media|Media]], [[Persia]], [[Mannea]], [[Gutium]], [[Punisia]]/[[Kanaan]], [[Aramea]] ([[Suriah]]), [[Arab]], [[Kerajaan Israel (Samaria)|Israel]], [[YudahKerajaan Yehuda|Yehuda]], [[Palestina]], [[Edom]], [[Moab]], [[Samarra]], [[Kilikia]], [[Siprus]], [[Khaldea]], [[Nabatea]], [[Kommagene]], [[Dilmun]]; menaklukan [[bangsa Hurria]], [[bangsa Shutu]] dan [[bangsa Hittit]]; mengsuir [[bangsa Nubia]], [[Kerajaan Kush|bangsa Kushit]] dan [[bangsa Ethiopia]] dari [[Mesir]]; mengalahkan [[bangsa Kimmeria]] dan [[bangsa Skithia]]; dan memperoleh upeti dari [[Frigia]], [[Magan]], dan [[Tahan Punt|Punt]].

Periode AsiriaAsyur Pertengahan digantikan oleh KekaisaranKerajaan AsiriaAsyur Baru (abad ke-14 sampai 10 SM). Beberapa sejarawan, contohnya [[Richard Nelson Frye]], berpendapat bahwa KekaisaranKerajaan AsiriaAsyur Baru adalah kekaisaran[[imperium]] seungguhnyasesungguhnya yang pertama dalam sejarah manusia.<ref name="Frye">{{cite web |first= |last= |authorlink=Richard Nelson Frye |author=Frye, Richard N. |coauthors= |title=Assyria and Syria: Synonyms |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_KesgkBziUs |work=PhD., Harvard University |publisher=[[Journal of Near Eastern Studies]] |id= |pages= |page= |year=1992 |accessdate= |quote=And the ancient Assyrian empire, was the first real, empire in history. What do I mean, it had many different peoples included in the empire, all speaking Aramaic, and becoming what may be called, "Assyrian citizens." That was the first time in history, that we have this. For example, Elamite musicians, were brought to Nineveh, and they were 'made Assyrians' which means, that Assyria, was more than a small country, it was the empire, the whole Fertile Crescent. }}</ref> Pada periode ini, [[bahasa Aram]] menjadi bahasa resmi kekaisarankerajaan, bersama dengan dengan [[bahasa Akkadia]].<ref name="Frye"/> Asyur juga mengembangkan [[Komunikasi negara di Kerajaan Asyur Baru|sistem komunikasi cepat]] untuk surat-surat pemerintahan dan kebijakan [[Kebijakan perpindahan penduduk di Kerajaan Asyur Baru|perpindahan penduduk]] untuk memperkuat politik, ekonomi dan budaya kerajaan.

KekaisaranKerajaan AsiriaAsyur Baru ditaklukan oleh persekutuan [[bangsa Babilonia]], [[bangsa Medes|Medes]], [[bangsa Skithia|Skithia]], dan bangsa-bangsa lainnya dalam persitiwaperistiwa [[Pertempuran NinevehNiniwe (612 SM)|Kejatuhan NinevehNiniwe]] pada 612 SM, serta penghancuran ibukotanyaibu kotanya, [[Harran]], pada 608 SM. Lebih dari setengah abad kemudian, Babilonia dan AsiriaAsyur [[AkhemeniaAkhemeniyah AsiriaAsyur|menjadi provinsi]] di [[Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah|Kekaisaran AkhemeniaAkhemeniyah]]. Setelah runtuh, budaya AsiriaAsyur tetap berpengaruh terhadap kekaisaran Media dan Persia.<ref name="Assyrian Influence">{{cite web

|quote=The cultural give and take influenced the many things some of which are the cuneiform writing and the building of ziggurats which the later Assyrians and the Achaemenid (Hakhamaneshi) Persians inherited. The Assyrians for the most part were responsible for the destruction of the Elamite civilization but the Assyrians influenced the cultures of Media and [[Urartu]] and the influence of Elam lived on among the Medes and Persians. The various Iranian speaking peoples who had been coming into what is now Caucasus Iran, Afghanistan and Central Asia since around 4 thousand BCE were heavily influenced by the aboriginal Elamites and the Semitic Babylonians and Assyrians. This difference can be most noticed when one compares other Iranian speaking peoples who lived in Eurasia like the Scything and Sarmatians whose culture was very different with that of Iranian tribes who settled in the Iranian Plateau and became more intertwined with Slavic peoples. So from that far back Iran (the geographic location) has been multiqmulti-ethnic. }}</ref>

== ReferensiRujukan ==

* [http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/hum/aasia/pg/teppo/ Women and their Agency in the Neo-Assyrian Empire] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524202612/http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/hum/aasia/pg/teppo/ |date=2013-05-24 }}, Saana Teppo, Master's Thesis, April 2005. University of Helsinki, Faculty of Arts, Institute for Asian and African Studies, Assyriology.

* http://www3.uakron.edu/ziyaret/index.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730055504/http://www3.uakron.edu/ziyaret/index.html |date=2014-07-30 }}

* http://www3.uakron.edu/ziyaret/historical.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604053427/http://www3.uakron.edu/ziyaret/historical.html |date=2013-06-04 }}

* httphttps://wwwweb.webcitationarchive.org/query?url=web/20091024171942/http://www.geocities.com/garyweb65/neoassy.html&date=2009-10-25+22:30:02