Wikipedia

Sengketa Siprus: Perbedaan antara revisi

Jelajahi riwayat secara interaktif
← Revisi sebelumnya
Konten dihapus Konten ditambahkan
VisualTeks wiki
Pierrewee (bicara | kontrib)
Pengurus
43.021 suntingan
-
InternetArchiveBot (bicara | kontrib)
Bot
695.977 suntingan
Add 1 book for Wikipedia:Pemastian (20240809)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) (GreenC bot
 
(21 revisi perantara oleh 5 pengguna tidak ditampilkan)
Baris 1:
'''Sengketa Siprus''' atau '''Isu Siprus''' adalah isu yang masih berlangsung karenadikarenakan [[Invasi Turki ke Siprus|invasi militer]] dan berlanjutnya [[Republik Turki Siprus Utara|pendudukan Turki]] (sejak [[1974]]) terhadap sepertiga bagian utara pulau tersebut, suatu situasi yang digambarkan dan disesalkan dalam beberapa laporan dan resolusi PBB.<ref>The [https://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/353%281974%29 first UN Security Council resolution on the Turkish invasion] (no 353), issued the same day the invasion begun, July 20, 1974.</ref><ref>United Nations [https://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/3212%28XXIX%29 General Assembly resolution 3212 (1974)] titled “Question of Cyprus”, later endorsed by the [https://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/365%281974%29 UN Security Council resolution 365 (1974)].</ref><ref>The [https://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/10002%28SUPP%29 Annual Report of the Security Council 1974-1975] (see: “The Situation in Cyprus”, p. 2-25), covering roughly the year following the Turkish invasion in summer 1974.</ref> Meskipun [[Siprus|Republik Siprus]] diakui sebagai satu-satunya negara yang sah, yangdan berdaulat atas keseluruhan pulau, bagian utara secara ''de facto'' berada di bawah pemerintahan [[Republik Turki Siprus Utara]] yang dideklarasikan sendiri; yangdan dijagadilindungi oleh [[Angkatan Bersenjata Turki]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.balkanalysis.com/blog/2006/12/17/cyprus%E2%80%99-military-balance-greek-and-turkish-forces-in-comparison/|title=Cyprus’s Military Balance: Greek and Turkish Forces in Comparison - Balkanalysis|website=www.balkanalysis.com|access-date=2017-01-11|archive-date=2018-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113154437/http://www.balkanalysis.com/blog/2006/12/17/cyprus%E2%80%99-military-balance-greek-and-turkish-forces-in-comparison/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Saat ini hanya Turki yang mengakui Republik Turki Siprus Utara, sementara terdapat pengakuan luas bahwa kehadiran militer yang sedang berlangsung merupakan pendudukan wilayah-wilayah yang menjadi milik Republik Siprus. Menurut [[Mahkamah Eropa untuk Hak Asasi Manusia|Mahkamah Hak Asasi Manusia Eropa]], Republik Turki Siprus Utara harus dianggap sebagai sebuah negara boneka di bawah penguasaan efektif Turki.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Milano|first1=Enrico|title=Unlawful Territorial Situations in International Law: Reconciling Effectiveness, Legality And Legitimacy|date=2006|page=146|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4ph_D_aYHNMC&pg=PA146&lpg=PA146&dq=puppet+state+trnc&source=bl&ots=4LiN-7opEU&sig=1zfrjnnAdwUsPiMdTh7s2AKVxRg&hl=el&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjqqtm23aLVAhXC0RQKHV0RAJoQ6AEIYjAG#v=onepage&q=puppet%20state%20trnc&f=false}}</ref> <ref>{{cite book|last1=Terry.D.|first1=Gill|title=Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 2015|date=2016|page=58|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ENeSDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA58&lpg=PA58&dq=puppet+state+trnc&source=bl&ots=3XapsbISz2&sig=UkM53QW6A3m7MG_cq6z0cnuYIJ0&hl=el&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwimsN7F4aLVAhUKXhQKHcbTAxEQ6AEIVDAE#v=onepage&q=puppet%20state%20trnc&f=false}}</ref>
 
