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[[Berkas:Silkroutes.jpg|jmpl|ka|350px|Rute Jalur Sutra]]
'''Jalur Sutra''' ([[Hanzi tradisional]]: 絲綢之路; [[Hanzi
Pertukaran ini sangat penting tak hanya untuk pengembangan [[kebudayaan]] [[Cina]], [[India]] dan [[Roma]] namun juga merupakan dasar dari dunia modern. Istilah 'jalur sutra' pertama kali digunakan oleh geografer [[Jerman]] [[Ferdinand Richthofen|Ferdinand von Richthofen]] pada [[abad ke-19]] karena komoditas perdagangan dari [[Cina]] yang banyak berupa [[sutra]].<ref name="Waugh 2007, p. 4">Waugh (2007), p. 4.</ref><ref name="The Silk Roads 1998 pp. 1-2">"Approaches Old and New to the Silk Roads" Eliseeff in: ''The Silk Roads: Highways of Culture and Commerce''. Paris (1998) UNESCO, Reprint: Berghahn Books (2009), pp. 1–2. ISBN 92-3-103652-1; ISBN 1-57181-221-0; ISBN 1-57181-222-9 (pbk)</ref>
Jalur Sutra benua membagi menjadi jalur utara dan selatan begitu dia meluas dari pusat perdagangan Cina Utara dan Cina Selatan, rute utara melewati [[Bulgar]]-[[Suku Kipchak|Kipchak]] ke [[Eropa Timur]] dan Semenanjung [[Crimea]], dan dari sana menuju ke [[Laut Hitam]], [[Laut Marmara]], dan [[Balkan]] ke [[Venezia]]; rute selatan melewati [[Turkestan]]-[[Khorasan]] menuju [[Mesopotamia]] dan [[Anatolia]], dan kemudian ke [[Antiokia]] di Selatan Anatolia menuju ke [[Laut Tengah]] atau melalui [[Levant]] ke [[Mesir]] dan [[Afrika Utara]].
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Hubungan jalan rel yang hilang dalam Jalur Sutra diselesaikan pada [[1992]], ketika jalan rel internasional [[Almaty]] - [[Urumqi]] dibuka.
Orang orang lebih memilih untuk berjalan pada saat musim dingin karena faktor adanya air dan juga barang yang dijual di musim panas jauh lebih mahal daripada musim dingin. Di Jalur Sutra ini terdapat sebuah tempat peristirahatan berbentuk seperti benteng yang
== Lihat pula ==
* [[Karavanserai]], tempat istirahat kafilah dagang saat jalur sutra masih aktif
* [[:Kategori:Kota di Jalur Sutra|Daftar kota di sepanjang Jalur Sutra]]
* [[Kashgar]], [[Khotan]], [[Yarkand]]
* [[Sutra]]
* [[Ulat sutra]]
== Pranala luar ==
* [http://www.mynetcologne.de/~nc-jostenge/banas-Dateien/image002.gif Peta rute-ture pelayaran antara 25 dan 220 M: ''Eurasian Trade Routes at the Time of the Eastern Han Dynasty''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070628010734/http://www.mynetcologne.de/~nc-jostenge/banas-Dateien/image002.gif |date=2007-06-28 }}
* [http://www.bl.uk/whatson/exhibitions/silkroad/main.html Pameran British Library Silk Road], dengan versi digital ''[[The Diamond Sutra]]'', buku tercetak tertua di dunia.
* [http://www.cnto.org/silkroad.asp China National Tourist Office] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071221192524/http://www.cnto.org/silkroad.asp |date=2007-12-21 }}
* [http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/cities/map.html Cities Along the Silk Road (University of Washington)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050911153900/http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/cities/map.html |date=2005-09-11 }}
* ''[http://www.dawn.com/events/lifestyle2002/ls16.htm "The changing Northern Areas"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041009205908/http://dawn.com/events/lifestyle2002/ls16.htm |date=2004-10-09 }}, ''Dawn''
* [http://www.ess.uci.edu/~oliver/silk.html Dr. Oliver Wild] {{Webarchive|url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160315145417/http://www.ess.uci.edu/~oliver/silk.html |date=2016-03-15 }}
* [http://idp.bl.uk/ International Dunhuang Project]
* [http://www.ciolek.com/owtrad.html Old World Traditional Trade Routes (OWTRAD)]
* [http://www.silk-road.com/ Silkroad Foundation]
* [http://www.silkroadproject.org/ Silk Road Project]
* [http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/ Silk Road Seattle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080520020715/http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/ |date=2008-05-20 }}
== Referensi ==
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* [[Richard Foltz|Foltz, Richard C.]] 2010. ''Religions of the Silk Road: Premodern Patterns of Globalization'', New York" Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-62125-1
* Harmatta, János, ed., 1994. ''History of civilizations of Central Asia, Volume II. The development of sedentary and nomadic civilizations: 700 B.C. to A.D. 250''. Paris, UNESCO Publishing.
* Hill, John E. 2004. ''The Western Regions according to the Hou Hanshu.'' Draft annotated English translation.[http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/texts/hhshu/hou_han_shu.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060426032835/http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/texts/hhshu/hou_han_shu.html |date=2006-04-26 }}
* Hill, John E. 2004. ''The Peoples of the West from the Weilue'' 魏略 ''by Yu Huan'' 魚豢'': A Third Century Chinese Account Composed between 239 and 265 CE.'' Draft annotated English translation. [http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/texts/weilue/weilue.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050315032618/http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/texts/weilue/weilue.html |date=2005-03-15 }}
* Hopkirk, Peter: ''The Great Game: the Struggle for Empire in Central Asia''; Kodansha International, New York, 1990, 1992.
* Hulsewé, A. F. P. and Loewe, M. A. N. 1979. ''China in Central Asia: The Early Stage 125 BC – AD 23: an annotated translation of chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty''. E. J. Brill, Leiden.
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* Klimkeit, Hans-Joachim. 1993. '''''Gnosis on the Silk Road''': Gnostic Texts from Central Asia''. Trans. & presented by Hans-Joachim Klimkeit. HarperSanFrancisco. ISBN 0-06-064586-5.
* Knight, E. F. 1893. ''Where Three Empires Meet: A Narrative of Recent Travel in: Kashmir, Western Tibet, Gilgit, and the adjoining countries''. Longmans, Green, and Co., London. Reprint: Ch'eng Wen Publishing Company, Taipei. 1971.
* Litvinsky, B. A., ed., 1996. ''History of civilizations of Central Asia, Volume III. The crossroads of civilizations: A.D. 250 to 750''. Paris, UNESCO Publishing. s
* Liu, Xinru 2001 “Migration and Settlement of the Yuezhi-Kushan: Interaction and Interdependence of Nomadic and Sedentary Societies.” ''Journal of World History'', Volume 12, No. 2, Fall 2001. University of Hawaii Press, pp. 261–292. [http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/jwh/].
* McDonald, Angus. 1995. ''The Five Foot Road: In Search of a Vanished China''. HarperCollins''West'', San Francisco.
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* Yan, Chen. 1986. “EARLIEST SILK ROUTE: The Southwest Route.” Chen Yan. ''China Reconstructs'', Vol. XXXV, No. 10. Oct. 1986, pp. 59–62.
{{Topik Dinasti Han}}
{{jalur perdagangan}}
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