Dhāraṇī: Perbedaan antara revisi

▲'''Dharani''' ([[Devanagari]]: धारणी, [[IAST]]: {{IAST | dhāraṇī}}) adalah nyanyian [[Buddhis]], kode [[mnemonik]], puji-pujian, bacaan atau [[mantra]] yang biasanya terdiri dari frasa [[Sanskerta]] atau [[Pali]]. Dipercaya sebagai pelindung dan memiliki kekuatan untuk mendatangkan [[pahala]] bagi umat Buddha. Dharani merupakan bagian utama dari literatur Buddhis yang bersejarah.<ref name="mcbride2004">{{cite book|author=Richard McBride|editor=Robert Buswell|title=Encyclopedia of Buddhism|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=L34YAAAAIAAJ|year=2004|publisher= Macmillan Reference|isbn=978-0-02-865718-9|pages=21, 180, 217–218, 253}}</ref><ref name="Winternitz1996p370">{{cite book|author=Moriz Winternitz|title=A History of Indian Literature: Buddhist literature and Jaina literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lgz1eMhu0JsC|year=1996|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-0265-0|pages=369–374 with footnotes}}</ref>{{sfn|Davidson|2009|pp=101-102}} Nyanyian ini berakar dalam literatur Vedic Sanskrit,<ref name="Alper1991">{{cite book|author=Frits Staal|editor=Harvey P. Alper|title=Understanding Mantras|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V8Upy4ApG_oC |year=1991|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0746-4|pages=59–66}}</ref> dan banyak yang ditulis dalam skrip [[Sansekerta]] seperti [[aksara Siddham]]<ref name=mullersiddhamtrans>{{cite book|title=Anecdota Oxoniensia: Buddhist texts from Japan, edited by F.M. Müller. 1881-1884, Vol 1, Part 3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RKJHAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA22 |author1=F Max Muller| author2= Bunyiu Nanjio| year=1881|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=22–25}}</ref> serta ditransliterasikan ke dalam skrip bahasa Mandarin, Korea, Jepang dan lainnya.<ref>{{cite book|author=Helen J. Baroni |title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Zen Buddhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=smNM4ElP3XgC&pg=PA66|year=2002|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc|isbn=978-0-8239-2240-6|page=66}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Robert Gimello|editor=Phyllis Granoff and Koichi Shinohara|title=Images in Asian Religions: Text and Contexts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f22MMuUrOaUC |year=2010|publisher=University of British Columbia Press|isbn=978-0-7748-5980-6|pages=229–231}}</ref><ref name="Bedini1994p69">{{cite book|author=Silvio A. Bedini|title=The Trail of Time: Time Measurement with Incense in East Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xdVkzs6iI1YC |year=1994|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-37482-8|pages=69–84}}</ref>