Awalnya, dengan [[Sejarah Modern Siprus|pencaplokan pulau]] oleh [[Imperium Britania]] dari [[Kesultanan Utsmaniyah]], "sengketa Siprus" digambarkan sebagai konflik antara rakyat Siprus dan [[Mahkota (Persemakmuran)|Kerajaan Britania]] mengenai tuntutan rakyat Siprus untuk [[penentuan nasib sendiri]]. Namun, konflik tersebut akhirnya berubah, di bawah pemerintahan Britania, dari sebuah sengketa kolonial menjadi [[Krisis Siprus (1955-1964)|sengketa etnis antara orang Turki dan penduduk pulau orang Yunani]].<ref>Anthony Eden, "Memoirs, Full Circle, Cassell, London 1960</ref> Komplikasi internasional dari sengketa ini membentang jauh melampaui batas-batas pulau Siprus itu sendiri dan melibatkan kekuatan penjamin berdasarkan [[Perjanjian Zürich dan#Perjanjian Jaminan|Perjanjian Zürich dan London]] ([[Turki]], [[Yunani]], dan [[Britania Raya]]), Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, dan [[Uni Eropa]], bersama dengan (tidak resmi) Amerika Serikat.<ref>{{cite news|title=FACTBOX: Key issues in Cyprus dispute|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2009/11/10/us-cyprus-conflict-factbox-idUSTRE5A94EV20091110|accessdate=10 November 2009 | work=Reuters|date=10 November 2009|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924143743/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/11/10/us-cyprus-conflict-factbox-idUSTRE5A94EV20091110|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
 
[[Kudeta Siprus 1974]] mendorongmemicu [[Invasi Turki ke Siprus|Turki untuk menyerbu]],<ref>https://www.un.org/documents/sc/res/1974/scres74.htm</ref> dan menduduki bagian utara dari [[Republik Siprus]] yang diakui secara internasional. Pada tahun 1983, komunitas [[Orang Siprus Turki Siprus|orang Siprus keturunan Turki]] secara sepihak mendeklarasikan kemerdekaan dengan membentuk [[Republik Turki Siprus Utara]] (TRNC), sebuah entitas berdaulat yang tidak memiliki [[pengakuan internasional]] kecuali Turki,<ref>U.N. Security Council [https://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/541%281983%29 resolution 541 (1983)] that deplores the declaration of “independence” by the Turkish-Cypriot authorities as secessionist and declares it legally invalid.</ref><ref>U.N. Security Council [https://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/550%281984%29 resolution 550 (1984)] condemning the “TRNC” recognition by Turkey.</ref> di mana dengannya TRNC menikmati hubungan diplomatik penuh, melanggar [[Resolusi 550 Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa|Resolusi 550]] yang disetujui pada 11 Mei 1984 oleh Dewan Keamanan PBB.
 
Sebagai hasil dari kedua komunitas dan negara penjamin yang berkomitmen untuk menemukan solusi damai atas sengketa tersebut, Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa mempertahankan suatu zona penyangga ("[[Zona Penyangga Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa di Siprus|Garis Hijau]]") untuk menghindari ketegangan dan permusuhan lanjutan antarkomunitas. Zona ini memisahkan wilayah selatan Republik Siprus (terutama dihuni oleh [[Orang Yunani Siprus|orang Siprus keturunan Yunani]]), dengan wilayah utara (di mana orang-orang Siprus keturunan Turki bersama dengan [[pemukim Turki di Siprus Utara|para pemukim Turki]] merupakan mayoritas saat ini). Beberapa tahun terakhir telah terlihat menghangatnya hubungan antara orang Siprus keturunan Yunani dan Turki, dengan [[Perundingan Siprus 2014|perundingan reunifikasi yang diperbarui]] mulai secara resmi pada awal 2014.<ref name="Cyprus Mail 11 Feb 2014">[http://cyprus-mail.com/2014/02/11/joint-declaration-final-version-as-agreed-between-the-two-leaders/ Cyprus Mail 11 Feb 2014] Joint Declaration</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Xypolia|first1=Ilia|title=Are the Cyprus reunification talks doomed to fail again?|url=https://theconversation.com/are-the-cyprus-reunification-talks-doomed-to-fail-again-80251|website=The Conversation|accessdate=5 July 2017|language=en}}</ref>
 
