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Baris 54: '''Ray Milton Dolby''', [[Order of the British Empire\|OBE]] (18 Januari 1933 – 12 September 2013) adalah [[insinyur]] dan penemu sistem peredam [[ribut (elektronik)\|ribut]] yang dikenal sebagai [[Dolby noise-reduction system\|Dolby NR]] asal [[Amerika Serikat]]. Ia juga ikut menemukan [[perekam pita video\|perekaman pita video]] saat bekerja di [[Ampex]]. Ia adalah pendiri [[Dolby Laboratories]]. Dolby juga merupakan seorang miliarder dan anggota [[Forbes 400]] dengan perkiraan kekayaan bersih US$2,9 miliar pada tahun 2008.<ref>{{cite news\|title= The 400 Richest Americans: #144 Ray Dolby\|date=September 17, 2008\|url=http://www.forbes.com/lists/2008/54/400list08_Ray-Dolby_KQ30.html\|work=Forbes\|accessdate= June 16, 2013 }}</ref> Per September 2012, kekayaannya diperkirakan menurun menjadi $2,4 miliar.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.forbes.com/profile/ray-dolby/ \|title=Ray Dolby \|publisher=Forbes \|date=2012-04-18 \|accessdate=2013-09-15}}</ref> == Kehidupan awal == Dolby lahir di [[Portland, Oregon]]. Ia dibesarkan di [[San Francisco]] dan mengenyam pendidikan di [[Sequoia High School (Redwood City, California)\|Sequoia High School]] (angkatan 1951) di [[Redwood City, California]]. Pada masa-masa pasca-Perang Dunia II, Dolby yang masih muda bekerja paruh waktu pada [[musim panas]] di [[Ampex]] di Redwood City. Ia ambil peran dalam proyek perekam pita [[perekaman dan reproduksi suara\|suara]] Ampex pada tahun 1949. Saat berkuliah di [[San Jose State University\|San Jose State College]] dan [[Stanford University]] (tertunda dua tahun karena dinas di [[Angkatan Darat Amerika Serikat]]),<ref name="racetovideo"/> ia mengerjakan [[purwarupa]] (prototip) teknologi [[perekam pita video]] untuk [[Alexander M. Poniatoff]] dan [[Charlie Ginsburg]]. Sebagai "konsultan" tanpa gelar,<ref name="racetovideo"/> Dolby memainkan peran penting dalam proyek purwarupa perekam pita video [[pita video Quadruplex\|Quadruplex]] yang diperkenalkan Ampex pada tahun April 1956 dan langsung diproduksi massal.<ref name="racetovideo">Wolpin, Stewart. "[http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/1994/2/1994_2_52.shtml The Race to Video] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110404045940/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/1994/2/1994_2_52.shtml \|date=2011-04-04 }}". ''Invention & Technology'', Fall 1994.</ref> Pada tahun 1957, Dolby mendapatkan gelar [[Bachelor of Science\|B.S.]] dalam bidang [[teknik elektro]] dari Stanford. Ia juga mendapatkan beasiswa [[Marshall Scholarship]] untuk gelar Ph.D. (1961) dalam bidang [[fisika]] dari [[University of Cambridge]]. Dolby menjadi Research Fellow di [[Pembroke College, Cambridge]]. == Karier == Setelah Cambridge, Dolby menjadi penasihat teknis untuk [[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa]] di India. Tahun 1965, ia pulang ke Inggris dan mendirikan [[Dolby Laboratories]] di London bersama empat orang stafnya. Pada tahun itu pula ia secara resmi menemukan Dolby Sound System, sejenis penyaring (''filter'') elektronik. Paten pertamanya di Amerika Serikat baru diajukan tahun 1969. Penyaring ini pertama kali digunakna oleh [[Decca Records]] di Britania Raya.