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Baris 5: \|birth_name = Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler \|birth_date = {{Birth date\|1914\|11\|09\|df=y}} \|birth_place = [[Vienna]], [[Austria-~~Hongaria~~Hungaria]] \|death_date = {{Death date and age\|2000\|01\|19\|1914\|11\|09\|df=y}} \|death_place = [[Casselberry, Florida]], [[Amerika Serikat\|A.S.]] Baris 12: \|spouse = [[Friedrich Mandl\|Fritz Mandl]] <br><small>(m.1933–1937; bercerai)</small> <br>[[Gene Markey]] <br><small>(m.1939–1941; bercerai)</small> <br>[[John Loder (aktor)\|John Loder]] <br><small>(m.1943–1947; bercerai)</small> <br>[[Teddy Stauffer]] <br><small>(m.1951–1952; bercerai)</small> <br>W. Howard Lee <br><small>(m.1953–1960; bercerai)</small> <br>Lewis J. Boies <br><small>(m.1963–1965; bercerai)</small> }} '''Hedy Lamarr''' ({{IPAc-en\|~~icon\|ˈ~~'\|h\|ɛeɪ\|d\|i}}; 9 November 1914 – 19 Januari 2000), lahir sebagai '''Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler''', adalah seorang aktris, produser film, penemu, dan matematikawan [[~~Austria]]-~~Amerika ~~yang terkenal karena~~Serikat]] ~~kecantikannya dan menjadi~~kelahiran [[~~sistem~~Austria]]. ~~bintang~~Ia ~~(pembuatan~~dikenal sebagai ~~film)\|~~bintang ~~kontrak]]~~ besar pada [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer#Zaman keemasan MGM\|"Zaman Keemasan"]] [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer\|MGM]].<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.edition-filmmuseum.com/product_info.php/language/en/info/p74_Hedy-Lamarr--Secrets-of-a-Hollywood-Star.html \|title=Salinan arsip \|access-date=2013-01-05 \|archive-date=2012-07-22 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722222713/http://www.edition-filmmuseum.com/product_info.php/language/en/info/p74_Hedy-Lamarr--Secrets-of-a-Hollywood-Star.html \|dead-url=no }}</ref> ~~[[Max~~Ia ~~Reinhardt]],~~menjadi ~~rekan~~bagian ~~kerjanya~~dalam di30 ~~[[Berlin]],~~film ~~menyebut~~pada ~~Lamarr~~masa ~~"wanita~~kariernya ~~tercantik~~yang diberlangsung ~~[[Eropa]]"~~sepanjang ~~karena~~28 ~~"tampilannya~~tahun. ~~yang~~Selain ~~sangat~~itu, ~~eksotis~~ia ~~dan~~juga ~~gelap,"~~menjadi ~~sebuah~~salah ~~sentimen~~satu ~~yang~~penemu ~~kemudian~~dari ~~terus~~spektrum ~~disebut-sebut~~sebar ~~oleh~~pindah ~~para~~frekuensi ~~penonton~~atau ~~dan~~''frequency-hopping ~~pengkritiknya~~spread spectrum''.<ref name=~~NYTimes~~":2">{{~~cite~~Cite ~~news~~web\|~~http~~url=https://www.~~nytimes~~smithsonianmag.com/~~2010/12~~smithsonian-institution/~~12/books/review/Haskell~~thank-~~t.html?pagewanted=all~~world-war-ii-era-film-star-your-wi-fi-180971584/\|title=~~European~~Thank ~~Exotic~~This World War II-Era Film Star for Your Wi-Fi\|~~publisher~~last=~~''[[New York~~George\|first=Alice\|website=Smithsonian ~~Times]]''~~Magazine\|language=en\|access-date=~~December 10, 2010~~2020-03-13\|~~accessdate~~archive-date=~~2012~~2023-07-~~26}}</ref><ref>http~~29\|archive-url=https://~~www~~web.~~tcm~~archive.~~com~~org/~~tcmdb~~web/~~person~~20230729204721/~~107525\|68054/Hedy-Lamarr/</ref><ref>http~~https://~~classicmoviechat~~www.smithsonianmag.com/~~?tag=max~~smithsonian-~~reinhardt~~institution/thank-world-war-ii-era-film-star-your-wi-fi-180971584/\|dead-url=no}}</ref> IaSetelah ~~mulai~~ia ~~terkenal~~meninggal, ~~setelah~~namanya ~~membintangi~~masuk ~~''[[Ecstasy~~ke ~~(film)\|Ecstasy]]''~~dalam ~~karya~~daftar ~~[[Gustav~~penemu ~~Machatý]], sebuah film~~berpengaruh yang ~~menampilkan~~dianugerahi ~~cuplikan~~oleh ~~tokoh~~''National ~~yang~~Inventors ~~diperankannya~~Hall ~~saat~~of ~~melakukan~~Fame''.