== Catatan ==
Baris 11 ⟶ 13:
=== Publikasi dan sumber-sumber resmi ===
* [https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200405/cmselect/cmfaff/113/11302.htm The House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee report on Cyprus].
* [http://www.moi.gov.cy/moi/pio/pio.nsf/All/E570E4948868A105C2256EAE003CAAE0?OpenDocument Letter by the President of the Republic, Mr Tassos Papadopoulos, to the U.N. Secretary-General, Mr Kofi Annan, dated June 7, which circulated as an official document of the U.N. Security Council] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080928053054/http://www.moi.gov.cy/moi/pio/pio.nsf/All/E570E4948868A105C2256EAE003CAAE0?OpenDocument |date=2008-09-28 }}
* [http://www.moi.gov.cy/moi/pio/pio.nsf/All/BD477C55623013C5C2256D740027CF98?OpenDocument Legal Issues arising from certain population transfers and displacements on the territory of the Republic of Cyprus in the period since 20 July 1974] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080928053046/http://www.moi.gov.cy/moi/pio/pio.nsf/All/BD477C55623013C5C2256D740027CF98?OpenDocument |date=2008-09-28 }}
* [http://www.hri.org/news/cyprus/cna/2004/04-04-08.cna.html#01 Address to Cypriots by President Papadopoulos (FULL TEXT)]
* The Republic of Cyprus Press and Information Office, [http://www.moi.gov.cy/moi/pio/pio.nsf/a_problem_en/a_problem_en?OpenDocument Aspects of the Cyprus Problem] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520042546/http://www.moi.gov.cy/moi/pio/pio.nsf/a_problem_en/a_problem_en?OpenDocument |date=2019-05-20 }}
* [http://www.moi.gov.cy/moi/pio/pio.nsf/0/5CFDB55E726D86C1C2256DC3007953BB/$file/Application%20no%2025781_94.pdf?OpenElement European Court of Human Rights Case of Cyprus v. Turkey (Application no. 25781/94)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927215151/http://www.moi.gov.cy/moi/pio/pio.nsf/0/5CFDB55E726D86C1C2256DC3007953BB/$file/Application%20no%2025781_94.pdf?OpenElement |date=2007-09-27 }}
 
=== Sumber-sumber lainnya ===
* [http://www.sant.ox.ac.uk/esc/esc-lectures/Oxford_Cyprus.pdf "Getting to Yes: Suggestions for the Embellishment of the Annan Plan for Cyprus (PDF)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051022171748/http://www.sant.ox.ac.uk/esc/esc-lectures/Oxford_Cyprus.pdf |date=2005-10-22 }} Policy Paper, Southeast European Studies at Oxford, St Antony's College, Oxford University, February 2004
* [http://www.wolfson.ox.ac.uk/ncyprus/WCW-CW-PDF.pdf "Economic Aspects of the Annan Plan for the Solution of the Cyprus Problem (PDF)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051022171729/http://www.wolfson.ox.ac.uk/ncyprus/WCW-CW-PDF.pdf |date=2005-10-22 }} Wolfson College, Oxford University, February 2004
* [http://www.cypruspolls.org/OptionsForPeaceTextAndCharts.pdf "Options for Peace: Mapping the Possibilities for a Comprehensive Settlement in Cyprus (PDF)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060218175012/http://www.cypruspolls.org/OptionsForPeaceTextAndCharts.pdf |date=2006-02-18 }} Alexandros Lordos, May 2005
* [http://www.sant.ox.ac.uk/esc/esc-lectures/ker-lindsay.pdf "From U Thant to Kofi Annan: UN Peacemaking in Cyprus, 1964–2004 (PDF)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051022171734/http://www.sant.ox.ac.uk/esc/esc-lectures/ker-lindsay.pdf |date=2005-10-22 }} James Ker-Lindsay, Occasional Paper 5/05, Southeast European Studies at Oxford, St Antony's College, Oxford University, October 2005
* [http://www.euborderconf.bham.ac.uk/publications/files/WP5Cyprus.pdf "EU and the Cyprus Conflict: Review of the Literature (PDF)"] Olga Demetriou, Working Paper Series in EU Border Conflicts, Number 5, January 2004
* [http://www.prio.no/files/file48994_cyprus_property_report_-_trimmed_and_reduced_file_size.pdf "The Property Regime in a Cyprus Settlement: A Reassessment of the Solution Proposed under the Annan Plan, Given the Performance of the Property Markets in Cyprus, 2003–2006 (PDF)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208024643/http://www.prio.no/files/file48994_cyprus_property_report_-_trimmed_and_reduced_file_size.pdf |date=2007-02-08 }} Stelios Platis, Stelios Orphanides and Fiona Mullen, PRIO Report 2/2006, PRIO Cyprus Centre, November 2006
 