<ref name="independent">{{cite news\|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/ray-dolby-obituary-inventor-whose-noisereduction-technology-transformed-sound-reproduction-8815543.html\|title=Ray Dolby obituary: Inventor whose noise-reduction technology transformed sound reproduction\|last=Williamson\|first=Marcus\|date=13 September 2013\|work=The Independent\|accessdate=14 September 2013}}</ref> Dolby pernah menjadi [[Fellow (perkumpulan)\|Fellow]] dan presiden [[Audio Engineering Society]]. == Kehidupan pribadi == Dolby meninggal dunia karena [[leukemia]] pada tanggal 12 September 2013 di rumahnya di San Francisco pada usia 80 tahun.<ref>{{cite web \|title = Founder and Director Emeritus of Dolby Laboratories Dies at Age 80\|publisher = [[Dolby Laboratories]] \|date = September 12, 2013\|url = http://investor.dolby.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=790493\|access-date = 2013-09-17\|archive-date = 2013-09-15\|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130915023953/http://investor.dolby.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=790493\|dead-url = yes}}</ref> Dolby meninggalkan istrinya Dagmar, dua putra, [[Tom Dolby\|Tom]] dan David, dan empat cucu.<ref name=indy>{{cite news\|title=A minute's silence: audio pioneer Ray Dolby dies aged 80\|url = http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/a-minutes-silence-audio-pioneer-ray-dolby-dies-aged-80-8814025.html\|work = [[The Independent]]\|accessdate = September 13, 2013\|date = September 12, 2013\|first = James\|last = Vincent}}</ref> Kevin Yeaman, presiden dan CEO Dolby Laboratories, mengatakan bahwa, "Hari ini kita kehilangan seorang teman, guru, dan visioner sejati".<ref name=indy/> [[Neil Portnow]], presiden [[National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences]], mengatakan Dolby telah "mengubah cara kita mendengarkan musik dan film selama hampir 50 tahun" dan "teknologinya [Dolby] telah menjadi bagian penting dari proses kreatif para penyanyi dan pembuat film, sehingga temuannya yang begitu berharga bisa dinikmati generasi mendatang."<ref>{{cite web \|url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-24075429 \|title = Audio pioneer Ray Dolby dies aged 80 \|publisher = BBC News \|accessdate = September 13, 2013 \|date = September 13, 2013}}</ref> == Penghargaan == * 1971 ~~—~~— [[Audio Engineering Society\|AES]] Silver Medal<ref name="aes">{{cite web\|author= \|url=http://www.aes.org/info/awards.cfm \|title=AES Awards \|publisher=Aes.org \|date= \|accessdate=2013-09-15}}</ref> * 1979 ~~—~~— [[51st Academy Awards]] ~~—~~— [[Academy Award, Scientific or Technical]] (Scientific and Engineering Award) [plaque]<ref name="Academy_Awards">{{cite web\|url=http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/BasicSearch?action=searchLink&displayType=6&BSNomineeID=63828 \|title=Academy Awards Database Academy \| Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences \|publisher=Awardsdatabase.oscars.org \|date= \|accessdate=2013-09-15}}</ref> * 1983 ~~—~~— [[SMPTE]] Progress Medal<ref>{{cite web \|accessdate=2013-09-16 \|url=http://www.smpte.org/about/awards_program/progress_winners \|title=SMPTE Progress Medal Past Recipients \|publisher=[[Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers]] \|archivedate=2011-07-19 \|archiveurl=~~http~~https://web.archive.org/web/20110719175425/http://www.smpte.org/about/awards_program/progress_winners~~}}</ref>~~ \|dead-url=yes 1985 — [[SMPTE]] [[Alexander M. Poniatoff]] Gold Medal▼ }}</ref> 1986 — Penerima Kehormatan [[Most Excellent Order of the British Empire]] (OBE)▼ ▲* 