<ref>{{Cite ~~[[orgasme]] di salah satu adegan dan telanjang bulat di adegan lain~~web\|url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/gossip/2011/11/hedy-lamarr-inventor-hedy-lamarr-sex-symbol.html\|title=Hedy ~~Kedua~~Lamarr: ~~adegan~~Inventor ~~tersebut~~of ~~tidak~~more ~~lazim~~than ~~pada~~the ~~masa~~1st ~~[[masyarakat~~theatrical-film ~~konservatif~~orgasm\|~~pemikiran~~date=2011-11-28\|website=LA ~~konservatif]]~~Times ~~yang~~Blogs ~~merupakan~~- ~~masa~~Ministry ~~puncak~~of ~~kariernya~~Gossip\|language=en-US\|access-date=2020-03-08\|archive-date=2013-01-17\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117071932/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/gossip/2011/11/hedy-lamarr-inventor-hedy-lamarr-sex-symbol.html\|dead-url=no}}</ref> Ia mulai terkenal setelah membintangi ''[[Ecstasy (film)\|Ecstasy]]'' karya [[Gustav Machatý]], sebuah film yang menampilkan cuplikan tokoh yang diperankannya saat melakukan [[orgasme]] di salah satu adegan dan telanjang bulat di adegan lain. Kedua adegan tersebut tidak lazim pada masa [[masyarakat konservatif\|pemikiran konservatif]] yang merupakan masa puncak kariernya. Berbakat di bidang matematika, Lamarr bersama komponis [[George Antheil]] menemukan sebuah teknik komunikasi [[spektrum sebar]] dan [[perpindahan frekuensi]] pertama yang diperlukan untuk melakukan komunikasi [[nirkabel]] sejak zaman pra-komputer sampai sekarang.<ref name=LaTimes>{{cite news\|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/gossip/2011/11/hedy-lamarr-inventor-hedy-lamarr-sex-symbol.html\|title=Hedy Lamarr: Inventor of more than the 1st theatrical-film orgasm\|publisher=''[[LA Times]]''\|date=November 28, 2010\|accessdate=2012-07-26}}</ref><ref name="EFF1997">{{cite press release\|title =Movie Legend Hedy Lamarr to be Given Special Award at EFF's Sixth Annual Pioneer Awards\|publisher =Electronic Frontier Foundation\|date =11 March 1997\|url =http://www.eff.org/awards/pioneer/1997.php\|accessdate = 4 July 2007\|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080518225429/http://w2.eff.org/awards/pioneer/1997.php\|archivedate = May 18, 2008}}</ref>▼ ▲Berbakat di bidang matematika, Lamarr bersama komponis [[George Antheil]] menemukan sebuah teknik komunikasi [[spektrum sebar]] dan [[perpindahan frekuensi]] pertama yang diperlukan untuk melakukan komunikasi [[nirkabel]] sejak zaman pra-komputer sampai sekarang.<ref name=LaTimes>{{cite news\|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/gossip/2011/11/hedy-lamarr-inventor-hedy-lamarr-sex-symbol.html\|title=Hedy Lamarr: Inventor of more than the 1st theatrical-film orgasm\|publisher=''[[LA Times]]''\|date=November 28, 2010\|accessdate=2012-07-26\|archive-date=2013-01-17\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117071932/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/gossip/2011/11/hedy-lamarr-inventor-hedy-lamarr-sex-symbol.html\|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="EFF1997">{{cite press release\|title =Movie Legend Hedy Lamarr to be Given Special Award at EFF's Sixth Annual Pioneer Awards\|publisher =Electronic Frontier Foundation\|date =11 March 1997\|url =http://www.eff.org/awards/pioneer/1997.php\|accessdate = 4 July 2007\|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080518225429/http://w2.eff.org/awards/pioneer/1997.php\|archivedate = May 18, 2008}} {{Cite web \|url=http://www.eff.org/awards/pioneer/1997.php \|title=Salinan arsip \|access-date=2013-01-05 \|archive-date=2012-07-30 \|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120730020619/www.eff.org/awards/pioneer/1997.php \|dead-url=yes }}</ref> ==Penemuan spektrum sebar pindah frekuensi==▼ == Kehidupan awal == Lamarr dilahirkan pada tahun [[1914]] dengan nama Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler di [[Wina]], [[Austria-Hungaria]], sebagai anak satu-satunya dari Gertrud "Trude" Kiesler (nama gadis Lichtwitz; [[1894]]–[[1977]]) dan Emil Kiesler ([[1880]]–[[1935]]). Ayahnya lahir di [[Lemberg]], [[Kekaisaran Austria]] (kini dikenal sebagai [[Lviv]], [[Ukraina]]) dari keluarga [[Yahudi]] yang berasal dari [[Galisia (Eropa Tengah)\|Galisia]]. Ia merupakan seorang manajer bank yang sukses.<ref name="shearer">{{cite book\|last=Shearer\|first=Stephen Michael\|title=Beautiful: The Life of Hedy Lamarr\|url=https://archive.org/details/beautifullifeofh0000shea\|publisher=Thomas Dunne Books\|year=2010\|isbn=978-0-312-55098-1\|ref=Shearer}}</ref> Sementara itu, ibu Lamarr, Trude, merupakan seorang pianis. Trude lahir di [[Budapest]] dan berasal dari keluarga kelas atas Yahudi asal [[Hungaria]]. Trude kemudian pindah agama menjadi [[Katolik\|Katholik]] dan membesarkan anaknya, Heidi, juga sebagai seorang Katholik, namun Heidi tidak secara formal dibaptis saat itu.<ref name="shearer"/>{{rp\|8}} Sejak kecil, Lamarr sudah menunjukkan ketertarikan kepada dunia peran dan sangat terpesona dengan teater dan film. Ketika ia berumur 12 tahun, ia memenangkan kontes kecantikan di Wina.{{sfn\|Barton\|2010\|pp=12–13}} Lamarr membantu ibunya keluar dari Austria ke Amerika Serikat setelah [[Anschluss\|aneksasi Austria oleh Nazi Jerman]]. Ibunya pun kemudian mendapatkan kewarganegaaran Amerika Serikat. Dalam petisi untuk naturalisasi yang ia isi, ia mengisi "Ibrani" sebagai rasnya, sebuah istilah yang sering digunakan di Eropa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news\|url=http://o.usasciencefestival.org/schoolprograms/role-models-in-science-engineering/item/2659-lamarr-hedy.html\|title=USA Science Festival\|work=Role Models in Science & Engineering Achievement\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204170424/http://o.usasciencefestival.org/schoolprograms/role-models-in-science-engineering/item/2659-lamarr-hedy.html\|archive-date=February 4, 2017\|url-status=dead\|access-date=February 3, 2017}}</ref> ▲== Penemuan spektrum sebar pindah frekuensi == <div id="Frequency-Hopping Spread-Spectrum Invention"></div> Komponis [[avant garde]] [[George Antheil]], putra imigran Jerman sekaligus tetangga Lamarr, telah bereksperimen dengan pengendalian instumen musik secara otomatis, termasuk musiknya untuk ''[[Ballet Mécanique]]'', yang awalnya ditulis untuk film abstrak karya [[Fernand Léger]] tahun 1924. Musik otomatis karyanya berupa beberapa [[pianola]] yang dimainkan secara bersamaan. Lamarr memperkenalkan idenya ke Antheil dan bersama-sama mengirimkan ide ''sistem komunikasi rahasia'' tersebut pada bulan Juni 1941. Tanggal 11 Agustus 1942, [http://www.google.com/patents?vid=USPAT2292387 US Patent 2,292,387] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808145156/http://www.google.com/patents?vid=USPAT2292387 \|date=2013-08-08 }} diberikan kepada Antheil dan "Hedy Kiesler Markey," nama nikah Lamarr pada waktu itu. Versi awal [[pindah frekuensi]] ini adalah pemanfaatan [[rol piano]] untuk berpindah-pindah di 88 frekuensi dan bertujuan agar [[torpedo]] yang dipandu radio sulit terdeteksi musuh. Meski mereka mempresentasikan teknik ini di hadapan Angkatan Laut A.S., ide ini ditolak dan tidak diadopsi.