== Bacaan lanjutan ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book | author=[[Harry Anastasiou|Anastasiou, Harry]]| title=The Broken Olive Branch: Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict and the Quest for Peace in Cyprus: The Impasse of Ethnonationalism| url=https://archive.org/details/brokenolivebranc0000anas| publisher=Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press| year=2008 | isbn = 0-8156-3196-0}}
* {{cite book | author=Dodd, Clement | title=The Cyprus Imbroglio | url=https://archive.org/details/cyprusimbroglio0000dodd |publisher=The Eothen Press |year=1998 | isbn = 0-906719-21-6}}
* {{cite book | author=Dodd, Clement (ed.)| title=Cyprus: The Need for New Perspectives | publisher=The Eothen Press | year=1999 | isbn = 0-906719-23-2}}
* {{cite book |author=Dodd, Clement | title=The History and Politics of the Cyprus Conflict |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2010 | isbn = 978-0-230-24211-1}}
* {{cite book | author=Brewin, Christopher| title=European Union and Cyprus | publisher=Eothen Press | year=2000 | isbn=0-906719-24-0}}
* The [[European Parliament]] Policy Department External Policies (2008) [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/activities/committees/studies/download.do?file=20800#search=%20Turkey%20 ''The Influence of Turkish Military Forces on Political Agenda-Setting in Turkey, Analysed on The Basis of the Cyprus Question''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090829234554/http://www.europarl.europa.eu/activities/committees/studies/download.do?file=20800#search=%20Turkey%20 |date=2009-08-29 }}
* {{cite book | author=Gibbons, Harry Scott | title=The Genocide Files | url=https://archive.org/details/genocidefiles00gibb | publisher=Charles Bravos Publishers | year=1997 | isbn = 0-9514464-2-8 }}
* {{cite book | author=Hannay, David| title=Cyprus: The Search for a Solution | url=https://archive.org/details/cyprussearchfors0000hann| publisher=[[I.B. Tauris]] | year=2005 | isbn = 1-85043-665-7}}
* {{cite book | author=Hitchens, Christopher| title=Hostage to History: Cyprus from the Ottomans to Kissinger | publisher=Verso | year=1997 | isbn = 1-85984-189-9}}
* {{cite book | author=Ker-Lindsay, James| title=EU Accession and UN Peacemaking in Cyprus | url=https://archive.org/details/euaccessionunpea0000kerl| publisher=Palgrave Macmillan | year=2005 | isbn = 1-4039-9690-3}}
* {{cite book | author=Ker-Lindsay, James| title=The Cyprus Problem: What everyone Needs to Know | url=https://archive.org/details/cyprusproblemwha0000kerl| publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2011 | isbn = 0-19-975715-1}}
* {{cite book | author=Philippou, Lambros| title=The Dialectic of the Cypriot Reason| publisher=Entipis, Nicosia| year=2011 | isbn = }}
* {{cite book | author=[[Yiannis Laouris|Laouris, Yiannis]]| title=Masks of Demons| publisher=Createspace, Amazon| year=2011 | isbn =978-1-4610-8320-7}}
* {{cite book | author=Michael, Michalis S| title=Resolving the Cyprus Conflict: Negotiating History | publisher=Palgrave Macmillan | year=2009 | isbn=978-0-230-62002-5}}
* {{cite book | author=Mirbagheri, Farid| title=Cyprus and International Peacemaking | url=https://archive.org/details/cyprusinternatio0000mirb| publisher=Hurst | year=1989 | isbn=1-85065-354-2}}
* {{cite book | author=Nicolet, Claude| title=United States Policy Towards Cyprus, 1954–1974 | publisher=Bibliopolis | year=2001 | isbn = 3-933925-20-7}}
* {{cite book | author=Oberling, Pierre| title=The Road to Bellapais | url=https://archive.org/details/roadtobellapaist0000ober| publisher=Columbia University Press | year=1982 | isbn = 0-88033-000-7}}
* {{cite book | author=O'Malley, Brendan and Ian Craig| title=The Cyprus Conspiracy | url=https://archive.org/details/cyprusconspiracy0000omal| publisher=[[I.B. Tauris]] | year=1999 | isbn = 1-86064-737-5}}
* {{cite book | author=Palley, Claire| title=An International Relations Debacle: The UN Secretary-General's Mission of Good Offices in Cyprus, 1999–2004 | url=https://archive.org/details/internationalrel0000pall| publisher=Hart Publishing | year=2005 | isbn = 1-84113-578-X}}
* {{cite book | author=Papadakis, Yiannis| title=Echoes from the Dead Zone: Across the Cyprus Divide | publisher=[[I.B. Tauris]] | year=2005 | isbn = 1-85043-428-X}}
* {{cite book | author=Plumer, Aytug| title=Cyprus, 1963–64: The Fateful Years| publisher=Cyrep (Lefkosa) | year=2003 | isbn = 975-6912-18-9}}
* {{cite book | author=Richmond, Oliver| title=Mediating in Cyprus | publisher=Frank Cass | year=1998 | isbn = 0-7146-4431-5}}
* {{cite book | author=Richmond, Oliver and James Ker-Lindsay (eds.)| title=The Work of the UN in Cyprus: Promoting Peace and Development | url=https://archive.org/details/workofunincyprus0000unse| publisher=Palgrave Macmillan | year=2001 | isbn = 0-333-91271-3}}
* {{cite book | author=Tocci, Nathalie| title=EU Accession Dynamics and Conflict Resolution: Catalysing Peace or Consolidating Partition in Cyprus? | url=https://archive.org/details/euaccessiondynam0000tocc| publisher=Ashgate | year=2004 | isbn = 0-7546-4310-7}}
{{refend}}
 