1985 ~~—~~— [[SMPTE]] [[Alexander M. Poniatoff]] Gold Medal 1988 — [[Eduard Rhein Ring of Honor]] dari [[Eduard Rhein Foundation]]<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.eduard-rhein-stiftung.de/html/Ehrenring_e.html \|title=The Eduard Rhein Ring of Honor Recipients \|publisher=[[Eduard Rhein Foundation]] \|accessdate={{Start date\|2011\|2\|5}}}}</ref>▼ ▲ 1986 ~~—~~— Penerima Kehormatan [[Most Excellent Order of the British Empire]] (OBE) 1989 — [[61st Academy Awards]] — [[Academy Award, Scientific or Technical]] (Academy Award of Merit)<ref name="Academy_Awards" /> ▲ 1988 ~~—~~— [[Eduard Rhein Ring of Honor]] dari [[Eduard Rhein Foundation]]<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.eduard-rhein-stiftung.de/html/Ehrenring_e.html \|title=The Eduard Rhein Ring of Honor Recipients \|publisher=[[Eduard Rhein Foundation]] \|accessdate={{Start date\|2011\|2\|5}} \|archive-date=2011-07-18 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718234106/http://www.eduard-rhein-stiftung.de/html/Ehrenring_e.html \|dead-url=yes }}</ref> 1989 — [[Emmy Award]] dari [[National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences]] (NATAS)▼ ~~1992~~ 1989 — [[61st Academy Awards]]&~~mdash~~nbsp;— [[~~Audio~~Academy ~~Engineering~~Award, ~~Society\|AES~~Scientific or Technical]] ~~Gold~~(Academy ~~Medal~~Award of Merit)<ref name="~~aes~~Academy_Awards" /> ▲* 1989 ~~—~~— [[Emmy Award]] dari [[National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences]] (NATAS) 1995 — Special Merit/[[Technical Grammy Award]] <ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.grammy.org/recording-academy/producers-and-engineers/awards \|title=Technical GRAMMY Award \|publisher=GRAMMY.org \|date= \|accessdate=2013-09-15}}</ref>▼ 1992 — [[Audio Engineering Society\|AES]] Gold Medal<ref name="aes"/> 1997 — U.S. [[National Medal of Technology]] ~~1997~~ 1995 ~~—~~— Special Merit/[[~~IEEE~~Technical ~~Masaru Ibuka Consumer Electronics~~Grammy Award]] <ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.~~ieee~~grammy.org/~~portal~~recording-academy/~~pages/about~~producers-and-engineers/awards~~/pr/ibukapr.html~~ \|title=~~Medals,~~ Technical ~~Field~~GRAMMY ~~Awards, and Recognitions~~Award \|publisher=~~IEEE~~GRAMMY.org \|date= \|accessdate=2013-09-15 \|archive-date=2011-01-12 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110112204821/http://www.grammy.org/recording-academy/producers-and-engineers/awards \|dead-url=yes }}</ref> ~~1999~~ 1997 ~~—~~— ~~Gelar doktor kehormatan dari~~U.S. [[~~University~~National Medal of ~~York~~Technology]] ▲~~1995~~ 1997 ~~— Special~~— ~~Merit/~~[[~~Technical~~IEEE Masaru Ibuka Consumer ~~Grammy~~Electronics Award]] <ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.~~grammy~~ieee.org/~~recording-academy~~portal/~~producers-and-engineers~~pages/about/awards/pr/ibukapr.html \|title=Medals, Technical ~~GRAMMY~~Field ~~Award~~Awards, and Recognitions \|publisher=~~GRAMMY.org~~IEEE \|date= \|accessdate=2013-09-15}}</ref> 2000 — Gelar doktor kehormatan dalam bidang sains dari [[Cambridge University]]▼ 1999 — Gelar doktor kehormatan dari [[University of York]] 2003 — [[Charles Francis Jenkins\|Charles F. Jenkins]] Lifetime Achievement Award dari [[Academy of Television Arts & Sciences]] <ref>{{cite web\|url=http://216.92.188.169/primetime/2003/awards/2003lifetime.php\|title= Ray Dolby Receives Charles F. Jenkins Lifetime Achievement