<ref>Tony Long, [http://www.wired.com/thisdayintech/2011/08/0811hedy-lamar-george-antheil-torpedo-patent This Day in Tech: Aug. 11, 1942: Actress + Piano Player = New Torpedo] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303195928/http://www.wired.com/thisdayintech/2011/08/0811hedy-lamar-george-antheil-torpedo-patent/ \|date=2014-03-03 }}, ''Wired'', August 11, 2011; accessed 2011.10.17.</ref> Ide ini baru diterapkan di Amerika Serikat pada tahun 1962 oleh kapal-kapal militer A.S. saat memblokir Kuba setelah patennya kedaluwarsa. Karena mungkin pengembangannya terhambat, paten ini baru diketahui publik pada tahun 1997 ketika [[Electronic Frontier Foundation]] memberi penghargaan kepada Lamarr atas kontribusinya.<ref name="EFF1997" /> Dilaporkan bahwa pada tahun 1998, pengembang teknologi nirkabel asal Ottawa, Wi-LAN, Inc. "membeli 49 persen klaim paten ini dari Lamarr dengan nilai saham yang tidak disebutkan" (Eliza Schmidkunz, ''Inside GNSS''),<ref>Player Pianos, Sex Appeal, and Patent #2,292,387, Inside GNSS September 2006 http://www.insidegnss.com/node/303 {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827181419/http://www.insidegnss.com/node/303 \|date=2016-08-27 }}</ref> padahal paten yang kedaluwarsa seharusnya dianggap tidak bernilai. Antheil meninggal dunia tahun 1959. Ide pindah frekuensi Lamarr dan Antheil menjadi dasar [[spektrum sebar\|teknologi komunikasi spektrum sebar]] masa kini, seperti [[Bluetooth]], [[COFDM]] yang dipakai oleh koneksi jaringan [[Wi-Fi]], dan [[CDMA]] pada telepon nirkabel.<ref>[{{Cite web \|url=http://people.deas.harvard.edu/~jones/cscie129/nu_lectures/lecture7/hedy/lemarr.htm \|title=MicroTimes: The Birth Of Spread Spectrum] \|access-date=2013-01-05 \|archive-date=2007-07-11 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070711173529/http://people.deas.harvard.edu/~jones/cscie129/nu_lectures/lecture7/hedy/lemarr.htm \|dead-url=yes }}</ref> Paten ''Secrecy Communication System'' oleh Blackwell, Martin, dan Vernam tahun 1920 ([http://www.google.com/patents?id=NIpJAAAAEBAJ&printsec=abstract&zoom=4&source=gbs_overview_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=&f=false 1598673]) tampaknya menjadi dasar komunikasi untuk paten Kiesler dan Antheil, yang memanfaatkan teknik ini untuk mengendalikan torpedo. Lamarr ingin bergabung dengan [[National Inventors Council]], namun anggota NIC [[Charles F. Kettering]] dan rekan-rekannya meminta agar ia membantu upaya perang saja dengan memanfaatkan status selebritinya untuk menjual [[Obligasi Perang]]. == Filmografi == {{col-begin}} {{col-break}} * ''Das Geld liegt auf der Straße'' (''Money on the Street'', [[1930 in film\|1930]]) * ''Die Frau von Lindenau'' (''The Woman of Lindenau'', [[1931 in film\|1931]]) * ''Die Abenteuer des Herrn O. F.'' (''The Adventures of Mr. O. F.'', 1931) * ''Man braucht kein Geld'' (''We Need No Money'', [[1932 in film\|1932]]) * ''Ekstase / Symphonie der