Baris 56 ⟶ 58:
{{commons category|Cyprus dispute|<br/>Cyprus Dispute}}
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1021835.stm Timeline – Cyprus (BBC)]
* [http://www.un.int/cyprus/resolut.htm UN resolutions list on the Cyprus issue] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070605191416/http://www.un.int/cyprus/resolut.htm |date=2007-06-05 }}
* [http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G04/138/11/PDF/G0413811.pdf?OpenElement Recent U.N. document: The question of human rights in Cyprus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060109194918/http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G04/138/11/PDF/G0413811.pdf?OpenElement |date=2006-01-09 }}
* [http://www.moi.gov.cy/moi/pio/pio.nsf/a_problem_en/a_problem_en?OpenDocument Aspects of the Cyprus Problem from The Republic of Cyprus Press and Information Office] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520042546/http://www.moi.gov.cy/moi/pio/pio.nsf/a_problem_en/a_problem_en?OpenDocument |date=2019-05-20 }}
* [http://www.kibris.gen.tr?OpenDocument A detailed Cyprus Problem site from The TFSC and Turkey]
* [http://aegeantimes.net/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=1043 Kissinger’s Secret Phone Calls Concerning Cyprus English translation of Eleftherotypia article] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605031517/http://aegeantimes.net/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=1043 |date=2011-06-05 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101210081344/http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/turkish_cypriot_community/index_en.htm EU task-force on the Turkish Cypriot community]
* [http://www.turkishweekly.net/editorial.php?id=31 Cyprus and Turkey’s EU Process] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214333/http://www.turkishweekly.net/editorial.php?id=31 |date=2016-03-03 }} A Summary of the Problem from Turkish Perspective
* [http://www.lobbyforcyprus.org Lobby for Cyprus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227213702/http://www.lobbyforcyprus.org/ |date=2019-12-27 }}
* [http://www.cyprus1974.org The Displaced Greek Communities of Cyprus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725214347/http://www.cyprus1974.org/ |date=2011-07-25 }}
* [http://uk.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUKL0872598520070308?pageNumber=2 Greek Cypriots begin removing Nicosia barrier]
* [http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/greek-cypriots-tear-down-nicosias-dividing-wall/2007/03/09/1173166948015.html Greek Cypriots tear down Nicosia's dividing wall]
'''Documentaries'''
* [http://echoesacrossthedivide.googlepages.com Echoes Across the Divide] (2008) is an Australian documentary film about an attempt to bridge the [[Green Line (Cyprus)|Green Line]] with a bicommunal music project performed from the rooftops of Old [[Nicosia]].
 
 
[[Kategori:Sejarah Siprus]]
Diperoleh dari "https://wiki-indonesia.club/wiki/Sengketa_Siprus"