Rumah kerja: Perbedaan antara revisi

[[Berkas:Workhouse Nantwich.jpg|thumbjmpl|rightka|280 px|Bekas rumah kerja di [[Nantwich]], dari tahun 1780]]

Di Inggris dan Wales, '''rumah kerja''' ({{lang-en|'''workhouse'''}}, juga dikenal dengan sebutan '''spike''') adalah sebuah tempat dimanadi mana orang-orang yang tak mampu mendukungmenghidupi diri mereka sendiri diberi akomodasi dan pekerjaan. Penggunaan terawal yang diketahui dari istilah tersebut bermula dari tahun 1631, dalam sebuah catatan darudari wali walikotakota [[Abingdon, Oxfordshire|Abingdon]] mengabarkan bahwa "kami telah mendirikan sebuah rumah kerja di borough kami untuk memberikan pekerjaan kepada kaum miskin".{{efn|Asli: "wee haue erected wthn our borough a workehouse to sett poore people to worke"}}<ref name=HigginbothamIntroduction>{{cite web |last=Higginbotham |first=Peter |title=Introduction |url=http://www.workhouses.org.uk/intro/ |publisher=workhouse.org.uk |accessdate=9 April 2010}}</ref>

== Referensi ==

* {{citation |last=Anon |title=Reports from Commissioners, Fifteen Volumes, (8. Part I), Poor Laws (England), Session 4 February&nbsp;– 20 August 1836 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RFQSAAAAYAAJ |year=1836|volume=29, part 1 |publisher=HMSO }}

* {{citation |last=Crowther |first=A. C. |title=The Workhouse System 1834–1929: The History of an English Social Institution |year=1981 |publisher=Batsford Academic and Educational |isbn=0-7134-3671-9}}

* {{citation |last=Driver |first=Felix |title=Power and Pauperism |year=2004 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-60747-7}}

* {{citation |last=Fowler |first=Simon |title=Workhouse: The People: The Places: The Life Behind Closed Doors |year=2007 |publisher=The National Archives |isbn=978-1-905615-28-5}}

* {{citation |last=Fraser |first=Derek |title=The Evolution of the British Welfare State |year=2009 |edition=4 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-22466-7}}

* {{citation |last=Gibson |first=Colin |title=Dissolving Wedlock |year=1993 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-03226-1}}

* {{citation |last=Green |first=David R. |title=Pauper Capital: London and the Poor Law, 1790–1870 |year=2010 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |isbn=0-7546-3008-0}}

* {{citation |last=Higginbotham |first=Peter |title=Workhouses of the North |year=2006 |publisher=Tempus |isbn=0-7524-4001-2}}

* {{citation |last=Higginbotham |first=Peter |title=The Workhouse Encyclopedia |year=2012 |publisher=The History Press |format=eBook|isbn=978-0-7524-7719-0 }}

* {{citation |last=Higgs |first=Michelle |title=Life in the Victorian & Edwardian Workhouse |year=2007 |publisher=Tempus Publishing |isbn=978-0-7524-4214-3}}

* {{citation |last=Honeyman |first=Katrina |title=Child Workers in England, 1780–1820 |year=2007 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |isbn=978-0-7546-6272-3}}

* {{citation |last=Hopkins |first=Eric |title=Childhood Transformed |year=1994 |publisher=Manchester University Press |isbn=0-7190-3867-7}}

* {{citation |last=Jones |first=Catherine |title=Immigration and Social Policy in Britain |year=1980 |origyear=1977 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-422-74680-9}}

* {{citation |last=Knott |first=John |title=Popular opposition to the 1834 Poor Law |year=1986 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-7099-1532-4}}

* {{citation |title=Encyclopedia of Homelessness |year=2004 |volume=2 |pages=663–92 |contribution=An Act for the Amendment and better Administration of the Laws relating to the Poor in England and Wales (14th August 1834) |publisher=Sage |editor1-last=Levinson |editor1-first=David |isbn=978-0-7619-2751-8}}

* {{citation |last=Longmate |first=Norman |title=The Workhouse |year=2003 |publisher=Pimlico |isbn=978-0-7126-0637-0}}

* {{citation |last=May |first=Trevor |title=An Economic and Social History of Britain 1760–1970 |year=1987 |publisher=Longman Group |isbn=0-582-35281-9}}

* {{citation |last=May |first=Trevor |title=The Victorian Workhouse |year=2011 |publisher=Shire Publications |isbn=978-0-7478-0355-3}}

* {{citation |title=The Development of Welfare Services for Elderly People |year=1985 |last1=Means |last2=Smith |first1=Robin |first2=Randall |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-7099-3531-5}}

* {{citation |last=Nicholls |first=Sir George |title=A History of the English Poor Law |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I37aAAAAMAAJ |year=1854|volume=II |publisher=John Murray }}

* {{citation |last=Nixon |first=Cheryl L. |title=The Orphan in Eighteenth-Century Law and Literature |year=2011 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing |isbn=0-7546-6424-4}}

* {{citation |last=Poynter |first=J. R. |title=Society and Pauperism |year=1969 |publisher=Routledge and Kegan Paul |isbn=978-0-8020-1611-9}}

* {{citation |last=Redford |first=Arthur |title=Labour Migration in England, 1800–1850 |year=1976 |edition=3rd |publisher=Manchester University Press |isbn=978-0-7190-0636-4}}

== Bacaan tambahan ==

* {{cite book |last=Crompton |first=Frank |title=Workhouse Children: Infant and Child Paupers Under the Worcestershire Poor Law, 1780–1871 |year=1997 |publisher=Sutton Publishing |isbn=978-0-7509-1429-1|postscript=}}

* {{cite book |last=Downing |first= J. |title=An Account of Several Work-houses for Employing and Maintaining the Poor |url=http://openlibrary.org/books/OL22843166M/An_Account_of_several_work-houses_for_employing_and_maintaining_the_poor |publisher=Joseph Downing |year=1725|postscript=}}

* {{cite book |last=Higginbotham |first=Peter |title=Workhouses of the Midlands |url=https://archive.org/details/workhousesofmidl0000unse |year=2007 |publisher=The History Press |isbn=978-0-7524-4488-8|postscript=}}

* {{cite book |last=Higginbotham |first=Peter |title=The Workhouse Cookbook |year=2008 |publisher=The History Press |isbn=978-0-7524-4730-8|postscript=}}

* {{cite book |last=Rogers |first=Joseph |title=Reminiscences of a Workhouse Medical Officer |url=https://archive.org/details/josephrogersmdre00roge |year=1889 |publisher=T. F. Unwin|postscript=}}

* {{cite book |last=Nightingale|first=Florence |authorlink=Florence Nightingale |title=[[s:Workhouse nursing|Workhouse nursing]]|year=1867|publisher=Macmillan and Co.}}

* {{cite book |last=Twining| first=Louisa |authorlink=Louisa Twining |title=[[s:Workhouses and women's work|Workhouses and women's work]] |year=1858 |publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans and Roberts}}

== Pranala luar ==

* [http://www.victorians.co.uk/victorian-workhouses Victorian Workhouses]

* [http://www.workhouses.org.uk The Workhouse Website] An extensive history of the workhouse

* [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/workhouse.asp Workhouse records on The National Archives' website.]

* [http://www.historyextra.com/workhouse The Rise and Fall of the Workhouse]