Liebe'' (''[[Ecstasy (film)\|Ecstasy]]'', [[1933 in film\|1933]]) * ''[[Algiers (film)\|Algiers]]'' ([[1938 in film\|1938]]) * ''Hollywood Goes to Town'' (1938) * ''Screen Snapshots: Stars at a Charity Ball'' ([[1939 in film\|1939]]) * ''[[Lady of the Tropics]]'' (1939) * ''[[I Take This Woman (film 1940)\|I Take This Woman]]'' ([[1940 in film\|1940]]) * ''[[Boom Town (film)\|Boom Town]]'' (1940) * ''[[Comrade X]]'' (1940) * ''[[Come Live with Me\|Come Live With Me]]'' ([[1941 in film\|1941]]) * ''[[Ziegfeld Girl (film)\|Ziegfeld Girl]]'' (1941) * ''[[H.M. Pulham, Esq. (film)\|H.M. Pulham, Esq.]]'' (1941) * ''[[Tortilla Flat (film)\|Tortilla Flat]]'' ([[1942 in film\|1942]]) * ''[[Crossroads (film 1942)\|Crossroads]]'' (1942) * ''[[White Cargo]]'' (1942) {{col-break}} * ''[[Show Business at War]]'' ([[1943 in film\|1943]]) * ''[[The Heavenly Body]]'' ([[1944 in film\|1944]]) * ''[[The Conspirators]]'' (1944) * ''[[Experiment Perilous]]'' (1944) * ''[[Her Highness and the Bellboy]]'' ([[1945 in film\|1945]]) * ''[[The Strange Woman]]'' ([[1946 in film\|1946]]) * ''[[Dishonored Lady]]'' ([[1947 in film\|1947]]) * ''[[Let's Live a Little]]'' ([[1948 in film\|1948]]) * ''[[Samson and Delilah (film 1949)\|Samson and Delilah]]'' ([[1949 in film\|1949]]) * ''[[A Lady Without Passport]]'' ([[1950 in film\|1950]]) * ''[[Copper Canyon (film)\|Copper Canyon]]'' (1950) * ''[[My Favorite Spy]]'' ([[1951 in film\|1951]]) * ''[[The Eternal Female]]'' ([[1954 in film\|1954]]) (tidak selesai) * ''[[Loves of Three Queens]]'' (1954) * ''[[The Story of Mankind (film)\|The Story of Mankind]]'' ([[1957 in film\|1957]]) * ''[[The Female Animal]]'' ([[1958 in film\|1958]]) * ''[[Instant Karma (film)\|Instant Karma]]'' (1990) [archive footage]<ref>{{IMDb title\|0099849\|Instant Karma}}</ref> {{col-end}} == Daftar pustaka == * Barton, Ruth. ''Hedy Lamarr: The Most Beautiful Woman in Film''. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-8131-2604-3. * [[Richard Rhodes\|Rhodes, Richard]]. ''Hedy's Folly: The Life and Breakthrough Inventions of Hedy Lamarr, the Most Beautiful Woman in the World''. Doubleday, 2011. ISBN 0-385-53438-8. == Lihat pula == * [[Daftar tokoh Austria]] [[Inventor's Day]] == Catatan kaki == {{Reflist}} Baris 85 ⟶ 93: Hedy Lamarr, ''Ecstasy and Me'' * "Hedy Lamarr", Half-Life2.net(December 13, 2004)[http://www.halflife2.net/wiki/index.php/Hedy_Lamarr] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100908095339/http://www.halflife2.net/wiki/index.php/Hedy_Lamarr \|date=2010-09-08 }} Retrieved on 2008-12-21 * [[Robert A. Scholtz]], "The Origins of Spread-Spectrum Communications," IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 30, No. 5, May 1982, p. 822. * [[Robert Price (engineer)\|Robert Price]], "Further Notes and Anecdotes on Spread-Spectrum Origins," IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 31, No. 1, January 1983, p. 85. * {{cite web \|author=Ivanis, Dan \|title=The stars come out – Recruiting ad featuring Hedy Lamarr creates 'buzz't \|url=http://www.boeing.com/news/frontiers/archive/2003/november/i_nan.html \|date=November 2003 \|work=Boeing Frontiers Online \|publisher=The Boeing Company \|accessdate=2009-04-20 \|archive-date=2012-10-29 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029193937/http://www.boeing.com/news/frontiers/archive/2003/november/i_nan.html \|dead-url=no }} ~~\|url=http://www.boeing.com/news/frontiers/archive/2003/november/i_nan.html \|date=November 2003 \|work=Boeing Frontiers Online \|publisher=The Boeing Company \|accessdate=2009-04-20 }}~~ {{Refend}} Baris 95 ⟶ 102: {{Commons}} {{wikiquote}} * [http://www.hedylamarr.com/ Hedy Lamarr Site] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100723064928/http://www.hedylamarr.com/ \|date=2010-07-23 }} * [http://www.hedylamarr.org Hedy Lamarr foundation] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113083558/http://www.hedylamarr.org/ \|date=2015-11-13 }} * [http://hedy-lamarr.org Hedy Lamarr fansite] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430214200/http://hedy-lamarr.org/ \|date=2019-04-30 }} * {{IMDb name\|1443}} * {{tcmdb name\|107525}} * [http://www.reelclassics.com/Actresses/Lamarr/lamarr.htm Hedy Lamarr at Reel Classics] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100103033146/http://reelclassics.com/Actresses/Lamarr/lamarr.htm \|date=2010-01-03 }} * [http://www.inventions.org/culture/female/lamarr.html Inventions.org page on Hedy Lamarr] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609171612/http://www.inventions.org/culture/female/lamarr.html \|date=2010-06-09 }} * [http://www.altfg.com/blog/archives/2007/02/13/hedy-lamarr-biographer-patrick-agan-discusses-the-legendary-hollywood-star/ Interview with Hedy Lamarr biographer Patrick Agan] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530133020/https://www.altfg.com/film/hedy-lamarr/ \|date=2020-05-30 }} * [http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/1997/4/1997_4_10.shtml ''Advanced Weaponry of the Stars'' by Prof. Hans-Joachim Braun] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110314161122/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/it/1997/4/1997_4_10.shtml \|date=2011-03-14 }} Invention & Technology article about Hedy Lamarr's patent * [http://www.inventors-day.com Annual Inventor's Day on her Birthday] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030185212/http://inventors-day.com/ \|date=2020-10-30 }} * [http://www.guidebookgallery.org/splashes/coreldraw CorelDRAW splash screens] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529084211/https://guidebookgallery.org/splashes/coreldraw \|date=2023-05-29 }} * [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YM1tEO3_09g ''Calling Hedy Lamarr'' (2004)] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118114515/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YM1tEO3_09g \|date=2021-11-18 }} * [http://www.virtual-history.com/movie/person/1731/hedy-lamarr Photographs and literature] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301232911/https://www.virtual-history.com/movie/person/1731/hedy-lamarr \|date=2021-03-01 }} {{Authority control}} ~~<!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->~~ ~~{{Persondata~~ ~~\|NAME= Lamarr, Hedy~~ ~~\|ALTERNATIVE NAMES= Kiesler, Hedwig Eva Maria~~ ~~\|SHORT DESCRIPTION= Aktris, penemu~~ ~~\|DATE OF BIRTH= 9 November 1913~~ ~~\|PLACE OF BIRTH= [[Vienna]], [[Austria-Hongaria]]~~ ~~\|DATE OF DEATH= 19 Januari 2000~~ ~~\|PLACE OF DEATH= Casselberry, Florida, A.S.~~ }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lamarr, Hedy}} [[Kategori:Kelahiran ~~1913~~1914]] [[Kategori:Kematian 2000]] [[Kategori:~~Aktor~~Pemeran film perempuan Amerika Serikat]] [[Kategori:~~Penemu~~Pereka cipta Amerika Serikat]] [[Kategori:Wanita dalam teknologi]]