Award\|publisher=216.92.188.169\|accessdate=2013-09-16}}</ref>▼ ▲ 2000 ~~—~~ — Gelar doktor kehormatan dalam bidang sains dari [[Cambridge University]] 2004 — Namanya disematkan di [[National Inventors Hall of Fame]] dan [[Consumer Electronics Hall of Fame]]▼ ▲ 2003 ~~—~~— [[Charles Francis Jenkins\|Charles F. Jenkins]] Lifetime Achievement Award dari [[Academy of Television Arts & Sciences]] <ref>{{cite web\|url=http://216.92.188.169/primetime/2003/awards/2003lifetime.php\|title= Ray Dolby Receives Charles F. Jenkins Lifetime Achievement Award\|publisher=216.92.188.169\|accessdate=2013-09-16\|archive-date=2003-09-02\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030902143731/http://216.92.188.169/primetime/2003/awards/2003lifetime.php\|dead-url=yes}}</ref> 2010 — [[IEEE Edison Medal]]▼ ▲ 2004 ~~—~~— Namanya disematkan di [[National Inventors Hall of Fame]] dan [[Consumer Electronics Hall of Fame]] 2014 — Bintang di [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]]<ref>{{cite web\|author= \|url=http://www.ontheredcarpet.com/Tupac-Shakur--Phil-Hartman-to-receive-Walk-of-Fame-stars---see-list/9146432 \|title=Tupac Shakur, Phil Hartman to receive Walk of Fame stars - see list - 06/20/2013 \| Entertainment News from \|publisher=OnTheRedCarpet.com \|date=2013-06-20 \|accessdate=2013-09-15}}</ref>▼ ▲ 2010 ~~—~~— [[IEEE Edison Medal]] ▲* 2014 ~~—~~— Bintang di [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]]<ref>{{cite web\|author= \|url=http://www.ontheredcarpet.com/Tupac-Shakur--Phil-Hartman-to-receive-Walk-of-Fame-stars---see-list/9146432 \|title=Tupac Shakur, Phil Hartman to receive Walk of Fame stars - see list - 06/20/2013 \| Entertainment News from \|publisher=OnTheRedCarpet.com \|date=2013-06-20 \|accessdate=2013-09-15}}</ref> == Paten == * {{US patent\|3,631,365}}, Pengompres sinyal, diajukan 1969. == Referensi == Baris 102 ⟶ 106: == Pranala luar == {{Commons category}} * {{IMDB name\|nm2591246}} * [http://www.dolby.com/about/who_we_are/dolby_bio.html Ray Dolby bio] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327112819/http://www.dolby.com/about/who_we_are/dolby_bio.html \|date=2009-03-27 }} * [http://aes.org/technical/112Heyser.cfm Dolby, R. (2002-05-11). Some Musings on Progress in Audio. Heyser lecture at [[Audio Engineering Society]]] * [http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2004/03/29/BUG8F5S0TN1.DTL&type=business 2004 Interview With Dolby] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015014837/http://www.aes.org/technical/112Heyser.cfm \|date=2008-10-15 }} * [http://www.labguysworld.com/VTR-People.htm Group photo of the Ampex VTR team including Ray Dolby] {{IEEE Edison Medal Laureates 2001-2025}} {{Authority control}} ~~{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->~~ ~~\|NAME = Dolby, Ray Milton~~ ~~\|ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Ray Dolby~~ ~~\|SHORT DESCRIPTION = Teknisi listrik Amerika Serikat~~ ~~\|DATE OF BIRTH = 1933-01-18~~ ~~\|PLACE OF BIRTH = Portland, Oregon, Amerika Serikat~~ ~~\|DATE OF DEATH = 2013-09-12~~ ~~\|PLACE OF DEATH = San Francisco, California, Amerika Serikat~~ }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dolby, Ray}} [[Kategori:Kelahiran 1933]] Baris 125 ⟶ 122: [[Kategori:Miliarder Amerika Serikat]] [[Kategori:Teknisi elektronik Amerika Serikat]] [[Kategori:~~Penemu~~Pereka cipta Amerika Serikat]] [[Kategori:Kematian akibat leukemia]] [[Kategori:Dolby Laboratories]]